Chapter 26 Outline I) Launching the New Deal A ... - PageOut

Chapter 26 OutlineI) Launching the New DealA) Restoring Confidencea) During FDR’s inauguration he assured the people that everything would be ok.b) Fire side chats(i) FDR would regularly go the radio and reassure the people that everythingwould be ok.c) Bank Holiday(i) On March 16 FDR closed the banks for four days until congress could meet inspecial session to consider banking reform legislation.(ii) Congress came up with Emergency Banking Act(1) Conservative bill that gave the treasury department inspection of all banksbefore they would be allowed to reopen.d) Economy Act(i)Gave people assurance that the federal government was in safe responsiblehands.B) Agricultural Adjustmenta) Agricultural adjustment act(i)It was made to reduce crop production to end agricultural surpluses and haltthe poor farm pricesb) AAA would help farmers out in paying them for not farming.(i) They mainly supported big farmers.c) The Supreme Court struck down the provisions of the Agricultural Act(i) Government had no constitutional authority to limit farm productionC) Industrial Recoverya) US Chamber of Commerce adopted ant deflation scheme to stabilize industry pricesb) National Recovery Act.(i) It protected workers from overwork(1) It provided a minimum wage and a limited work week.(ii) Gave workers the right to form unions.c) Hugh S Johnson(i) He wanted everyone to accept a temporary blanket code.(ii) Wanted to abolish child labor.d) Public Workers Administration(i) Put in place to administer the National Industrial Recovery Act’s spending.e) Roosevelt assigned a new board of directors for the NRA because industry productionstarted to declineD) Regional Planning.a) Tennessee Valley Authority.(i)Were responsible for building dams(1) Dams were also used to generate electricity and it was to be sold to the publicat a reasonable price.(2) Wanted to prevent floodsE) Currency, Banks, and the Stock Market

a) On April 18, 1933, Roosevelt made the shift off the gold standard official withexecutive order.b) The Glass Steagall Act(i) Gave the government the authority to curb bad speculation by banksc) Securities and Exchange commission was established to police the stock market.II)F) The Growth of Federal Relief.a) Federal Emergency Relief Administration(i) Provided cash grantes to states to prop up bankrupt relief agencies.b) Civeil Works Administration(i) Put almost 4 million people into temporary jobs.c) Civilian Conservation Corps(i) A relief project that helpe unemployed men find jobs by having them work ofbuilding parks and dams.The New Deal in TransitionA) Critics of the New Deal.a) Townsend Plan(i) A pension plan created by Dr. Francis E. Townsend(1) All Americans 60 and older would receive 200 dollars a month for a pension.(ii) Led to the social security planb) Huey Long(i) He was a senator for Louisiana who was against the new deal policies(ii) Wanted to use the Share our wealth program(1) It would use the tax system to confiscate the surplus riches of the wealthiestmen and women in America and distribute these surpluses to the rest of thepopulation.B) The Second New Deala) Roosevelt began to impose tax reforms.C) Labor Militancya) Workers began to take advantage of section 7(a)(i) Although they did it violently.b) Unions become joined together(i) Any company having to do with steel was in a steel union.D) Organizing Battlesa) Sit down strikes(i) The United Auto Workers union was the first to use this method.(ii) This enabled the company to use strike breakers.b) Every union was fighting to be recongnized by the big companies.c) By the end to 1937 8 million people were involved in unions.E) Social Securitya) Socially Security Act(i)(ii)It gave retired people moneyGave a system of unemployment insurance(1) People who did not work would get money from the governent for a limitedtimeF) New Directions in Relief

