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More oxford books @ www.OxfordeBook.comFore more urdu books visit www.4Urdu.com160FROM NOVELIST TO PHILOSOPHER, 1944–1957emotionalist would be a rationalist, whose emotions would always beexplicable and on the surface. Rand began defining various membersof the Collective by their psychology, and she scribbled an excited noteto Nathan after a series of musings on emotionalists, rationalists, subbasement,and superstructure: “My stomach (and brain) is screamingthat this is the right track. . . . I am sure that the role of psychology is todiscover, identify, and then be able to cure all the essential ‘epistemological’errors possible to a human consciousness.” 59 Psychology offeredRand yet another way to apply Objectivist principles to daily life.Her changing language also indicated the growing authority sheaccorded Leonard Peikoff as his studies in philosophy continued. Rand’svocabulary now included technical terms such as “epistemology” and“metaphysical,” to which she often appended her own prefixes, creatingneologisms like “psycho-epistemology.” It was a sharp departure fromher previous interests. In place of writers like Paterson, Lane, and Mises,who worked within an established intellectual tradition and drew on arich social context, Rand’s ideas now came from young men who citedher as their primary inspiration. She was no longer working with termsor concepts that were accessible to outsiders, but instead lived in anObjectivist echo chamber. She read little beyond a daily newspaper, preferringconversation with her associates. She had turned a corner intoher own private intellectual world.Rand was now unreachable by anyone but the Collective. At Nathan’surging she had stepped out of the conservative movement at its mostcritical hour. In these years came the founding of National Review, therejuvenation of The Freeman, the rise and fall of Senator McCarthy. Randwas disconnected from all these events. Occasionally she saw one of herfriends from earlier years, but the Brandens and their circle occupiedthe bulk of her free time. Whereas The Fountainhead and Rand’s firstideas for Atlas Shrugged had been shaped by Rand’s immersion in thelibertarian world of the 1940s, Objectivism was shaped by the concernsand interests of the Collective. They were with her to celebrate when shewrote the last pages of Galt’s speech in the fall of 1956, and were the onlyones who understood its significance to her.With Galt’s speech finally finished, Rand could relax at last, and socould her three closest friends. The rest of the writing flowed. Barbara’sanxiety abated, her panic attacks fading as fast as they had come on.