ProQuest Dissertations - Historia Antigua
ProQuest Dissertations - Historia Antigua ProQuest Dissertations - Historia Antigua
informed ritual practice.Roman religion valued orthopraxy, or correct action, groundedin observation. 82A prominent feature of Roman orthopraxy was the precise andcontractual nature of the vow that accompanied an offering or sacrifice.In Rome, thesevows were recited to the presiding magistrate by a pontiff, who was an expert in sacredlaw and procedure, including for games, sacrifices, vows, tombs, and burial law.Thus,if the Roman religious system were bestowed upon the colonies, then there must havebeen some means of transferring also the pontiffs ritual laws and formulae.Finally, the commissioners would appoint the first magistrates and priests of thecolony, in order to provide an authority structure which could govern the colonyaccording to the laws and tenets the commissioners provided. The colonial magistratesorsometimes were cosoles or duoviri in Latin colonies.In citizen colonies, thecommissioners only instituted the minimum of magistracies necessary to addressimmediate crises for which there was no time to consult with Roman magistrates.Forthe priests, the commissioners would appoint pontifices and augures for the colonial81 Ando (2003), p. 2.82 Ibid. p. 11.83 Orlin (1997), p. 35. The vows for temples, especially, were conditional and almost contractual.84 Beard, North, and Price (1998), p. 24. Pontiffs also determined what was sacred and what was profane,as in the case of Capua's statues (Livy 26.34.12). Cf. de Cazanove (2000), p. 73.85 Bispham (2006), p. 88. For example, the magistrates at Ariminum {ILLRP 77) and Beneventum {ILLRP169) were called cosoles at least until the second century. After this Ariminum's magistrates were calledduoviri {ILLRP 545). It seems that Beneventum also hadpraetores. (ILLRP 545). Lomas (2004), p. 220also notes that the Charter of Tarentum (CIL I 2 .590) and the Lex Genetiva Mia from Urso in Spain (CIL I 2 .594) shows that the cities' administration was modeled on Rome, but these are both beyond the period andtype of colonization studied here and cannot be firm evidence that all colonies followed a Romanadministrative model.86 Salmon (1970), p. 17.123
colleges of these priests. In the case of the colony at Urso (44 BCE) Caesar or hisR7designated commissioner appointed these priests:Quos pontifices quosque augures C. Caesar, quive iussu eius colon, deduxerit,fecerit ex colon. Genet., eiponftji/ices eique augures c. G.I. sunto, eiq.pon[t]i[fi]ces auguresque inpontificum aurgurum conlegio in ea colon, sunto,ita uti qui optima lege optumo iure in quaque colon, pontif. augures sunt erunt.Usque pontificibus augurifb]'usque, qui in quoque eorum collegio erunt,liberisque eorum militiae munerisque publici vacatio sacro sanctius esto, utipontifici Romano est erit, eaque militaria ea omnia merita sunto. Urso Charter66Whosoever shall be appointed pontifices and augures from the colonia Genetivaby Caius Caesar (or by whoever establishes the colonia on Caesar's instruction)let them be pontifices and augures in the colleges of pontifices and augures forthe said colonia. Let those pontifices and augures, who shall be members ofeach college, and their children be sacredly guaranteed freedom from militaryservice and public obligations, in the same way as apontifex is and shall be inRome, and all their military service shall be deemed to have been completed.[Trans. Beard, North, and Price]Again, the foundation of Urso occurred under a different set of colonial conditions thanthose of the middle Republic; in particular, the pontifices and augures of the fourththrough second centuries did not exercise a right to abstain from military service, if sucha right existed at that time.If the colonial priests were brought into the Roman system,then they should have been co-opted by the priests already in the college. 89The charter ofUrso explicitly states that the priests joined colleges of the colony, however, not theirRoman counterparts. Perhaps thereafter, the priesthoods functioned like Roman87 Constitution of Urso (44 BCE) ILS 6087; CIL II.5, 439; Beard, North, and Price (1998), Vol.2 10.2a:paragraph 66.88 Among the commissioners alone, the pontifices were M. Valerius Maximus Corvus (Saticula, 313), L.Valerius Flaccus (Placentia, Cremona, and Bononia, 190-189), Q. Fabius Labeo (Potentia and Pisaurum,184, and Saturnia 183), M. Aemilius Lepidus (Parma and Mutina, 183 and Luna 177). The augures were P.Aelius Paetus and Cn. Cornelius Lentulus (Narnia, 199), M. Servilius Geminus and T. Sempronius Longus(Volturnum, Liternum, Puteoli, Salernum, Buxentum, 197-194), and L. Aemilius Paulus (Croton, 194). Allof these men had thriving military careers.89 Beard, North, and Price (1998), p. 104.124
- Page 81 and 82: ends with the colony of Luna (177 B
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colleges of these priests. In the case of the colony at Urso (44 BCE) Caesar or hisR7designated commissioner appointed these priests:Quos pontifices quosque augures C. Caesar, quive iussu eius colon, deduxerit,fecerit ex colon. Genet., eiponftji/ices eique augures c. G.I. sunto, eiq.pon[t]i[fi]ces auguresque inpontificum aurgurum conlegio in ea colon, sunto,ita uti qui optima lege optumo iure in quaque colon, pontif. augures sunt erunt.Usque pontificibus augurifb]'usque, qui in quoque eorum collegio erunt,liberisque eorum militiae munerisque publici vacatio sacro sanctius esto, utipontifici Romano est erit, eaque militaria ea omnia merita sunto. Urso Charter66Whosoever shall be appointed pontifices and augures from the colonia Genetivaby Caius Caesar (or by whoever establishes the colonia on Caesar's instruction)let them be pontifices and augures in the colleges of pontifices and augures forthe said colonia. Let those pontifices and augures, who shall be members ofeach college, and their children be sacredly guaranteed freedom from militaryservice and public obligations, in the same way as apontifex is and shall be inRome, and all their military service shall be deemed to have been completed.[Trans. Beard, North, and Price]Again, the foundation of Urso occurred under a different set of colonial conditions thanthose of the middle Republic; in particular, the pontifices and augures of the fourththrough second centuries did not exercise a right to abstain from military service, if sucha right existed at that time.If the colonial priests were brought into the Roman system,then they should have been co-opted by the priests already in the college. 89The charter ofUrso explicitly states that the priests joined colleges of the colony, however, not theirRoman counterparts. Perhaps thereafter, the priesthoods functioned like Roman87 Constitution of Urso (44 BCE) ILS 6087; CIL II.5, 439; Beard, North, and Price (1998), Vol.2 10.2a:paragraph 66.88 Among the commissioners alone, the pontifices were M. Valerius Maximus Corvus (Saticula, 313), L.Valerius Flaccus (Placentia, Cremona, and Bononia, 190-189), Q. Fabius Labeo (Potentia and Pisaurum,184, and Saturnia 183), M. Aemilius Lepidus (Parma and Mutina, 183 and Luna 177). The augures were P.Aelius Paetus and Cn. Cornelius Lentulus (Narnia, 199), M. Servilius Geminus and T. Sempronius Longus(Volturnum, Liternum, Puteoli, Salernum, Buxentum, 197-194), and L. Aemilius Paulus (Croton, 194). Allof these men had thriving military careers.89 Beard, North, and Price (1998), p. 104.124
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