a) In 1935 Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration(i) It help create jobs for unemployed Americans.b) Many other agencies began to be established to help other unemployed people withdiffenent skills.G) The 1936 Referenduma) Roosevelt ran again for office and won overwhelmingly.III) The New Deal in DisarrayA) The Court Fighta) In 1936 FDR wanted to replace the six justices and put in six new liberal ones.B) Retrenchment and Recessiona) The recession was blamed on Roosevelt’s decision to ask the people to cut back onpublic spendingb) Fair Labor Standards Act(i) It established a minimum wage and a 40 hour work week.IV) Limits and Legacies of the New Deal.A) The Idea of the Broker State.a) It was New Deal liberals that established the Broker State(i) Instead of forging all elements of society into a single harmonious unit assome reformers had once hoped to do the real achievement of the New Deal wasto elevate and strengthen new interest groups so as to allow them to compete moreeffectively in the national marketplace.b) Later the Broker State was expanded to embrace other groupsB) African Americans and the New Deala) The New Deal did little to help blacks but it was kinder to them.b) The Black Cabinet(i)FDR had place some black people in certain political positions and got thenick name Black cabinet.c) FDR would not make poll taxes illegal or support Lynching as a federal crime.d) Although many of the government reform programs accepted blacks, they did nottreat them the same.C) The New Deal and the Indian Problema) John Collier(i)He was a social worker who became committed to Indians after someexposure to tribes in New Mexico.b) Indian Reorganization Act(i) Supported by John Collier(ii) It was an act that protected Indian culturalD) Women and the New Deal.a) Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins was the first woman appointed to a cabinetposition(i)She did not support equal sex rights because she was scared that that wouldthreaten the protective mechanisms that she had helped to established.b) FDR also appointed several other women to other key political positionsc) NRA practiced sexually discriminatory wage practicesE) The New Deal in the West and the South.a) Some state political leaders did not support the new deal

(i)In Colorado the leader did not support it and the people rioted and looted foodstores.b) Building dams and power sources was the most abundant job.c) Rural areas generally did not have electricity until the REA provided power lines.d) Americans believed that the South was backwardF) The New Deal and the National Economya) The New Deal did not really impact the economyb) It helped the small man challenge the large companiesc) Welfare was created through social security and other relief programsG) The New Deal and the American Politicsa) FDR established the presidency as a preeminent center of authorityb) The government had new expectations(i) People expected the government to take care of them and protect them

Chapter 26 SummaryAmerica had been suffering through the Great Depression since 1929; President FranklinD. Roosevelt launched the New Deal to get America out of the Depression. The first thing he hadto do was restore the people’s confidence in the nation’s government. His personality helped thepeople believe that he had the answer to the Depression, and even though he did not know theanswer himself. After his inauguration he started his plan, he closed all of the nation’s banks forfour days a “Bank Holiday”. This was in order to allow Congress could meet in special session toconsider banking-reform legislation. Three days later he sent the Emergency Banking Act, whichallowed big banks not to be dragged down by smaller ones. This act restored the nation’sconfidence in the banking system, this put an end to the immediate banking crisis. Alsofollowing his inauguration he repealed prohibition, which took effect in 1933. To solve theagricultural problems of the period Roosevelt established the Agricultural AdjustmentAdministration. The AAA told farmers how much farmers should produce, and how much oftheir land should remain idle. This also brought a rise in prices in farming goods, which created arise in farmer’s income after 1933. In order to conserve soil the government instituted the SoilConservation and Domestic Allotment Act, which they paid farmers to reduce production. Nextwas to fix the industrial crisis by forming the National Recovery Administration that wascontrolled by Hugh S. Johnson. This administration forced businesses to adhere to the new lawsincluding the abolition of child labor, fixed wages, and length of workdays. He assuredbusinesses that this would raise consumer purchase power and employment.The NRA guaranteed workers the rights to form and join unions. The NRA failed tocreate what it was designed to and in 1935 was shut down by the Supreme Court. Regionalplanning set up the Tennessee Valley Authority to help public development in America. Thisassociation was designed to provide the nation with cheap electricity by building a great damscreating hydroelectric power. The New Deal allowed Roosevelt to change the banking system byallowing the nations currency to be based on the belief in the countries government andeconomy. The Glass-Steagall Act allowed government to have authority over banks speculationand monitor it. Now the banks were controlled by the Federal Reserve Board in WashingtonD.C. instead of all the regional banks having control. Under the New Deal the stock marketwould now be monitored by the Security and Exchange Commission (June 1934) to make surethere would not be another crash in the future. To curb the unemployment Roosevelt created theFederal Emergency Relief Commission to help the nation.When it was realized that this was not enough he created the Civil Works Associationthat put more than four million back to work in less than a year. Another source of work createdwas the Civilian Conservation Corps in order to put the young men of America to work. Thisprogram was set up to create national parks, planting trees, developing parks, irrigation, andbuilding reservoirs. To allow people to get back on their feet the government allowed farmers toget back on their land to farm, and allowed people to refinance on their mortgages. Howeversuccessful the New Deal was there were critics that did not agree with Roosevelt’s plan.Opponents of Roosevelt formed the American Liberty League to arouse public opposition to theNew Deal. This group was never able to gain the support it needed other than northernindustrialists. Other opponent to the New Deal was Dr. Francis Townsend who with five millionsfollowers created the Townsend Plan. This plan was for the elderly to able to receive $200 amonth from the government if they remained retired, so jobs would free up for the youth ofAmerica. The plan made little success in Congress, but was the basis for the Social Security

