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More oxford books @ www.OxfordeBook.comFore more urdu books visit www.4Urdu.com206WHO IS JOHN GALT? 1957–1968Rand understood his action differently because she shared his individualisticperspective on rights and his belief that private property wassacrosanct. Unlike Goldwater, Rand was unimpressed with the doctrineof state’s rights, which “pertains to the division of power betweenlocal and national authorities. . . . It does not grant to state governmentsan unlimited, arbitrary power over its citizens.” But she was equallyappalled by the act’s clauses II and VII, which forbade discriminationin public accommodations and employment. If the act passed it wouldbe the “worst breach of property rights in the sorry record of Americanhistory,” she wrote. Early civil rights activists who struggled against government-enforcedsegregation drew Rand’s approval. Now she criticized“Negro leaders” for forfeiting their moral case against discrimination by“demanding special race privileges.” Rand considered race a collectivistfiction, a peripheral category to be subsumed into her larger philosophy.Her rendering of American history did not ignore race, but neatlyslotted it into her larger vision of capitalism. Slavery simply proved herpoint about the country’s “mixed economy,” and the Civil War demonstratedthe superiority of the capitalistic North against “the agrarianfeudalSouth.” 42In the pages of The Objectivist Newsletter Rand vigorously defendedGoldwater against the widespread perception that he represented “theRadical Right,” a dangerous fringe element said to be imperiling Americandemocracy. The charges stemmed from Goldwater’s popularity amongmembers of the John Birch Society (JBS), a secretive anti-Communistgroup. Members and the group’s founder, the candy manufacturerRobert Welch, tended to anti-Semitism and bizarre conspiracy theories.In a much ballyhooed comment Welch once told supporters he believedDwight Eisenhower to be a Communist agent. Members of the society,which kept its roster confidential, were found in every segment of thepolitical right. But its oddities, once uncovered by the mass media, werefast making the JBS a political hot potato. Richard Nixon denouncedthe group in 1962 while running for governor of California. It was amove intended to advance his appeal among moderates, but instead itcost Nixon a sizable chunk of his base and he lost the election. Goldwaterwas unwilling to take such a step, for he understood how vital the JBSwas to his campaign. Society members were as common among adultvolunteers as Objectivists were among his campus following. Goldwater