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without active engagement and assistance by the United States and other internationalactors to help them restructure their relationship in a more cooperative direction,including recognition of an international border and cooperative development of the tribalareas on either side. Any measure that lessens tension between India and Pakistan willalso contribute to stability in the area, although how to bring that about is beyond thescope of this report.Recommendations:• The administration should insist on the Pakistani government’s full cooperation inisolating and ending the neo-Taliban insurgency as part of a larger strategy thatoffers Pakistan benefits other than military equipment. In this component of thestrategy, Washington must push for the Pakistani government to arrest Talibanleaders whose locations are provided by U.S. and Afghan intelligence agencies;take aggressive measures to close down the networks supporting suicide bombersthat have been identified by those agencies; end public recruitment campaigns forthe Taliban and pro-Taliban speeches at government institutions, including thoseby former leaders of Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate; closetraining camps (e.g., in Mansehra, Miran Shah, and Shamshattu) for Taliban andtheir allies, including those camps for Kashmiri guerrillas where Taliban aretrained; and cut off housing and pension benefits to retired military andgovernment personnel engaged in supporting the Taliban. Until now theadministration has conveyed mixed messages: when spokesmen praiseMusharraf’s cooperation against al-Qaeda, they have given the impression thatending sanctuary for the Taliban is a lower priority. Both public and privatestatements must clarify that those engaged in violence in Afghanistan are equallythreatening to U.S. interests and therefore of equal importance to the UnitedStates.• The U.S. government must recognize that security in Afghanistan hinges ondemocratizing Pakistan. Military domination of the Pakistani state is the problem,not the solution. Elections will not democratize Pakistan as long as the militarycontinues to control state institutions. The United States needs to signal at a high13