system established later in 1935. Social Security was based as insurance not welfare in order forpeople to help have money when they retire. Another popular opponent to Roosevelt was SenatorHuey Long of Louisiana who criticized the New Deal. His plan was called the Share-Our-WealthPlan which late turned into his own society. The plan called for the government to tax the richestpeople in America and re-distribute the wealth to the people. An annual “homestead” of $2,500would be paid after the lump sum of $5,000 to the people of America. In response to all thecritics Roosevelt launched the so-called “Second New Deal” in 1935. This deal would shiftpublic attention from critics and other parties and re-reform the continuing economic crisis. Toget the publics attention from Long’s plan, Roosevelt instituted a “soak-the-rich” plan, in whichthe wealthiest would be taxed to be given to the public. This was the highest peacetime tax inAmerican history although its impact was limited. Another program was set up to fix the NIRAand Section 7A passed under the New Deal. The new plan was the Wagner Act, which wasdesigned for a board, the National Industrial Relations Board, to reorganize unions, and compelworkers to get with legitimate unions. Labor militancy grew during this period and unskilledworkers wanted all the workers to be in one union despite their skills, this was called IndustrialUnionism. Another union was formed call the Congress of Industrial Organization under theirpresident John L. Lewis. The United Auto Workers perfected a new concept the sit-down strikewhere workers would sit down and refuse to work or leave. This proved very effective becauseeventually management broke and gave in to their demands. Labor unions were growing and onMemorial Day in 1937 a group of strikers where marching (legally) and were opened fire uponby police killing ten strikers. In 1935 the Works Progress Administration was formed to continueto help people to find work (2.1 million). People would build roads, schools, bridges, airports,and government buildings this also pumped money into the economy. In 1936 Roosevelt was reelectedand won easily over Republican candidate Alf Landon of Kansas. After Roosevelt’sreelection he wanted to pack the government courts with more liberal view on America. Thescheme failed to work included appointing six new justices to the “overworked” court system.In the year of 1937 was known as the Roosevelt Recession due to the reduced amount ofspending the government did. Despite trying to fix this by the end of 1938 Roosevelt’s New Dealhad ended bringing America out of the Depression. The New Deal did little to assist African-Americans during this time period. Although the president himself appointed a “black cabinet”which members made sure that blacks were not excluded from the New Deal programs. Blackssupported Roosevelt because they knew he was not their enemy but he did little to help them andend discrimination. John Collier was appointed to fix the “Indian Problem” and in 1936 heproposed the Indian Reorganization Act, which allowed them to own their own land. Women andthe New Deal gained symbolic gains in positions in government. However the New Deal gavelittle opportunities for women to gain success or to receive jobs. The New Deal in the West andSouth helped them greatly, by giving them more funds than other regions. The New Deal failedto achieve national recovery in the American economy. Ultimately the New Deal gained greatsuccess in Social Security and Federal Relief programs for the future. With the New DealRoosevelt gave new expectations of the government to provide assistance to the Americanpeople.

