ProQuest Dissertations - Historia Antigua
ProQuest Dissertations - Historia Antigua ProQuest Dissertations - Historia Antigua
colonists after the first census. 56Thus the Ferentinates' misstep was in claiming Romancitizenship before they had acquired it, not in claiming it at all. 57Further proof thatLatins and allies could enroll as colonists comes in the form of the poet Ennius, aCOMessapian from Rudiae, who became a colonist and a Roman citizen in 184.Thus, theaverage colonist population was probably a mix of Roman citizens by birth, immigrantsto Rome, and Roman allies from Latium.Another answer to the problem of too few colonists was to include also the localpopulation into the colony, either de iure as colonists with parcels of land or de facto asincolae. This was the practice in the archaic period, but also throughout latercolonization to foster a stronger community and mitigate the hostility of the localpopulation. 59Patterson observes as matter for further inquiry that "epigraphic andprosopographical data suggests that local populations could play a significant role in theaffairs of Latin colonies." 6Modern historians have taken up this line of inquiry on apiecemeal basis. Bispham briefly discusses the mixed populations of Cales andAriminum. 61Bradley notes that the commissioners of Antium did not make a policy ofexcluding local Volscians from the colony. 62Crawford cautiously comments that the56 Smith (1954), pp. 18-20. Cf. Salmon (1970), n. 165 pp. 184-185 contra Sherwin-White (1939), p. 92,where S.W. claims this as proof only Romans enrolled to become colonists.57 1 follow Smith (1954) in the observation that this passage does not imply that non-Romans were notallowed to enroll for citizen colonies, but that the Ferentinates erred in claiming their Roman citizenshiptoo soon, before they had moved to the colony. Cf. Laffi (2007), p. 23, Feig Vishnia (1996), p. 143.Salmon (1970), p. 99 asserts that this episode indicates that the non-Romans were more interested inacquiring Roman citizenship than living in the colony. He cites the rapid depopulation of Sipontum andBuxentum by 186 BCE as further evidence of this reluctance. Cf. Laffi (2007), pp. 23-24.58 Cic. Brut. 79; Cf. Arch. 22, De or. 3.168. Salmon (1970), p. 105. Ennius' citizenship may have come asa gift by one of the founding commissioners, according to Cicero {Brut. 79).59 Bradley (2006), pp. 178-179. See, for example, the inscription at Isernia of a dedication to Venus fromthe Samnite incolae (CIL I 2 3201).50 Patterson (2006), p. 199.61 Bispham (2006), p. 91.52 Bradley (2006), p. 167 f.17
nomenclature of Paestum shows a mix of Latin, Oscan, and Etruscan names, althoughthese may not have all been part of the colony of 273 BCE. 63The prosopography of thecippi at Pisaurum, according to Harvey, shows no narrower a focus of origin than westcentralItaly, which is consistent with a convergence of Latin and Roman colonists.Finally, Livi could not find evidence of surviving Auruncan culture at Minturnae,although she acknowledges that it is unclear whether the old population was wiped out orintegrated into the colony. 65The preceding survey offers just a handful of examples of the mixed populationsof colonies, but as Patterson observed, local populations did seem to be a significantpresence in the cultural life of especially the Latin colonies, with only one or twoexceptions. Therefore, any analysis of religious life in the colonies must account for notonly Roman and Latin influences, but also local contributions.Reaction of Local Populations to ColonizationAs part of the Romano-centric focus in colonization studies in Italy, not much has beensaid about the reaction of the local populations to colonization. Bradley notes that therewas a strong resistance to colonization in Alba Fucens, Carseoli, and Luceria. 66This isnot surprising considering that in some cases, such as that of Cosa, colonization led to thedisplacement of most of the local population in the territory around the city. 67In othercolonies, the local population was incorporated into the colony, such as happened with63 Crawford (2006), pp. 64-65.64 Harvey, Jr. (2006), pp. 119-126. Ennius is an example of anecdotal evidence of non-Roman enrolmentin the colonization of Pisaurum (Cic. Brut. 79)65 Livi (2006), pp. 91 and 113.66 Bradley (2006), p. 171 f.67 Ibid. p. 172. This, of course, was to allow an easier centuriation of the land for the current or futurecolonists.18
