ProQuest Dissertations - Historia Antigua

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temples or sanctuaries occurred in or near several landscape features: natural,geographical features such as hills, bodies of water, or groves; urban or suburbanlocations such as the center or edges of communities, cultivated areas, and transportroutes; and liminal areas such as cemeteries and territorial boundaries. Frankfurterconcludes, with reference to the imperial period, that "in this way, cult places bothintegrated and demarcated social identity."This observation holds true also for theRepublic.To simplify, there are five (more or less) distinct zones/features of the landscapein a colony: city, cemetery, transport network, cultivated land, and natural landscape, aswell as the borders between these features. 14Sanctuaries can be found in or near all fivelandscape zones (Figure 4.1), and thus, they are the best indicators of the interactionbetween locals and colonists. In effect, participation at a sanctuary can 'pin down' thelandscape for a group of people through 'competitive worship,' but it can also create ashared ideological landscape for both groups. The point is that, as the landscape is bothbuilding to be removed causing the temple to become part of the landscape." Cf. Laurence (1994), pp. 68-75.13 Frankfurter (2006), p. 548. Cf. Mitchell (1993), pp. 19-31; Derks (1998), pp. 132-44. Frankfurter urgesthat "we must consider a more complex series of overlapping and concentric "centers" for religious activityin the Roman world: minor temples, modest shrines, cultic places afforded by the landscape (springs,mountaintops), and the home itself."14 Frankfurter (2006), p. 548 has a similar list of sanctuary locations for the Roman imperial period:"Outside Rome, the location of temples and sanctuaries depended on landscape features (hilltops, rivers andsprings, forests), economy (the edges of cultivated areas, towns and districts seeking the favors of particulargods), and cultural or local identity (the boundaries or pilgrimage centers of agricultural, pastoral, warrior,or mercantile peoples)." For a categorization in a Greek context, see Pedley (2005), Chapter 4: "The Sitingof Sanctuaries" pp. 39-56. Pedley's discussion of the placement and function of sanctuaries in the Greekworld focuses on the following categories: natural, interurban, urban, suburban, extraurban, and ruralsanctuaries. These are slightly different from the categories introduced here, which are more pertinent toItalian and Roman religious systems for the Republic. I generated the categories for Figure 4.1 fromobservation of the placement of sacred sites in and around Roman and other Italian cities. Not every cityhas a sanctuary in every possible location, nor is the diagram intended to indicate a specific colonial siteplan.153
the object of control and the arena in which the struggle is made manifest, participation inthe ubiquitous religion and cults is one way for the dynamic of integration to manifestitself.Natural Landscape / Uncultivatedby Colony (Includes Springs,Caves, Groves etc.)Arrows indicate the possibleplacement of sanctuaries inthe landscapeKey to Sanctuary LocationsOGreco-Roman Type Cemetery^Colonial Farm Land1 - Caves, Springs, andGroves2 - Territory Border3 - Extra-Urban4 - Funerary Cult5 - Forum / Arx6 - Intra-city7 - Suburban8 - Roads, Harbors, andMountain PassesFigure 4.1: Abstract Model of the Colonial Landscape(NB: Does not indicate any preconceived or general colonial site plan)For the purposes of analyzing the relationships between the human elements ofcolonization and the religious landscape of specific colonies, it will be sufficient to focuson the colonists, locals, and religious landscape elements of the colonial agency diagramintroduced in chapter 1, Figure 1.3. The resulting triangle is given by Figure 4.2. As withthe colonial agency chart, the local population had an independent and (often) prior154
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NOT EFFIGIES PAR VAE POPULI ROMAN!:
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COPYRIGHTAmanda Jo Coles2009
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AcknowledgementsI give heartfelt th
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intention and colonial strategy hel
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List of TablesFigure 5.1: Influence
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Instead, through examination of the
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settlements in alien lands," and co
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in the late fourth century BCE; thu
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Aquileia in 181 BCE.Bispham also il
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II.Agency in Roman ColonizationFind
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Figure 1.1:The Statist Model ofRoma
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comparisons between religion in the
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BCE, when Roman power expanded and
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nomenclature of Paestum shows a mix
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determinant factors in the relation
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were soft and wealthy.In part, the
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contact with Magna Graecia or incre
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Reports to senate,founds templesGen
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defined landscape. The landscape wa
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neighbors: "[d]espite its undeniabl
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Roman religion, there was also no r
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propitiate. 113Yet, C. Marius was a
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This section addresses continuity a
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Capodifiume for at least the first
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Was Roman Religion Imposed on the C
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The Capitolium IssueEven as the gen
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VI.Evidentiary CautionsLiteratureUn
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two commissions, four of which mere
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certain far-flung mid-Republican co
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language and epigraphic tradition b
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of participation in many systems: s
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impelled each triumvir to seek or a
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locals, or Rome are given. 6Moreove
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Aesernia (263). 10 These colonies a
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Interamna Lirinas, but who those co
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after a mention of Scipio Africanus
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Valentia.The colonies of 194-192 we
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commissioners, P. Cornelius Scipio
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enough to note that the benefits to
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The questions arising from this con
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ends with the colony of Luna (177 B
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deported them to Samnium.Around 40,
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In the following section I will set