Chapter 26 TableDiplomatic Economic Cultural• National Labor• “Bank Holiday” • Huey LongRelations Board • Agricultural• Share-Our-Wealth• Sit-down strikeAdjustmentSociety• 1936 “Referendum” Administration• Memorial Day• Establishment of the • National RecoveryMassacre“Broker State”System• Organized Labor’s• Public WorksRapid Growth• Second New Deal • Alf Landon• Works ProgressAdministration• Golden Age of ComicBooks (Heck yes!)(WPA)• End of the New Deal• Roosevelt Recession • Marian Anderson sang• Temporary NationalEconomic Committeeon the steps of LincolnMemorial• Fair Labor Standards • “Indian Problem”Act• Symbolic Gains forwomen• Prevailing GenderNorms Buttressed• Failure to challengeJim Crow• Federal WelfareestablishedPolitical• Franklin Roosevelt is inaugurated• The New Deal• Repeal of the 18 th AmendementSocial• Roosevelt’s “fire side chats”• Securities and ExchangeCommission

• Indian Reoganization Act• Glass-Steagall Act• Supreme Court invalidates NRA• Second New Deal• Supreme Court invalidatesAgricultural Adjustment Act• Sit down strikes• Electoral Realignment• Black Cabinet• Civil Works Administration (CWA)• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)• American Liberty League• Townsend Plan• Industrial Unionism• Congress of IndustrialOrganizations (CIO)• Sit-down strikes• Huey Long is assassinated• Unemployment insurance• Court PackingChapter 26 TermsAmerican Liberty league: It was a group formed to gain public opposition to the New Deal’s “dictatorial”policies and its supposed attacks on free enterprise. It was mostly comprised of conservative democratsand corporate leaders claiming there was too much regulation, taxation, and government spending.Popular Front: This method helped to enhance the reputation and influence of the Communist party aswell as creating political coalitions of all antifascist groups. The groups that were bonded together were theCommunist, Socialist, and Radical parties.Dr. Francis E. Townsend: An elderly physician rose to popularity with his federal pension for the elderly.According to his plan, all Americans, 60 and older, would get $200 monthly governmental pensions only ifthey retired and spent all the money each month.Social Security System: It provided coverage for elderly, poverty stricken, and especially those who wereworking who could then place money in the system while they worked. Furthermore, it created a pensionsystem for unemployed Americans.Father Charles E. Coughlin: Coughlin, a Catholic priest, was widely known for his nationally broadcastsermons over the radio in which he promoted his views as a fascist sympathizer. In addition, he alsosupported a change in the banking currency, such as remonetization of silver, distributing greenbacks, aswell as making the bank nationalized.

Senator Huey P. Long: He did not support utilities, banks, oil companies and was widely known for hispublic opposition of some of these trades. He even came to end some of the opponents’ careers. Althoughsome called him a dictator, he was well liked in Louisiana for his progress, building schools, roads, andhospitals, and was easily elected into the Senate.Holding Company Act: An act proposed by Roosevelt, designed to break up the great utility holdingcompanies. He spoke harshly of monopolistic control of their industry. The act, although against manyfurious utilities, limited its effect in the economy greatly.Soak the Rich Scheme: A series of tax reforms proposed by the president in 1935 that conservativescalled the “soak the rich” scheme. It was basically designed to establish the highest and most progressivepeacetime tax rates in history while the actual impact was limited.National Labor Relations Act: Also known as the Wagner act, gave workers an enforcement mechanismmissing from the law, a board known as the National Labor Relations Board that could get employers tounderstand and bargain with legitimate unions.Industrial unionism: This approach was supposed to place workers into a single union no matterwhat job or function these workers performed. This method would help workers to increase theirpower.John L. Lewis: Lewis, an industrial unionism supporter, attempted to unite the AFL and the United WineWorkers Association. However, these two groups did not get along. Therefore, he created the Committeeon Industrial Organization, but it was later expelled by the AFL, and Lewis renamed the committee theCongress Industrial Organizations. The CIO was established in 1936 and was organized to directly rivalthe AFL with Lewis as its first president.Congress of Industrial Organizations: The CIO was more welcoming to women and blacks and otherminorities, unlike the AFL. This group organized drives and targeted previously unorganized industrieswhere women and minorities would be the majority of the workforce. By 1936, the group had already beenassociated with major battles in the automobile and steel industries.Sit-Down Strike: A new type of strike workers developed in which they would sit down on the job,preventing the company from using strikebreakers. This tactic spread to more locations and finallyconsumed 17 General Motors plants. Ignoring court orders and local police efforts to force them out,strikers were finally given a reward by the General Motors Company when they became the first majormanufacturer to recognize the UAW, United Auto Workers union.“Memorial Day Massacre”: A group of strikers formed a picnic and demonstration with their families andfriends in South Chicago. However, when they attempted to march peacefully, ten demonstrators werekilled and 90 wounded when police opened fire on them. This strike failed, but it was just one of a few thatdid.Social Security Act:: This act was passed in 1935 and provided coverage for elderly, poverty stricken,and especially those who were working who could then place money in the system while they worked.Furthermore, it created a pension system for unemployed Americans.

