ProQuest Dissertations - Historia Antigua

and for taking over the duties associated with a manubial vow in the cases where thegeneral was no longer in office. 126The temple itself was built out of the campaign booty,the manubium, but the burden of the upkeep and ritual expenses of the cult rested on thepublic purse, a decision which required senatorial approval. The priests were alsoconsulted, so that the temple would not create a breach of the pea deorum. For example,when the senate forbade M. Claudius Marcellus to construct a one-cella temple to Honosand Virtus, the consulted pontiffs cited the reason that one cella did not allow fordifferentiation between the portents sent by the two deities. 1 7Finally, the approvedtemple was built and then dedicated. There was sometimes as much as a decade betweenthe vow and dedication of the temple because the approval and construction processeswere so lengthy.The gods to whom the generals vowed temples were diverse. A general couldchoose a Roman deity or deified concept 129 or another god of his choice: between 300 and290 BCE, temples were built to Vediovis, Faunus, Fortuna Primigenia, and Juno Sospita,all local, Latin deities.In general, commanders could choose the deity that suited themthe best, as long as there was no objection from the priests and senators. 131Since the126 Stambaugh (1978), p. 565.127Val. Max. 1.1.8. Cf. Ando (2003), p. 12.128Rilpke (2006), p. 220. Inscriptions with dedicator name: ILS 20 = ROL 4:84 #82, Pliny HN 33.19, Livy9.46.6-7.129 Orlin (1997), p. 29. Cf. Rupke (2006), p. 220, who notes that the list of 76 public temples founded inRome between 302 and 44 BCE refutes the idea that there was a thorough hellenization of Roman religionfrom the third century on.130 Beard, North, and Price (1998), Vol. 1, p. 98. Fortuna Primigenia is leading deity of Praeneste; JunoSospita is the goddess of Lanuvium, and Vediovis had two temples, vowed by Furius Pupurio while he wasfighting against the Gauls, so perhaps this importation of the Latin version of a Gallic god was similar to anevocatio in nature.131 Beard, North, and Price (1998), Vol. 1, p. 105. In 222 BCE, pontiffs prevented M. Claudius Marcellusfrom dedicating a temple to Honos and Virtus with only one cella. Livy 25.40.1-3; 27.25.7-9; Cic. Verr.II.4.120-23; Nat. D. 11.1; Rep. 1.21; Asc. Pis. 12C. Cf. Wardman (1982), pp. 12-13.138