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More oxford books @ www.OxfordeBook.comFore more urdu books visit www.4Urdu.com220WHO IS JOHN GALT? 1957–1968the satisfaction of economic wants as the dominant mission of society.” 13This idea was anathema to conservatives because it could provide a justificationfor altering the outcomes of market capitalism. Conservativesinstead wanted to shift emphasis to the more abstract, “spiritual” sideof human nature. Although she was an atheist, Rand’s ideas followedthe same dynamic, for she too was untroubled by the idea of “economicwants” going unsatisfied. Indeed, Rand understood society as simply afunction of its dominant ideas.Rand’s essay on the New Left did, however, come back to earth longenough to urge clear-headed action against the philosophically misguided.She told readers, “The first step is to make oneself heard, onthe campus and outside. There are many civilized ways to do it: protestmeetings, speeches, pamphlets, letters-to-editors.” The key was thatstudents must “fight intellectually, on moral-intellectual grounds,” since“ideas cannot be fought except by means of better ideas.” 14 She encouraged“civilized” protest to highlight the violent and coercive nature ofthe protestors. Her followers threw themselves eagerly into the campusfray. Columbia University, a hotbed of left protest, was also home to oneof the most dedicated Objectivist organizations, the Committee for theDefense of Property Rights. A photo in the Columbia Owl captured wellthe Objectivists’ mission: two serious young men with neat hair, shavenfaces, ties, and overcoats stand proudly over a chair with a large bannerdeclaring “Abolish SDS.” 15The antiwar protests were the perfect chance for Objectivists to practicewhat they preached, and they eagerly presented themselves as a loneoutpost of order and rationality in a sea of mysticism and irrationality.For all Rand’s criticism of American universities, student Objectivistswere still eager to defend the university’s academic mission. A studentat Washington University wrote, “The students and faculty are here ona voluntary contractual basis to learn and teach (or engage in research),respectively. We are not here to run the university.” 16 The Committeefor Defense of Property Rights claimed it was formed “to work for thenonviolent atmosphere which scholarly progress requires” and warnedthat Columbia, “a center of learning,” was endangered by “a handfulof drugged, bearded Brown Shirts.” 17 Objectivist protestors revealedtheir essential orientation toward studying, learning, and personaladvancement. Objectivists were excited by ideas, not political programs