ProQuest Dissertations - Historia Antigua
ProQuest Dissertations - Historia Antigua ProQuest Dissertations - Historia Antigua
This implies that the colonists maintained the worship of Mars in their new communities.Dionysius of Halicarnassus does not specify that Mars was the god to whom the colonistswere vowed; he uses the formula BECOV OTCO twice more in the narrative regarding the versacrum. 103Nonetheless, Strabo's account is clear on the deity worshipped.Finally, Strabo (5.4.12) states that a bull led the Sabine colonists, the Samnites, toland of the Opici and lay down as a sign that the colonists were to settle there. In honorof the bull, whom they believed to be the god in animal form, the Samnites named thearea Bovianum. 104The Samnites in this area belonged to the Pentri tribe, who alsoinhabited the later Latin colony of Aesernia. 105Another tribe of Samnites were called theHirpini, perhaps after a legend that Mars in wolf form led Sabine colonists south to thearea of Malventum, which would later be the Latin colony of Beneventum. 106Straboelsewhere mentions that the Picentes were Sabine colonists who, having followed awoodpecker (picus), settled in the area around the later Latin colony of Ariminum. 107Thus, these Sabellic populations, which lived in areas where the Romans later colonized,were thought to have had a strong connection to the god Mars according to literaturewritten centuries after the period in question. 108There is also archaeological evidence of the worship of Mars during the archaicperiod, especially in northern Italy around the territory of the Picentes. Small bronze103 Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 1.16.2, 1.16.4.104 Prosdocimi (1989), p. 528.105 Salmon (1967), p. 44.106 Ibid, p. 46.107 Strabo 5.4.2.108 See Salmon (1967), pp. 167-168 for discussion of other evidence of Mars/Mamers worship among theSamnites.221
figurines in an attacking pose, wearing a helmet with a tall crest and some form ofcuirass, have been found in and around the colonies of Bononia, 109 Ariminum, 110 andPisaurum. 1 ' lThese figurines are of the Umbro-Sabellic type and date between the sixthand fourth centuries BCE. Von Wonterghem posits that Mars and Hercules filled thesame symbolic functions, but in the north and south, respectively. 112The occurrence of aselect few statuettes of Mars in the south or Hercules in the north, as at Bononia,Pisaurum, and Aquileia, suggests that the choice of which god to worship was a personalone for the dedicator.Isolated inscriptions suggest that Mars continued to be worshipped in some ofthese places during the third and second centuries. The names Mars Grabovius and MarsHorius appear on the third century Iguvine tablets, found at Gubbio in Umbria (c. 80 kmi ninland from the colonies of Pisaurum and Sena Gallica).As discussed in chapter 4 (p.194), the Latin colony of Sora boasted an altar to Mars near the forum as well as ahelmeted head of a rare type also found at Capua and outside Minturnae. 114Beyond theseinscriptions evidence of the worship of Mars in Italy is rare for the middle Republic,especially in the Latin and Roman colonies. 115109 Colonna (1970), pp. 36-37, #41.110 Ibid., pp. 25-26, #1.1,1 Ibid., pp. 78-79 (#181), 76 (#174), 72 (#161), and 69-70 (#149). Such figurines are also displayed in themuseums at Bologna (Colonna #69 and #121), Lucca (#16), and Parma (# 20 and #227), although theprovenance of these examples is uncertain.112 Von Wonterghem (1992), p. 321 and figure 2, p. 340.113 Tavole Iguvine la 11; VIb 1. Prosdocimi (1989), pp. 484-485. Von Wonterghem (1992, p. 321) usesMars' names in this inscription along with the lack of Mars in the Agnone Tables found in the territory ofthe Pentri as evidence of the split in function between Mars and Hercules.114 Rizzello (1980), p. 85. Mingazzini (1938), tables XXV 16 and XXVI 19. Capua: Bonghi Iovino (1965),Vol. I, p. 86, table XXIX 4.115 In a Roman context, there is slightly more evidence although none of it has any direct relevance forcolonization, see Gordon's entry under 'Mars' in Brill's New Pauly for references. Mars was, however,important in Roman rituals of purification: see Cato Agr. 141, wherein Mars was venerated at the lustratio222
- Page 179 and 180: The Religious Landscape ofPaestumTh
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figurines in an attacking pose, wearing a helmet with a tall crest and some form ofcuirass, have been found in and around the colonies of Bononia, 109 Ariminum, 110 andPisaurum. 1 ' lThese figurines are of the Umbro-Sabellic type and date between the sixthand fourth centuries BCE. Von Wonterghem posits that Mars and Hercules filled thesame symbolic functions, but in the north and south, respectively. 112The occurrence of aselect few statuettes of Mars in the south or Hercules in the north, as at Bononia,Pisaurum, and Aquileia, suggests that the choice of which god to worship was a personalone for the dedicator.Isolated inscriptions suggest that Mars continued to be worshipped in some ofthese places during the third and second centuries. The names Mars Grabovius and MarsHorius appear on the third century Iguvine tablets, found at Gubbio in Umbria (c. 80 kmi ninland from the colonies of Pisaurum and Sena Gallica).As discussed in chapter 4 (p.194), the Latin colony of Sora boasted an altar to Mars near the forum as well as ahelmeted head of a rare type also found at Capua and outside Minturnae. 114Beyond theseinscriptions evidence of the worship of Mars in Italy is rare for the middle Republic,especially in the Latin and Roman colonies. 115109 Colonna (1970), pp. 36-37, #41.110 Ibid., pp. 25-26, #1.1,1 Ibid., pp. 78-79 (#181), 76 (#174), 72 (#161), and 69-70 (#149). Such figurines are also displayed in themuseums at Bologna (Colonna #69 and #121), Lucca (#16), and Parma (# 20 and #227), although theprovenance of these examples is uncertain.112 Von Wonterghem (1992), p. 321 and figure 2, p. 340.113 Tavole Iguvine la 11; VIb 1. Prosdocimi (1989), pp. 484-485. Von Wonterghem (1992, p. 321) usesMars' names in this inscription along with the lack of Mars in the Agnone Tables found in the territory ofthe Pentri as evidence of the split in function between Mars and Hercules.114 Rizzello (1980), p. 85. Mingazzini (1938), tables XXV 16 and XXVI 19. Capua: Bonghi Iovino (1965),Vol. I, p. 86, table XXIX 4.115 In a Roman context, there is slightly more evidence although none of it has any direct relevance forcolonization, see Gordon's entry under 'Mars' in Brill's New Pauly for references. Mars was, however,important in Roman rituals of purification: see Cato Agr. 141, wherein Mars was venerated at the lustratio222
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