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More oxford books @ www.OxfordeBook.comFore more urdu books visit www.4Urdu.comLOVE IS EXCEPTION MAKING 219the very idea of it infuriated Rand. But some students saw anarchism asthe logical next step after Objectivism. Others, infatuated with Rand’sidea of a capitalist utopia, hatched elaborate plans for a new libertarianAtlantis. A truly free market society could be founded in uninhabitedlands or even established on offshore floating platforms, they believed.Rand found these schemes ludicrous.She was more troubled by the New Left. Leftist campus activism hadstarted small, with a few dedicated students protesting against mandatoryanti-Communist loyalty oaths for faculty. It gathered steam in tandemwith the Civil Rights movement. Soon the locus of concern shiftedto students themselves, their rights on campus, their place within theuniversity structure. Later the Vietnam War and the draft would becomecentral issues. Rand made her clearest statement against the New Left ina 1965 essay directed at UC Berkeley’s Free Speech movement, “CashingIn: The Student Rebellion.” Characteristically, she blamed Berkeley’stroubles on modern philosophy. According to her, “the man mostresponsible for the present state of the world” was Immanuel Kant,whom she identified as the spiritual “father” of Berkeley’s student rebelleader, Mario Savio. Rand’s invocation of the villainous Kant was oneaspect of Objectivism’s kooky side. Yet it was also a source of its appeal,for the demonization of Kant spoke to Objectivism’s earnest intellectualismand deep reverence for the power of ideas.Rand’s focus on the philosophical roots of the campus disturbancesalso highlighted a basic theoretical difference between left and right.Unlike their counterparts on the left, Objectivists saw the problems ofsociety in entirely abstract terms. The left certainly had theorists analogousto Rand, namely Herbert Marcuse and Jean-Paul Sartre. But studentson the left tended to see injustice as firmly embedded in the materialworld, be it racism, sexism, militarism, or class oppression. Conversely,contrast Rand and her followers identified the ills of the world in purelyphilosophical terms. This was a tendency that permeated the rightmore broadly. Conservatives had long believed that “ideas have consequences,”as the title of Richard Weaver’s 1948 book put it. Similarly, inThe Conscience of a Conservative Barry Goldwater identified a critical distinctionbetween left and right: “Conservatives take account of the wholeman, while the Liberals tend to look only at the material side of man’snature. . . . In the name of a concern for ‘human beings’ [liberals] regard