“Insurance not Welfare”: Insurance not welfare was a system that the creators of the Social Security Actwanted to create. These programs were similar to insurance programs because they had contributionsfrom participants and benefits available to everyone.Works Progress Administration: The Works Progress Administration was similar to other civil worksadministrations in the fact that it developed a system of work relief for the unemployed. This program wasdesigned to fulfill long range goals.Federal Writers Project: This program was a group within the Works Progress Administration anddesigned to give unemployed writers a chance to do their work and receive a government salary.National Youth Administration: A program under the Workers Progress Administration that wasdesigned to give work and scholarship assistance to high school and college-aged men and women.National Referendum: A time in history when the Democrats won by a large percentage and theDemocrats increased their already large majorities in both houses of Congress.Union Party: A group in the 1936 Presidential election that received fewer than 900,000 votes. The partywas led by Father Charles E. Coughlin and Dr. Francis E. Townsend after the assassination of Huey Long.William Lemke was the presidential nominee and Thomas C. O’Brien was the vice president nominee.Party Realignment: A time when the party of the Democrats controlled a large group of the electorateconsisting of southern and western farmers who were poverty stricken and unemployed, the urban workingclass and the black communities of northern cities, in addition to the traditional progressives and newliberals. This realignment would force the Republican Party out of control of Congress for many years.Coalition: A group that constituted a substantial majority of the electorate. For example, the Democrats inthe 1936 election had support from western and southern farmers, urban working class, poor andunemployed, northern blacks and traditional progressives and committed new liberals.“Court Packing Plan”: A plan in which Roosevelt attempted to appoint six new justices to the SupremeCourt, claiming the courts were overworked. However, his real purpose was to give himself a chance toappoint new liberal justices and change the ideological balance of the court.This plan outraged many people, including Roosevelt supporters.Temporary National Economic Committee: The administration created because of Roosevelt’sdisapproval of monopolies and their power, was also encouraged by younger antimonopolist liberals. Thegroup had members from both houses of Congress and officials from several executive agencies. It spurpose was to examine the concentration of monopolies with an eye to major reforms in the antitrust laws.Fair Labor Standards Act: The act, the first of its kind, established a national minimum wage which was20 cents an hour and a 40-hour work week, also placing strict limits on child labor.

“Broker State”: The real achievement of The New Deal was to elevate and strengthen new groups andallow them to compete. However, reformers had once hoped to forge all elements of society into a singleunit.Marian Anderson: A Black female singer who was not allowed to give a concert in the auditorium of theDaughters of the American Revolution. However, Eleanor Roosevelt resigned from the organization andthen secured government permission for Marian Anderson to sing on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial.“Black Cabinet”: A group of second level position black workers appointed by Roosevelt who frequentlyconsulted with one another. Robert Weaver, William Hastie, and Mary McLeod Bethue were members ofthe cabinet.John Collier: A former social worker who became committed to the causes of Indians after exposure totribal cultures in the 1920s. He also believed in the idea of cultural relativism, an idea in which each cultureshould be respected on its own terms and no culture was better than another.Cultural Relativism: Cultural relativism is an idea in which each culture should be respected on its ownterms and no culture was better than another. This concept came into play with the Indians because manyAmericans had thought of them as savages for hundreds of years.Indian Reorganization Act: The act restored to the tribes the right to own land collectively. It increasedtribal land by nearly 4 million acres, as well as agricultural income. The act was also supposed to help theNative Americans to regain their own tribal self government.Frances Perkins: The first female cabinet member in national history was Frances Perkins, Secretary ofLabor, appointed by Roosevelt. She influenced many developments that occurred during the time such asthe Fair Labor Standards act, Civilian Conservation Corps, and the National Labor relations act.Hattie Caraway: The first woman ever elected to a full term in the U.S. Senate. Hattie Caraway wasappointed in 1934 as a Senator from Arkansas. She was a supporter of FDR’s New Deal as well as HueyLong’s Share our Wealth campaign.Grand Coulee Dam: Built on the Columbia River, this was the largest public works project in Americanhistory to that point. It provided cheap electric power for much of the northwest, in addition to creating abasis for economic development in the region.Bank Holiday: When FDR came into office he shut down all the banks for four days then reopened themwith a new bill in place to protect the people’s money. During the time the banks were closed they called itthe Bank Holiday.Emergency Banking Act: It was a bill that FDR sent to congress that was designed to protect the largerbanks from being dragged down by the weakness of smaller ones. FDR got the idea from Hoover.Radio President: FDR was considered the Radio President because he had a perfect radio voice thatallowed him to inspire and make the people believe in what it was he was saying.

