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More oxford books @ www.OxfordeBook.comFore more urdu books visit www.4Urdu.com38THE EDUCATION OF AYN RAND, 1905–1943government would assume an active role in moderating and managingthe nation’s economy. Of course he wasn’t sure exactly just how. “Bold,persistent experimentation” was all that Roosevelt could promise. 68Rand voted for Roosevelt in 1932, drawn primarily by his promiseto end Prohibition, but as she struggled to sell We the Living heropinion changed. “My feeling for the New Deal is growing colder andcolder. In fact, it’s growing so cold that it’s coming to the boiling pointof hatred,” she wrote Gouverneur Morris’s wife, Ruth, in July 1936. Herdistaste for Roosevelt was cemented by her sense that he was somehow“pink.” She told Ruth, “You have no idea how radical and pro-SovietNew York is— particularly, as everyone admits, in the last three years.Perhaps Mr. Roosevelt had nothing to do with it, but it’s a funny coincidence,isn’t it?” 69 In a letter to John Temple Graves she moved closerto a conservative position. She agreed with Graves that “big business iscrushing individualism and that some form of protection against it isnecessary.” But she added, “The term ‘umpired individualism’ frightensme a little.” 70 Rand wondered just who the umpire would be.The 1936 election did little to reassure. Threatened by populist demagogueslike Huey Long and Father Coughlin, Roosevelt tacked hardto the left. During the campaign he pounded away at “economic royalists,”framing himself as the only responsible champion of the commonman. Roosevelt’s presidency set the terms of modern politics, establishingsuch institutions as Social Security, the Federal Deposit InsuranceCorporation, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the NationalLabor Board, the Federal Aviation Administration, and the FederalCommunications Commission. He was creating the basic outlines ofthe administrative state, securing both the livelihood of impoverishedAmericans and his own political fortunes. 71Rand watched all this with growing suspicion. The idea that governmenthad a “duty” to manage economic life reminded her of those soldierswho had taken over her father’s business. She was further unnervedby the radicals that seemed to swarm around Roosevelt and had wormedtheir way into the highest citadels of American intellectual and politicallife. Rand could see little difference between armed Communist revolutionand Roosevelt’s rapid expansion of the federal government. Sherailed against both. It was an opposition that quickened her pulse andfired her pen. A lifelong obsession with American politics had begun.