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More oxford books @ www.OxfordeBook.comFore more urdu books visit www.4Urdu.com190 WHO IS JOHN GALT? 1957–1968At first look Objectivism may appear a freakish outgrowth of theturbulent 1960s, but it had significant parallels in American history.Nearly a century before, similar reading clubs and political activismhad sprung up around Edward Bellamy’s Looking Backward, a bookuncannily similar to Atlas Shrugged, if diametrically opposite politically.Bellamy’s futuristic book, written in 1887 but set in 2000, imagined abemused time traveler awakening in a socialist utopia and marveling atthe rampant selfishness and greed that had characterized his own time.In Bellamy’s most famous metaphor, a character describes late Victoriansociety as a carriage pulled by toiling masses, on top of which decadentcapitalists live a life of luxury and ease. Inspired by Bellamy’s vision of aplanned, egalitarian society, organizations sprang up across the countryto advocate for his plans. 3 Now, similarly enraptured by Rand’s utopia,came forth a new cohort of well-educated, affluent reformers, this timeeager to defend the carriage-pulling capitalists against the mob whorode atop their effort.Rand made her network television debut in 1960, appearing on MikeWallace’s celebrated interview show. Her dark eyes flashing, she refusedto be intimidated by the liberal Wallace and expertly parried his everyquestion and critique. Her performance caught the eye of Senator BarryGoldwater, who wrote Rand a letter thanking her for defending his “conservativeposition.” Rand had not mentioned the senator by name, buthe immediately recognized the similarity between their views. Goldwatertold Rand, “I have enjoyed very few books in my life as much as I haveyours, Atlas Shrugged.” He enclosed an autographed copy of his newbook, the best-selling Conscience of a Conservative. Shortly thereafterthe two met briefly in New York. Rand followed up this encounter witha lengthy letter urging Goldwater to support capitalism through reasonalone. 4 Although she considered him the most promising politician inthe country, Rand was distressed by Goldwater’s frequent allusions toreligion. The Conscience of a Conservative had been written primarilyby L. Brent Bozell, William F. Buckley’s brother-in-law, and accordinglyreflected the fusionist consensus of National Review.In her letter to Goldwater Rand hammered on the need to separatereligion and politics, a theme that would animate her for decades. She