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More oxford books @ www.OxfordeBook.comFore more urdu books visit www.4Urdu.comINDIVIDUALISTS OF THE WORLD, UNITE! 61The result was Rand’s thirty-two-page “Manifesto of Individualism,”the first full statement of her political and philosophical beliefs. Pollockwanted something much shorter, but once she got going Rand couldn’tstop. She spent an entire weekend pounding out an essay that would“present the whole groundwork of our ‘Party Line’ and be a basic document,such as the Communist Manifesto was on the other side.” 56 In contrastto her novel, the “Manifesto” had practically written itself.Rand’s version of the Communist Manifesto bore the hallmarks ofher later work. It was an all-encompassing vision that included a statementof rights, a theory of history and of social classes, and keen attentionto human psychology. It was a first pass through many of the ideasshe would later flesh out in both her fiction and her nonfiction. Therewere some critical differences, both in content and in tone. Rand wasmore expository and more nuanced in this first statement than shewould be in her published work. Most significantly, she did not includereason as an important part of individualism, and she used the word“altruism” only twice. But many other features of her mature thoughtwere there. 57The base of Rand’s individualism was a natural rights theory derivedfrom the Declaration of Independence. Each man had the right to life,liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, and these rights were “the unconditional,personal, private, individual possession of each man, grantedto him by the fact of his birth and requiring no other sanction.” Therole of society, and its only purpose, is to ensure these individual rightsRand explained. Next Rand set up a dyad of opposing concepts, contrastingTotalitarianism to Individualism. Totalitarianism was definedby one basic idea, “that the state is superior to the individual.” Its onlyopposite and greatest enemy was Individualism, which was the basicprinciple of natural rights. Individualism was the only ground on whichmen could live together in decency. As such, the doctrine of an absolute“common good” was “utterly evil” and “must always be limited by thebasic, inalienable rights of the Individual.” 58From there she moved quickly to divide society into two realms,the Political Sphere and the Creative Sphere. The creative sphere is therealm of all productive activity, and it belongs to “single individuals.”Rand stressed repeatedly that creation was an individual, not a collectiveprocess. Making an analogy to childbirth, she argued, “[A]ll birth