ProQuest Dissertations - Historia Antigua
ProQuest Dissertations - Historia Antigua ProQuest Dissertations - Historia Antigua
without its approval.Livy explicitly mentions a senatus consultum or at least asenatorial discussion for twelve commissions between 338 and 169.Based on theconjunction of a senatus consultum with a plebiscite in some of these passages, Gargolaconcludes that this combination of legal procedures was probably standard practice forinitiating and passing a colonial law. 14The issuance of a senatus consultum implies thata discussion (formal or informal) on whether to establish or supplement a colony occurredin the senate; this discussion must have been introduced by at least one senator, but weonly have rare mentions of who these men were in the middle Republic. 15Introducing asuccessful proposal for a colonial law onto the senate floor could serve many of the12 Veil. Pat. 1.14.1. Cf. Gargola (1995), p. 53. Salmon (1970), p. 103 cites the plebeian assembly as deiure source of colonial law, but the senate as the de facto decision maker as to when and where a colonywould be established. Feig Vishnia (1996), p. 145 suggests that the participation of the tribune of the plebsin passing a colonial law was probably a relic of the past when a double sanction by the senate and Romanpeople (SPQR) was required for colonial foundation.13 Cales (Livy 8.16.14), Luceria (Livy 9.26.3), Interamna (Livy 9.28.7-8), the supplement of Narnia (Livy32.2.6-7), Castra (Livy 32.7.1f.), the supplement of Cosa (Livy 33.24.8), Vibo Valentia and Copia (Livy34.53.1-2, 35.40.5-6), the supplement of Placentia, Cremona, and foundation of Bononia (Livy 37.46.9-47.2, 57.7-8), the supplement of Sipontum and Buxentum (Livy 39.23.3-4), the supplement of Aquileia(Livy 43.17.1), and possibly the foundations of Minturnae and Sinuessa (Livy 10.21.7-10), where tribunisplebis negotium datum est, presumably by the senate, and Aquileia (Livy 39.55.5-6) where the passagebegins with the senate debating whether to make the colony a Latin or citizen one.14 Gargola (1995), p. 53. Gargola confines this necessary sequence of events to the period from 200 to 167BCE. e.g. Volturnum, Liternum, Puteoli, Salernum, Buxentum (Livy 32.29.3-4, plebiscite only), ViboValentia and Copia (Livy 34.53.1-2, both), Placentia and Cremona (suppl), Bononia (Livy 37.46.9-47.2,both), Sipontum and Buxentum (suppl) (Livy 39.23.3-4, senatus consultum only), Aquileia (Livy 39.55.5-6,senatus consultum only), and Minturnae and Sinuessa (Livy 10.21.7-10, both implied).15 Gargola (1995), p. 52 notes that the people who initiated and secured the necessary authority for acolonial foundation must have been among the elite, but the names of these men are rarely known. Indeed,Livy only mentions the following initiators of colonization between 338 and 169: for Cales, the consuls, T.Veturius and Spurius Postumius, suggested founding a colony to anticipate the wishes of the people (Livy8.16.14). For Placentia and Cremona (suppl), and Bononia, L. Aurunculeius introduced a deputation (torequest a supplementation) from Placentia and Cremona into the senate, and later the consul C. Laeliusbrought forth a proposal that two new colonies be added, although ultimately only Bononia was (Livy37.46.9-47.2). For Sipontum and Buxentum (suppl), S. Postumius reported to the senate that he found thecolonies empty while investigating the so-called Bacchanalian conspiracy (Livy 39.23.3-4). The tribunes,whom the senatus consultum ordered to obtain a plebiscite, or the magistrates, whom the plebiscite orderedto elect the commissioners, should not be counted among the colonial initiators because there is no way totell if they were chosen to participate in the legal procedure because of their office or because of theirsupport for the colonization effort. Contra Salmon (1970), p. 19, who asserts that the tribunes initiated101
political and personal motivations which a magistrate might have for founding a colony.It is entirely possible that one or more of the magistrates chosen as colonialcommissioners introduced the proposal to establish or supplement the colony for which1 nthey were elected.Even though we can posit a basic procedure for passing the leges coloniae, theprovisions of these laws were not consistent over time, even within as short a period as338 to 169. For example, in the early third century, the task of creating commissionersfor Minturnae and Sinuessa (295) was given to the praetor, P. Sempronius, 18 as was thecase also for the supplements of Placentia and Cremona, when L. Aurunculeius (urbanpraetor 190) brought in the delegation from colonies and created the commissioners, 19and for Sipontum and Buxentum (supplemented in 186), for which the urban praetor wasalso assigned this task. 20Livy's account of the creation of the commissioners for ViboValentia and Copia (194-192) specifies that ea bina comitia Cn. Domitius praetorurbanus in Capitolio habuit, whereas the other passages merely suggest that an electionof the commissioners occurred (based on Livy's use of the verb creare). 22Sometimescolonization in general in the second century BCE. Perhaps this is true for the later second century, but it isan overstatement for the early part of the century.16 Gargola (1995), p. 52. See Chapter 2 (above, pp. 75 ff.) for a discussion of what sorts of personal andpolitical motivations Roman magistrates might have had for founding a colony.17 Cassola (1962), p. 427 n. 41 is cautious in the case of C. Flaminius, triumvir to found Aquileia, who mayhave been following his father's agrarian agenda in the region. Cassola asserts that there is no way to knowif the initiative to found the colony was his, but I think that it is possible and even likely.18 Livy 10.21.7-10.19 Livy 37.46.9-47.2.20 Livy 39.23.3-4.21 Livy 34.53.1-2.22 Livy also uses creare to describe the election of consuls and praetors at the beginning of each year, e.g.Livy 10.47.5, 34.42.3. According to the OLD (Glare ed., 2004 reprint) s.v. creo definition 5, the wordmeans either a) to appoint a magistrate (with a predicate accusative) or b) the verb applied to the magistrateholding the elections. With the exception of the commission for Cales, where tres uiros coloniaededucendae agroque diuidundo creauerunt K. Duillium T. Quinctium M. Fabium (Livy 8.16.14), wherever102