- Page 1 and 2: NOT EFFIGIES PAR VAE POPULI ROMAN!:
- Page 3 and 4: COPYRIGHTAmanda Jo Coles2009
- Page 5 and 6: AcknowledgementsI give heartfelt th
- Page 7 and 8: intention and colonial strategy hel
- Page 9 and 10: List of TablesFigure 5.1: Influence
- Page 11 and 12: Instead, through examination of the
- Page 13 and 14: settlements in alien lands," and co
- Page 15 and 16: in the late fourth century BCE; thu
- Page 17 and 18: Aquileia in 181 BCE.Bispham also il
- Page 19 and 20: II.Agency in Roman ColonizationFind
- Page 21 and 22: Figure 1.1:The Statist Model ofRoma
- Page 23 and 24: comparisons between religion in the
- Page 25: BCE, when Roman power expanded and
- Page 29 and 30: determinant factors in the relation
- Page 31 and 32: were soft and wealthy.In part, the
- Page 33 and 34: contact with Magna Graecia or incre
- Page 35 and 36: Reports to senate,founds templesGen
- Page 37 and 38: defined landscape. The landscape wa
- Page 39 and 40: neighbors: "[d]espite its undeniabl
- Page 41 and 42: Roman religion, there was also no r
- Page 43 and 44: propitiate. 113Yet, C. Marius was a
- Page 45 and 46: This section addresses continuity a
- Page 47 and 48: Capodifiume for at least the first
- Page 49 and 50: Was Roman Religion Imposed on the C
- Page 51 and 52: The Capitolium IssueEven as the gen
- Page 53 and 54: VI.Evidentiary CautionsLiteratureUn
- Page 55 and 56: two commissions, four of which mere
- Page 57 and 58: certain far-flung mid-Republican co
- Page 59 and 60: language and epigraphic tradition b
- Page 61 and 62: of participation in many systems: s
- Page 63 and 64: impelled each triumvir to seek or a
- Page 65 and 66: locals, or Rome are given. 6Moreove
- Page 67 and 68: Aesernia (263). 10 These colonies a
- Page 69 and 70: Interamna Lirinas, but who those co
- Page 71 and 72: after a mention of Scipio Africanus
- Page 73 and 74: Valentia.The colonies of 194-192 we
- Page 75 and 76: commissioners, P. Cornelius Scipio
nomenclature of Paestum shows a mix of Latin, Oscan, and Etruscan names, althoughthese may not have all been part of the colony of 273 BCE. 63The prosopography of thecippi at Pisaurum, according to Harvey, shows no narrower a focus of origin than westcentralItaly, which is consistent with a convergence of Latin and Roman colonists.Finally, Livi could not find evidence of surviving Auruncan culture at Minturnae,although she acknowledges that it is unclear whether the old population was wiped out orintegrated into the colony. 65The preceding survey offers just a handful of examples of the mixed populationsof colonies, but as Patterson observed, local populations did seem to be a significantpresence in the cultural life of especially the Latin colonies, with only one or twoexceptions. Therefore, any analysis of religious life in the colonies must account for notonly Roman and Latin influences, but also local contributions.Reaction of Local Populations to ColonizationAs part of the Romano-centric focus in colonization studies in Italy, not much has beensaid about the reaction of the local populations to colonization. Bradley notes that therewas a strong resistance to colonization in Alba Fucens, Carseoli, and Luceria. 66This isnot surprising considering that in some cases, such as that of Cosa, colonization led to thedisplacement of most of the local population in the territory around the city. 67In othercolonies, the local population was incorporated into the colony, such as happened with63 Crawford (2006), pp. 64-65.64 Harvey, Jr. (2006), pp. 119-126. Ennius is an example of anecdotal evidence of non-Roman enrolmentin the colonization of Pisaurum (Cic. Brut. 79)65 Livi (2006), pp. 91 and 113.66 Bradley (2006), p. 171 f.67 Ibid. p. 172. This, of course, was to allow an easier centuriation of the land for the current or futurecolonists.18
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