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More oxford books @ www.OxfordeBook.comFore more urdu books visit www.4Urdu.com256LEGACIESmicrophone and announced to the assembly that any person had a rightto defend himself against violence, including state violence. Then “heraised a card, touched it with a flame from a cigarette lighter, and lifted itover his head while it burned freely into a curling black ash.” 22 The symbolof YAF, a hand holding the torch of liberty, had been deftly satirizedand openly mocked.After a few moments of shocked silence, pandemonium erupted onthe convention floor. “Kill the commies” yelled the patriotic majority.Amid shouts, shoving, and fisticuffs, the traitorous facsimile draft cardburners were ejected from the convention floor. Around three hundredof their ideological brethren followed the rebels out of the convention,and out of Young Americans for Freedom. A chasm now separated thelibertarians and the traditionalists. By the end of the year a substantialnumber of YAF chapters had either left the organization or had theircharters rescinded. California alone lost twenty-four chapters. 23This libertarian secession was the culmination of a dynamic that hadplagued modern American conservatism since its emergence earlier inthe century. Postwar conservatives had crafted a careful synthetic ideologywith a productive contradiction at its core: the tension between freemarket capitalism and cultural traditionalism. Clashes over the balanceof power had broken out regularly ever since, with Rand’s excommunicationby National Review among the most prominent. The culturalupheavals of the late 1960s were a watershed, for they made stark thedifference between laissez-faire libertarians and tradition-bound conservatives.Taking inspiration from the revolutionary language of theNew Left, libertarians finally had enough confidence and strength toidentify themselves as a distinct political movement. They were no longerconservatives, but following in Rand’s footsteps they would remainpart of the right.Immediately after the convention Murray Rothbard and his newcomrade Karl Hess attempted to pull the exodus of libertarians tothe left, but it was Rand who emerged as a more decisive influence.Rothbard’s call for a pan-ideological movement was soundly rejectedby Libertarian Caucus organizers. In an open letter to Rothbard distributedin St. Louis, Don Ernsberger scoffed at Rothbard’s “small groupin New York” and told him, “Join the Left if you will Dr. Rothbard, butdon’t try to hand us that crap about the forces of freedom being there.