- Page 59 and 60: language and epigraphic tradition b
- Page 61 and 62: of participation in many systems: s
- Page 63 and 64: impelled each triumvir to seek or a
- Page 65 and 66: locals, or Rome are given. 6Moreove
- Page 67 and 68: Aesernia (263). 10 These colonies a
- Page 69 and 70: Interamna Lirinas, but who those co
- Page 71 and 72: after a mention of Scipio Africanus
- Page 73 and 74: Valentia.The colonies of 194-192 we
- Page 75 and 76: commissioners, P. Cornelius Scipio
- Page 77 and 78: enough to note that the benefits to
- Page 79 and 80: The questions arising from this con
- Page 81 and 82: ends with the colony of Luna (177 B
- Page 83 and 84: deported them to Samnium.Around 40,
- Page 85 and 86: In the following section I will set
- Page 87 and 88: the conservative faction sponsored
- Page 89 and 90: What this geographical distribution
- Page 91 and 92: consulship was uneventful, as a pro
- Page 93 and 94: Besides a prior military connection
- Page 95 and 96: Thus, there is a pattern of magistr
- Page 97 and 98: Sometimes, the colonists might have
- Page 99 and 100: advancement.The exposure of such a
- Page 101 and 102: Bononia, 154 as did the Fulvii in t
- Page 103 and 104: their enemies, it certainly seems t
- Page 105 and 106: Chapter 3: Commissioners and Foundi
- Page 107 and 108: This chart completes the human half
- Page 109: first century BCE. The lex coloniae
- Page 113 and 114: through the authority of the senate
- Page 115 and 116: L. Cornelius Lentulus, the brother
- Page 117 and 118: of settlement in Gaul and Liguria d
- Page 119 and 120: their names to the presiding magist
- Page 121 and 122: praetor, except in a supervisory ro
- Page 123 and 124: familiarity with enrolling men, as
- Page 125 and 126: sed occurrebat artimis quantos exer
- Page 127 and 128: probably not a regulated endeavor,
- Page 129 and 130: usually attended the consecration o
- Page 131 and 132: et ab supero mari Senensis. cum uac
- Page 133 and 134: colleges of these priests. In the c
- Page 135 and 136: which one or more men on each commi
- Page 137 and 138: games and sacrifices.In keeping wit
- Page 139 and 140: a limited number of the priests in
- Page 141 and 142: the possible layout of early Roman
- Page 143 and 144: the cattle would have been kept in
- Page 145 and 146: such a small or make-shift altar mi
- Page 147 and 148: and for taking over the duties asso
- Page 149 and 150: BCE.Finally, M. Aemilius Lepidus vo
- Page 151 and 152: this. 143 Some of the reasons why t
- Page 153 and 154: magistrate as a pre-formed committe
- Page 155 and 156: eligious system at Rome. This sugge
- Page 157 and 158: A later dialogue elucidates the div
- Page 159 and 160: ETTIOVTES, Tct 5E XOITTCX KQSEXCOUE
political and personal motivations which a magistrate might have for founding a colony.It is entirely possible that one or more of the magistrates chosen as colonialcommissioners introduced the proposal to establish or supplement the colony for which1 nthey were elected.Even though we can posit a basic procedure for passing the leges coloniae, theprovisions of these laws were not consistent over time, even within as short a period as338 to 169. For example, in the early third century, the task of creating commissionersfor Minturnae and Sinuessa (295) was given to the praetor, P. Sempronius, 18 as was thecase also for the supplements of Placentia and Cremona, when L. Aurunculeius (urbanpraetor 190) brought in the delegation from colonies and created the commissioners, 19and for Sipontum and Buxentum (supplemented in 186), for which the urban praetor wasalso assigned this task. 20Livy's account of the creation of the commissioners for ViboValentia and Copia (194-192) specifies that ea bina comitia Cn. Domitius praetorurbanus in Capitolio habuit, whereas the other passages merely suggest that an electionof the commissioners occurred (based on Livy's use of the verb creare). 22Sometimescolonization in general in the second century BCE. Perhaps this is true for the later second century, but it isan overstatement for the early part of the century.16 Gargola (1995), p. 52. See Chapter 2 (above, pp. 75 ff.) for a discussion of what sorts of personal andpolitical motivations Roman magistrates might have had for founding a colony.17 Cassola (1962), p. 427 n. 41 is cautious in the case of C. Flaminius, triumvir to found Aquileia, who mayhave been following his father's agrarian agenda in the region. Cassola asserts that there is no way to knowif the initiative to found the colony was his, but I think that it is possible and even likely.18 Livy 10.21.7-10.19 Livy 37.46.9-47.2.20 Livy 39.23.3-4.21 Livy 34.53.1-2.22 Livy also uses creare to describe the election of consuls and praetors at the beginning of each year, e.g.Livy 10.47.5, 34.42.3. According to the OLD (Glare ed., 2004 reprint) s.v. creo definition 5, the wordmeans either a) to appoint a magistrate (with a predicate accusative) or b) the verb applied to the magistrateholding the elections. With the exception of the commission for Cales, where tres uiros coloniaededucendae agroque diuidundo creauerunt K. Duillium T. Quinctium M. Fabium (Livy 8.16.14), wherever102