Agricultural Adjustment Act: This act let the farmers basically get paid by the government for only doinghalf the work. The producers would decide how much the production of their crops should be. Then the billwould take affect and tell the individual farmer how much to grow and then the government would still paythe farmers for any cut backs they had to do.National Industrial Recovery Act: This act was important because it gave the right for workers to fromunions. It also set up a minimum wage and hours; clerical workers received forty hours a week whileindustrial workers received only thirty six. In addition to setting up minimum hours a week, the wage wasplaced at forty cents and hour.Public Works Administration: A group developed after the National Industrial Recovery Act to stabilizeand promote purchasing power. It was to administer the construction of various projects like dams, bridges,and housing developments.Schechter Decision: The Schechter brothers opposed a poultry business. The Court ruled unanimouslythat the Schechters were not engaged in interstate commerce and further that congress did not have theright to let the president write up the draft.Tennessee Valley Authority: A munitions factory set up by Roosevelt with the urging of George Norris.The factory quickly became a chemical plant which manufactured fertilizers as well as the hydro- electricplant. The dams under their control helped prevent floods as well as produce cheap electrical power.Glass-Steagall Ac: Acts such as this one helped the government authority over previously unregulated orpoorly regulated areas of the economy. It gave the government the authority to curb irresponsiblespeculation by banks. This led to the creation of the Federal Deposit Insurance which granted all bankdeposits up to $2,500.Truth in Securities Act: The purpose of this act was to protect stock market investors. It requiredcorporations issuing new securities to proved full and accurate information about them to the public.Federal Emergency Relief Administration: One of FDR’s first acts as president, the FERA provided cashgrants to states to prop up bankrupt relief agencies. FDR choose Henry Hopkins, who gave out the grantsquickly and far.Civilian Conservation Corps: The program’s purpose was to find jobs for young men ages 18 to 25.There were camps for this purpose set up all over the United States. Some of the jobs these menpreformed were planting trees, building parks, draining of swamps, stocking rivers with fish, and working onflood projects.Federal Housing Administration: It was put in place to insure that mortgages for new construction andhome repair.Second New Deal: FDR was unafraid of going after big companies and tearing them down. He alsoproposed several tax reforms, which help the economy, get better. The second new deal was specifically tohelp the middle man out of the crisis.

Dorothea Lange: Lange was a photographer of the Depression and throughout the recovery period.Photographers like Lange helped to give others an insight to what problems people were experiencing inother parts of the country. Her famous photo, Migrant Mother, touches the heart of any person because ofits realness.National Recovery Administration: Roosevelt appointed General Hugh S. Johnson to administer theNRA. His job consisted of organizing thousands of businesses with fair trade codes made by tradeassociations and industries.Chapter 26 EssaysQ1Thesis: The New Deal was ineffective in many ways, but it was also effective in other way that itdealt with the Great DepressionA. Didn’t End the Great Depressiona. By end of 1939,basic problems of Depression remained unsolvedI. The New Deal just Held to solve smaller problemsb. Left 15% of work force still unemployedI. Better than the 25% beforeii. Everyone needed a jobiii. Men had to leave their familiesc. Gross national product was no larger than 10 years beforeI. The U.S. was not making any progressii. did not solve the problemB. Some achievementsa. created many new broad outlines of politicsI. Everyone got a sayb. constructed foundations for federal welfare systemI. People worked on damsii. People worked on road constructionc. extended national regulation over new areas of the economyI. With more jobs’ economy grow

