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More oxford books @ www.OxfordeBook.comFore more urdu books visit www.4Urdu.com252LEGACIESin ethics there are only two sides to any question—the good and theevil—so too are there only two logical sides to the political questionof the state: either you are for it, or you are against it.” 13 Describing theorigin of radical libertarianism and the new anarcho-capitalism, JeromeTuccille called Atlas Shrugged “the seeds of this latest eruption.” 14 Evenmore tellingly, he titled his memoir of libertarian activism It UsuallyBegins with Ayn Rand.To some degree, Rand was proud of her role as an intellectual counterpointto the New Left. In the first Objectivist published after her breakwith Nathan she praised a group at Brooklyn College, the Committeeagainst Student Terrorism, for protesting a leftist rebellion with a leafletthat “condemned the violence, named the philosophical issues involved,and demonstrated that the antidote to the problem was to be found inthe works of Ayn Rand and the literature of the Objectivist philosophy.”15 At the same time, she emphasized that students of Objectivism“cannot be and must not attempt to be the theoreticians of the subjectthey are studying.” She repeated a guideline from two years earlier: “Itis our job to tell people what Objectivism is, it is your job to tell themthat it is.” Such limited horizons did little to satisfy right-wing students,particularly those chafing with enthusiasm for anarchism.The demise of NBI, if anything, accelerated the transformation ofObjectivism into a bona fide movement, rife with competing schools whoall cited Rand in support of their position. Anarchists were challengedby “minarchists,” supporters of a minimal state, who closely followedRand’s arguments about government in “The Nature of Government,”an essay from The Virtue of Selfishness. In this essay Rand argued thatgovernment performs a vital social function by “placing the retaliatoryuse of physical force under objective control—i.e., under objectivelydefined laws” (italics in original). Governments permited individualsto live in peace and to form long-term contracts, knowing they wouldbe objectively enforced. Rand was adamant that anarchism, “which isbefuddling some of the younger advocates of freedom,” could not work.To claim that man could live without a state was naïve, she insisted.Even a society of completely rational and moral men would still require“objective laws” and “an arbiter for honest disagreements among men.”Nonetheless, both sides of the anarchist-minarchist debate insisted onlythey understood the true implications of Rand’s political philosophy. 16