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More oxford books @ www.OxfordeBook.comFore more urdu books visit www.4Urdu.com104FROM NOVELIST TO PHILOSOPHER, 1944–1957Director had assembled a critical mass of free market thinkers at theuniversity. Hayek’s arrival marked a high point in this campaign, eventhough he was rejected by the Economics Department and insteadlanded at the Committee for Social Thought, with a salary paid by theVolker Fund. Regardless of how he got there, once at Chicago Hayekquickly expanded on the earlier efforts of Knight and Director andhelped transform the university into a powerhouse of market economics.11 His most successful venture was the Mont Pelerin Society, an internationalsociety of economists he launched in 1947. Hayek drew on thesame pool of conservative businessmen that Read and Mullendore firsttargeted with Pamphleteers, shaping an organization that bridged theworlds of commerce and academia.Rand cast a gimlet eye on Hayek. In a letter to Rose Wilder Lane, alibertarian book reviewer, she called him “pure poison” and “an exampleof our most pernicious enemy.” The problem was that Hayek wasconsidered conservative, yet acknowledged there could be an importantrole for government-sponsored health care, unemployment insurance,and a minimum wage. “Here is where the whole case is given away,”Rand noted in her copy of The Road to Serfdom. Addressing Lane, shecompared him to Communist “middle of the roaders” who were mosteffective as propagandists because they were not seen as Communists. 12Rand’s reaction to Hayek illuminates an important difference betweenher libertarianism and the classical liberal tradition that Hayek represented.Although the two terms are sometimes used interchangeably,classical liberals generally have a more capacious concept of the minimalstate than do libertarians. Socialistic central planning and state ownershipof economic enterprises overstep the line of permissible action, butup to that point classical liberals can be comfortable with a range ofstate action. Hayek himself remained a controversial figure on the rightprecisely because even his admirers thought he went too far in acceptingan active government. In this respect Rand’s critique of Hayek was notunique, but it fixed her on the far right of the libertarian spectrum. 13The rest of Rand’s attack on Hayek was distinctive. “The man is anass, with no conception of a free society at all,” she scribbled in the marginof his best-seller. She assaulted Hayek on multiple fronts. She reactedangrily whenever he discussed how competition or societies might beguided or planned, or when he spoke favorably of any government