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the conservative faction sponsored
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What this geographical distribution
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consulship was uneventful, as a pro
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Besides a prior military connection
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Thus, there is a pattern of magistr
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Sometimes, the colonists might have
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advancement.The exposure of such a
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Bononia, 154 as did the Fulvii in t
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their enemies, it certainly seems t
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Chapter 3: Commissioners and Foundi
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This chart completes the human half
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first century BCE. The lex coloniae
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Page 115 and 116: L. Cornelius Lentulus, the brother
Page 117 and 118: of settlement in Gaul and Liguria d
Page 119 and 120: their names to the presiding magist
Page 121 and 122: praetor, except in a supervisory ro
Page 123 and 124: familiarity with enrolling men, as
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Page 127 and 128: probably not a regulated endeavor,
Page 129 and 130: usually attended the consecration o
Page 131 and 132: et ab supero mari Senensis. cum uac
Page 133 and 134: colleges of these priests. In the c
Page 135 and 136: which one or more men on each commi
Page 137 and 138: games and sacrifices.In keeping wit
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Page 145 and 146: such a small or make-shift altar mi
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Page 149 and 150: BCE.Finally, M. Aemilius Lepidus vo
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Page 157 and 158: A later dialogue elucidates the div
Page 159 and 160: ETTIOVTES, Tct 5E XOITTCX KQSEXCOUE
Page 161: passive element in the act of colon
Page 165 and 166: worship as well as continuing their
Page 167 and 168: destroyed by the Roman praetor, L.
Page 169 and 170: erstwhile monuments of Fregellae im
Page 171 and 172: mentions of the Fregellan emissarie
Page 173 and 174: etween the mixed Sabellic and Latin
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Page 177 and 178: To summarize, then, the original co
Page 179 and 180: The Religious Landscape ofPaestumTh
Page 181 and 182: community. This was very different
Page 183 and 184: In addition to these politico-relig
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Page 191 and 192: Even more so than the example of Fr
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Page 205 and 206: worship of Juno: both the birth-rel
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surely not Diana of the Aventine, b
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disappointment manifested itself ni
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peoples. With this added element, i
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Athena, indicates that the Insubria
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these cults of Minerva show charact
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colonization, contact with Greek co
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they were the offerings of the weal
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As much as the various types of str
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TTepl 8E 2auviTcbv Kai TOIOUTOS TIS
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figurines in an attacking pose, wea
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JupiterCults of Jupiter, too, are n
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censores eo anno creati Q. Fuluius
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Ariminum, Minturnae, and Pisaurum d
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In the colonies in Northern Italy,
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Even with this restricted sample se
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to a colony's religious system, but
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since they could not keep the gods
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IV.ConclusionsIn his study of Roman
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colonists are not given a portable
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amount of influence over the type o
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In contrast, the Latin colony in Pa
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II.ConclusionsOverall, trying to cr
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Rome that a Roman army destroyed it
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Volscians as colonists. The rest of
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Saticula: (Festus, Gloss. Lat. p458
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ou Tfjv E^rjynoiv liuETs EV TTJ Trp
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Spain or in Africa, and the decemvi
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During the year a Latin colony was
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T. Maenio praetore urbano creati su
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Colonia Grauiscae eo anno deducta e
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HETOt 5E TOUTOV TOV
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argenti data centum et quinquaginta
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Distribution of Lands in Liguria an
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one of the members lest we make an
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commander. 9The colonial colleges f
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Valerius Tappo, the former tribune
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Q. Fabius Labeo (Potentia and Pisau
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CommissionAntiumAppendix 3: Colonia
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Appendix 3: Colonial Commissioner C
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CommissionVenusia(suppl)Appendix 3;
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Appendix 3; Colonial Commissioner C
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CommissionPlacentia andCremona(supp
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CommissionParma andMutinaAppendix 3
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BibliographyAbbott, F.F. "The Colon
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. A Commentary on Livy: Books XXXI-
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de Antonellis, G. Storia di Beneven
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Gage, J. Apollon Romaine. Essai sur
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. "The Public Festivals of Rome," A
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Lloyd, J. "Farming the Highlands: S
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Nock, A.D. "A Feature of Roman Reli
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Purcell, N. "Becoming Historical: T
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. "Sacrifices for Gods and Ancestor
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Turfa, J.M. "Etruscan Religion at t
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Zevi-Gallina, A. "Sora. Scavi alia
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