Fore more urdu books visit www.4Urdu.com

More oxford books @ www.OxfordeBook.comFore more urdu books visit www.4Urdu.com294ESSAY ON SOURCESFortunately, primary source material on Rand’s life can be found in numerous othervenues. The Ayn Rand Papers at the Library of Congress include drafts, typescripts, andgalleys of Anthem, We the Living, and Atlas Shrugged and miscellaneous administrativematerial. The collection also contains seventy-two handwritten essays written between1971 and 1974 for the Ayn Rand Letter. Also at the Library of Congress, the WilliamRusher Papers contain material on the Rand-inflected young conservative movement.The Herbert Hoover Presidential Library in West Branch, Iowa, holds several importantcollections, including the papers of Isabel Paterson and Rose Wilder Lane, whichcontain extensive correspondence from Rand. Relevant items in the papers of WilliamMullendore can also be found here. Other important material is in the RothbardPapers at the Ludwig von Mises Institute, the Leonard Read papers at the Foundationfor Economic Education, the Sidney Hook papers at the Hoover Institution, StanfordUniversity, and the William F. Buckley papers at Yale University.Numerous primary source materials on Rand are also scattered among privateindividuals. Barbara Branden retains personal correspondence, sundry materials, andtranscripts of the interviews she conducted with Rand in the 1960s, as well as tapes ofinterviews used in her 1986 biography of Rand. A large swath of Rand’s papers was sold atauction by Barbara Branden and Robert Hessen in the mid-1980s. Some of this materialwas purchased by the Ayn Rand Estate, but the bulk was purchased by manuscript dealerswho have resold the individual pieces. More material undoubtedly lies in the atticsand basements of former Objectivists. Recordings of lectures by Rand, Peikoff, and theBrandens are also available through several Objectivist and libertarian organizations.The Objectivist community retains a strong sense of its own history and is a richsource of material on Rand’s cultural impact. The Objectivist Oral History Project, sponsoredby the Atlas Society, has interviewed many of the major players of Objectivismand sells DVDs of their interviews. The now defunct Full Context magazine for manyyears ran a series of interviews with former Objectivists that give a vivid picture of theObjectivist subculture.I also made use of unedited interview transcripts and edited video recordings ofnearly a hundred individuals who knew Ayn Rand. These interviews were either conductedby me, uncovered in archives, created by the Objectivist Oral History Project, orrecorded as part of a similar initiative at the Ayn Rand Institute. They contain the usualliabilities of oral history, that is, distorted memory and personal bias, but used in tandemwith archival documents they are an invaluable resource. A full listing of interviewsused is given in the bibliography.For research on the libertarian movement that grew out of Rand’s ideas, the bestsources are archival collections at the University of Virginia and Stanford University’sHoover Institution. The University of Virginia holds a large but as yet largely unprocessedaccession from Roger MacBride, Rose Wilder Lane’s heir and the second LibertarianParty presidential candidate. At the Hoover Institution the papers of Williamson Evers,Patrick Dowd, Roy Childs, and David Walter illuminate early libertarianism. Material ofinterest can also be found in the Gordon Hall and Grace Hoag Collection of Dissentingand Extremist Printed Propaganda, John Hay Library, Brown University, and the WilliamRusher Papers at the Library of Congress.