ProQuest Dissertations - Historia Antigua

This passage pertains to a period of time for which Livy cannot have had an accuratesource for the exact wording of the surrender terms; thus, the concept of the city was mostlikely one that pertained to the middle or late Republican period. Note that the itemssurrendered were not only the magistrates and the population, but also the urbs andtermini (human-defined spaces which could be marked physically) and the agri, aqua,delubra, and utensilia (material, physical, and religious elements of the landscape.) Thus,the city consisted of the people, the ideas they marked onto the landscape, and the thingsthey used in the landscape.Furthermore, in the surrender terms, Tarquin specified divina humanaque omnia,which stands as clarification of the previous list as well as a general description of acommunity comprised of everything sacred and secular. Another passage in Livy on thesurrender of Capua in 211 BCE confirms this conception of a city and its landscape."quosque una secum dedidere quaeque una secum dedidere agrum urbemque diuinahumanaque utensiliaque siue quidaliuddediderunt. " Livy 26.33.13."They have surrendered diverse persons together with themselves, as also their landand city with all things therein, sacred and profane, together with their goods andchattels and whatsoever else they had in possession." [C. Roberts, trans.]Here again, Livy counts the city as the combination of the people, their possessions, andthe physical landscape, which includes temples and religiously defined space. Laurencederives from this passage a definition of a city as the alliance of people and gods at astated location. 3Based on these two passages, however, it seems that the gods are a partof the temples, and thus an element of the landscape rather than the community. Moreevidence is needed to clarify the relationship between divine and human in a city.5 Laurence (1996), p. 116.147