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More oxford books @ www.OxfordeBook.comFore more urdu books visit www.4Urdu.comNOTES TO PAGES 52–5930736. See AR to Knopf, June 24, 1938, and Knopf to Ann Watkins, October, 25, 1940,ARP 137–25F.37. Charles Peters, Five Days in Philadelphia: The Amazing “We Want Willkie!”Convention of 1940 and How It Freed FDR to Save the Western World (New York: PublicAffairs, 2005).38. Details on Willkie’s early career are from Erwin C. Hargrove, Prisoners of Myth:The Leadership of the Tennessee Valley Authority, 1933–1990 (Princeton, NJ: PrincetonUniversity Press, 1994), especially 46–47, and Steve Neal, Dark Horse: A Biography ofWendell Willkie (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1984).39. Charles Peters, “The Greatest Convention,” Washington Monthly 36, no. 7/8(2004): 16.40. Willkie is quoted in Neal, Dark Horse, 74; Biographical Interview 14, March 3,1961.41. Ayn Rand to Gerald Loeb, August 5, 1944, Letters, 154.42. Biographical Interview 10, January 1, 1961.43. Barbara Branden, The Passion of Ayn Rand (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1986), 161.44. Journals, 73.45. Biographical Interview 14.46. Isolationism is described in Justus Doenecke, Storm on the Horizon: The Challengeto American Intervention, 1939–1941 (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2000);Justus Doenecke and Mark A. Stoler, Debating Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Foreign Policies,1933–1945 (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005); Wayne S. Cole, Roosevelt andthe Isolationists, 1932–1945 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1983).47. Biographical interview 10.48. Biographical interview 14.49. Bill Kauffman, America First! Its History, Culture, and Politics (Amherst, MA:Prometheus Books, 1995), 18.50. “New Force?,” Time, December 23, 1940.51. Journals, 345, 347. First used during the Spanish Civil War, “fifth column” was afairly popular term for internal subversion at the time. See Ribuffo, The Old ChristianRight. Rand had also recently read a conservative screed about Communists in the UnitedStates, Joseph Kamp’s The Fifth Column in Washington! (New Haven, CT: ConstitutionalEducation League, 1940). Peikoff Library Collection, Ayn Rand Archives. Rand’s usage of“totalitarianism” rather than “collectivism” followed a similar shift in the public understandingof communism and fascism. See Benjamin L. Alpers, Dictators, Democracy, andAmerican Public Culture (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003). Thisequation of Russia and Germany occurred particularly among business leaders and incorporate publications. See Les K. Adler and Thomas G. Paterson, “Red Fascism: TheMerger of Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia in the American Image of Totalitarianism,1930s–1950s,” American Historical Review 75, no. 4 (1970): 1046–64. The bulk of Adler andPaterson’s sources for this discourse are business leaders and corporate publications,although they do not comment on this.52. Journals, 345.