ProQuest Dissertations - Historia Antigua

Valentia.The colonies of 194-192 were the last new colonies founded in south-centralItaly until the late second century BCE. The colonies founded in South-Central Italygenerally served two strategic purposes: they isolated and controlled various Samnitesand their allies, as in the case of the Latin colonies placed throughout the Apennines,and/or they protected the coastline and communications along it, as with the maritimecolonies. In the 180s and 170s, the focus on colonial foundations shifted almostcompletely to Northern Italy, with the exception of the large Roman colonies founded inEtruria at Saturnia and Graviscae.Northern ItalyThe eleven Roman and Latin colonies founded in Northern Italy between 289 and 177BCE were located in the modern regions of Liguria, Southern Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna, Friuli Venezia Giulia, and Northern Tuscany. The colonies are Sena Gallica(289-283), Ariminum (268), Placentia and Cremona (219-218, 190), Bononia (189),Pisaurum and Potentia (184), Parma and Mutina (183), Aquileia (183), Luca (180), andLuna(177). 49Sena Gallica was a small, citizen colony of approximately 300 settlers.Ariminum, Placentia, Cremona, Bononia, and Luca were Latin colonies with settlersnumbering 2,000 or more. The remaining colonies, Parma, Mutina, Luna, and perhapsPotentia and Pisaurum, combined characteristics of both categories to form citizencolonies with 2,000 colonists. In Southern Etruria, Saturnia and Graviscae were citizen48 Livy 35.40.5-6.49 The modern names for these locations are, respectively, Senigallia, Rimini, Piacenza, Cremona, Bologna,Pesaro, Potenza, Parma, Modena, Aquileia, Lucca, and Luna. Cf. RE s.v. the colonial name.64