ProQuest Dissertations - Historia Antigua
ProQuest Dissertations - Historia Antigua ProQuest Dissertations - Historia Antigua
Inscriptions to Minerva also appear in the colonies of Sora, Ariminum, andAquileia. Unfortunately, the inscriptions do not provide much information as to the rolethe goddess played in the colony. A first century BCE inscription from Sora bore adedication to Minerva associated with a donario; it was found near the forum of thecolony. 56A second or early first century BCE inscription to the goddess from Q. Pupius,a member of a well-known gens in Cisalpine Gaul, probably once stood in the forum ofAriminum. 57Finally, at Aquileia, three dedicatory inscriptions have been found dating toCOthe Republican period.Based on the inscriptions, the goddess Minerva in Aquileia wasvenerated by freedmen and slaves. 59The evidence at Aquileia suggests that the Romangoddess of the Capitoline was not introduced into the colony, or if she was, her worshipmutated to fit the needs of the lower classes by the century after the foundation of thecolony.For Aquileia and Ariminum, Fontana posits that Minerva had a connection to thewool trade. 60She bases this conclusion on an inscription from the Principate to MinervaAugusta from the fullers of Aquileia. 61For Ariminum, her argument derives fromhypothesized pastoral connections of the gens Pupia.If these connections are correct,56 AE (1985) 266. Sex(tus) Curfidius C(ai) ffilius) / M(arcus) Caesius L(uci) ffilius) / Minervae p(ondo)XXS/ d(e) s(enatus) s(ententia)/faciendum) c(uraverunt) // Mvir(i). See Chapter 4, pp. 185, especially n.154.57 CIL XI 359 = CIL 12128 (p 1082) = ILLRP 241 = ERimini 23. Qfuintus) Pupius / Salvius / Minervai /v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito). Cf. Mansuelli (1941), p. 39. Fontana (1997), p. 222-3,242-3.58 CIL I 1457, 1462, and 1463. Fontana (1997), pp. 115-24, 197-8, 201-2.59 Fontana (1997), p. 120.60 Fontana (1997), pp. 123-124 (Aquileia) and 222-223 (Ariminum).61 CIL V 801 = Pais 66 = InscrAqu I, 301 = D 3128 = IEAquil 240. Minervae / Aug(ustae) sac(rum) /M(arcus) Valerius / Venustus / et Mulcedatia Tais / gentilibus / Artorianis lotoribus / aram d(ono)d(ederunt).62 Fontana (1997), p. 223.211
these cults of Minerva show characteristics not of a Gallic or Roman interpretation of theCeltic goddess, but of an Italic interpretation that links her to the goddess that assistedHercules in his endeavors. 63I think Fontana's suggestions are inspired, but should beviewed with caution. The wool connection at Aquileia could have arisen during thePrincipate, and so might have nothing to do with the original cult of the Latin colonists.Furthermore, there is not enough in the inscription at Ariminum to suggest by itself that itwas dedicated from a shepherd to his pastoral goddess. I think the most that can be saidabout these Minervas is that they were worshipped in the forum or in the colony.In the southern colony of Luceria, Minerva took the form of an easterncounterpart: Athena Iliaca. Evidence for this cult was found in the votive deposit on theBelvedere hill. 64The cult place was used both by the Daunian local population and thenby the Latin colonists of 315 BCE. 65The items found in the deposit point to akourotrophic goddess but also to an armed Minerva, caretaker of dogs, healer, andguardian of marriage.Strabo identifies this multi-function goddess as Athena Iliaca.The complex physiognomy of the votive deposit leads D'Ercole to conclude that the cultto Trojan Athena began with the Latin colony, and the main attributes apply to a culturalsituation from the Etruscan-Latin-Campanian region.D'Ercole adds that the richness ofthe votives and multiplicity of roles ascribed to the goddess, including protector of63 Fontana (1997), p. 115 ff.; Wissowa (1912), p. 252 ff.; Latte (1960), p. 163 ff.; Girard (1970), p. 469 ff.;Castagnoli (1979), p 4 ff.; Torelli (1984), p. 50 f.64 The catalog of this deposit is published in D'Ercole (1990).65 Ibid. p. 290 and 302 n. 693 regarding the presence in the deposit of fourth century antefixes, whichpredate the colony.66 Ibid. pp. 290-291.67 Strabo 6.264.68 D'Ercole (1990), p. 300. Cf. p. 302 on Torelli's interpretation of this cult as the Roman declaration oftheir imperialist policies in southern Italy. Torelli (1984), p. 227 ff.212
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- Page 261 and 262: Saticula: (Festus, Gloss. Lat. p458
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Inscriptions to Minerva also appear in the colonies of Sora, Ariminum, andAquileia. Unfortunately, the inscriptions do not provide much information as to the rolethe goddess played in the colony. A first century BCE inscription from Sora bore adedication to Minerva associated with a donario; it was found near the forum of thecolony. 56A second or early first century BCE inscription to the goddess from Q. Pupius,a member of a well-known gens in Cisalpine Gaul, probably once stood in the forum ofAriminum. 57Finally, at Aquileia, three dedicatory inscriptions have been found dating toCOthe Republican period.Based on the inscriptions, the goddess Minerva in Aquileia wasvenerated by freedmen and slaves. 59The evidence at Aquileia suggests that the Romangoddess of the Capitoline was not introduced into the colony, or if she was, her worshipmutated to fit the needs of the lower classes by the century after the foundation of thecolony.For Aquileia and Ariminum, Fontana posits that Minerva had a connection to thewool trade. 60She bases this conclusion on an inscription from the Principate to MinervaAugusta from the fullers of Aquileia. 61For Ariminum, her argument derives fromhypothesized pastoral connections of the gens Pupia.If these connections are correct,56 AE (1985) 266. Sex(tus) Curfidius C(ai) ffilius) / M(arcus) Caesius L(uci) ffilius) / Minervae p(ondo)XXS/ d(e) s(enatus) s(ententia)/faciendum) c(uraverunt) // Mvir(i). See Chapter 4, pp. 185, especially n.154.57 CIL XI 359 = CIL 12128 (p 1082) = ILLRP 241 = ERimini 23. Qfuintus) Pupius / Salvius / Minervai /v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito). Cf. Mansuelli (1941), p. 39. Fontana (1997), p. 222-3,242-3.58 CIL I 1457, 1462, and 1463. Fontana (1997), pp. 115-24, 197-8, 201-2.59 Fontana (1997), p. 120.60 Fontana (1997), pp. 123-124 (Aquileia) and 222-223 (Ariminum).61 CIL V 801 = Pais 66 = InscrAqu I, 301 = D 3128 = IEAquil 240. Minervae / Aug(ustae) sac(rum) /M(arcus) Valerius / Venustus / et Mulcedatia Tais / gentilibus / Artorianis lotoribus / aram d(ono)d(ederunt).62 Fontana (1997), p. 223.211
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