d. presided over the birth of the modern labor movementI. Now everyone wanted a jobii. There was a lot more jobse. made government a modern major force in the agricultural economyI. They stabilized the marketii. Bought all of the extra foodf. produced beginnings of a new liberal ideologyQ2THESIS: President Roosevelt and President Hoover were very different presidents. PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt was a liberal president in many ways. President Herbert C. Hoover was avery conservative president in many different waysA. Optimistic president NEW DEALa. Public unaware of him being paralyzedI. Friends with the reportersii. Gave them one on one attentioniii. Reporters respected himb. Used radio for “fireside chats”I. Many people had radiosii. Only way for people to know what was going onc. Tried and succeeded at alleviating growing despairB. Bold Billsa. “Bank Holiday”I. Emergency Banking Actii. Economy Actiii.b. Prohibition Repealed- first days in officeI. CCCii. NRAiii. Bank closerc. Agricultural adjustment

I. AAAii. Resettlement AdministrationQ3Thesis: Even with all of the shifts of the presidency during the twentieth century did notbring shifts in the domestic policy. This essay will compare President Theodore Roosevelt toPresident Woodrow Wilson and also compare President Franklin Roosevelt to President HerbertHoover.1. Roosevelt vs. WilsonA. Progressive vs. ConservationI. Roosevelt is progressivea. more liked by the peopleii. Wilson Conservativea. was not very acceptedB. Aggressive vs. passiveI. Roosevelt progressivea. he wanted to change things nowii. Wilson passivea. did not want to interfereC. iron-Fisted vs. moralI. Roosevelt Iron’s fista. He wants to change and did not let anything stop himii. Wilson morala. Let the people figure out themselves2.FDR vs. HooverA. no interaction with the public and the radioI. FDR used the radio

a. wanted the people to know what was going onii. Hoover did not do much to make a differenceB. there was no compromise between budget and a millioni. had an unstable economyii. FDR Changed it right when he took officea. pulled us out of the Great DepressionThesis: The reform movements of the Twentieth century were shown clearly andcontinuity in their goals and strategies.1. Progressive MovementA. Women votei. Finally getting rights like menii. More accepted in societyB. Attack on party rulesi. People standing up for themselvesC. TemperanceI. People wanted a changeD. Socialism / Communism2 New DealA. Work relief programsi. Gave jobs to peopleii. People started to make moneyiii. Started to pull us out of the depressionIV. Boosted the economya. more demand for goodsb. farming market stabilizedB. Broker StateI. Reassured the peopleC. Theirs was no completion in the recovery stagei. It was left to fix itselfD. Change in government structureQ4

I. FDR stepped ina. closed the banksb. had more paper money madec. installed many new cats and laws

Thesis: Socialist failed to become a major force in the United States of Americabetween 1900 and 1940 even despite the widespread dissatisfaction with the social andeconomic order and also the significant support of the radical movements during theperiod of 1900 and about 1940.1. Capitalism successA. founding of countryI. Put together by the founding fathersii. Still is alive todayB. eternal hopeI. Faith in godii. Live a better lifeiii. We were all made for a bigger and better purposeC. they keep on tryingI. wanted to be betterii. Everyone wanted to be rich2. the short coming of SocialismA. no support for the timber strikeI. Government did not want to get involved.ii. Tried to stay neutralB. Had no support for World War II. It was not our battleii. Too many people were dyingC. run by moderatesI. Everyone wanted to changeii. Forgot about the pasta. no one was using prior knowledgeD. red scareQ5

Q6Thesis: The Agriculture Adjustment Act, the Securities and ExchangeCommission, and Social Security was all attempts to fashion a more stable economy anda more equitable society during the time of the Great Depression.1. Agricultural Adjustment ActA. No more surplus of cropsI. Raising price of goods and farmsii. Helped farmers out of depressioniii. Stabilized the marketIV. Government bought all of the left over food2. Securities and Exchange CommissionA. Informed the publicI. stocksii. stock marketiii. InvestmentsIV. BondsB. people policed the stock marketI. Brought up confidenceii. They could see themselves making money3. Social SecurityA. Helped peopleI. minoritiesii. Elderlyiii. UnemployedIV. DisabledB. insuranceI. they got benefit’sii. People did not have to worry as much