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More oxford books @ www.OxfordeBook.comFore more urdu books visit www.4Urdu.com54THE EDUCATION OF AYN RAND, 1905–1943In a season of lackluster candidates, however, Willkie was popularenough to briefly unite a powerful faction of Republicans behindhis candidacy. He was championed by the cosmopolitan East CoastRepublicans, who valued his business experience and progressive opennessto involvement in world affairs. Rallying behind Willkie they choseto overlook the unfortunate reality that only a year before their standardbearer had been a registered Democrat. This fact outraged the RepublicanOld Guard, the Party’s isolationist wing. They saw Willkie as a tool ofeastern moneyed interests who would drag them into the Europeanwar. Willkie thus presided uneasily over a deeply divided party that wasmomentarily united by their hunger for victory over Roosevelt.Characteristically, Rand’s take on Willkie’s campaign was idiosyncratic.Willkie is remembered for his optimistic internationalism, typifiedby his postwar best-seller One World, and his willingness to presenta united front with Roosevelt on aid to Europe during the presidentialcampaign. Rand, however, focused almost entirely on Willkie’s defenseof capitalism. To be sure, this was a part of Willkie’s persona. In 1940 hetold a campaign audience, “I’m in business and proud of it. Nobody canmake me soft-pedal any fact in my business career. After all, business isour way of life, our achievement, our glory.” Rand appreciated how heframed his opposition to the New Deal as a “very forthright ideological,intellectual, moral issue.” 40 She saw him as a fellow crusader for individualism.She also mistakenly believed he was a populist candidate whowas beloved by the masses.Genial, upbeat, and hopelessly green, Willkie was no match for theRoosevelt juggernaut. He lacked the killer instinct necessary to unseatan incumbent running for his third term. Genuinely concerned aboutthe gathering hostilities in Europe, he acceded to Roosevelt’s entreatythat he not take a public stance against Lend-Lease, a policy controversialwith isolationists. Deprived of the one substantive issue that mighthave contrasted him sharply with Roosevelt, Willkie struggled to definehimself. Instead, with a few broad strokes, Roosevelt painted him as atool of big business and the rich.Such stereotyping did little to discourage Rand; in fact it had theopposite result. Convinced for the first time that domestic politics trulymattered, she and Frank signed on with the New York City branch ofthe Willkie Club, a network of volunteer organizations that was vital to