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More oxford books @ www.OxfordeBook.comFore more urdu books visit www.4Urdu.comLOVE IS EXCEPTION MAKING 225values; to deem her unattractive was to reject her on the deepest level.Yet Nathan was still an Objectivist, still considered Rand a genius. Hecould find no way to reconcile his esteem for Rand with the seemingcontradiction that he no longer wished to be her lover. Even worse, howcould he value the young and winsome Patrecia over her? What did thatsay about him?Nathan’s problems were compounded by his development of Objectivistpsychology, which denied the autonomy and importance of emotions.Working with the base materials of Rand’s novels, Nathanconstructed an airtight model of the psyche that downgraded emotionsto a subordinate position. Rand trumpeted her distrust of emotion inalmost all her writing. In For the New Intellectual she declared, “Emotionsare not tools of cognition,” a statement that would resurface repeatedlyin all Objectivist writing. To Rand an emotion “tells you nothing aboutreality” and could never be “proof” of anything. In his radio speech Galtdeclares, “Any emotion that clashes with your reason, any emotion thatyou cannot explain or control, is only the carcass of that stale thinkingwhich you forbade your mind to revise.” 25 It was Rand’s loss that her primaryintellectual collaborator did little to broaden her outlook, shakeher loose from her inherent emotional repression, or introduce her tothe teachings of modern psychology. Instead, captive to Rand’s mindsince meeting her almost twenty years before at age nineteen, Nathanpushed her philosophical ideas into the realm of psychology, with devastatingresults.Nathan saw Objectivism’s deviation from the accumulated wisdom ofpsychology as evidence of pathbreaking innovation, rather than a denialof widely recognized human truth. Unlike all other schools of psychology,Branden boasted, Objectivism did not “regard desires and emotionsas irreducible primaries, as the given.” Rather, emotions sprangfrom thought and “are the product of the thinking [a man] has doneor has failed to do.” 26 Therefore, the way to handle painful or unpleasantemotions was to uncover and change the thinking that had createdthem. Objectivist psychotherapy was not unusual in its rational investigationof emotional patterns. What made Nathan’s form of therapytruly destructive was its emphasis on judgment, another inheritancefrom Rand. The emotions that Objectivist therapy uncovered were to bejudged and changed rather than accepted and understood. Objectivist