“T<strong>here</strong> are many pimps that when you have paid the debt they tell you «nowyou have to find your own money to do something in Nigeria», t<strong>here</strong> are those thathelp these girls, that take money to the country, who help the girls buy a house inthe country” (Interview Victim No.9).From the interviews undertaken with the Law Enforcement operators onededuces that, mainly for these characteristics, the probatory ascertaining the crimeof exploitation is more complex. At the superficial level it would appear that thevictims are in agreement and, even being able, they do not rebel, even if placedunder heavy forms of control, not immediately perceptible by those who do notshare the culture and the Nigerian mentality.The fact that the madam, (inasmuch as being a woman, and often previously aprostitute) knows perfectly what involves, at physical and psychological level, alife on the street and prostituting oneself, make conditions of constriction andexploitation a more acceptable to some of the victims.“If a woman tells you to go on the street you accept because she is like you, shehas already done so. But if it is a man you would say «make a cut on the stomachand you go!» You respect them because at least they know what they are talkingabout” (Interview Victim No.5).Further the move up made by some madams from victims to exploitersrepresents for many girls a real prospective to look upon with favour.From some witnesses it emerges that t<strong>here</strong> is a different vision which wouldtend to prefer men as exploiters as they are less interested in this type of activityand t<strong>here</strong>fore less demanding.“T<strong>here</strong> are also men who are pimps, but t<strong>here</strong> are not many like the Albanians.But the men are better. It is better to have a man as a pimp, many men if you pay abit, then they let you free, instead with the women you have to pay all. But themajor number are women, men do not like to do this, send a girl on the street andwork for them” (Interview Victim No.9).Generally, however, the men have other roles inside the organisation and evenin the case w<strong>here</strong> they have bought some girls, it is nearly always a woman whohas the responsibility to control and collect the money earned on their behalf. Onlyin the case w<strong>here</strong> the madam has a problem with the law and is obliged to leaveItaly does a fiancé enter on the scene, a friend of this woman with the duty ofcontinuing her work.These persons, often present in the houses w<strong>here</strong> the girls live, are described bythe latter as doing nothing, being maintained. Rarely they are in charge of themanagement with the madam, while t<strong>here</strong> exists other male figures controlling andcarrying out, if necessary, physical violence.Often the state of complete subjection and dependence imposed by the madamis difficult to accept, especially for those who have chosen to come to Italy toprostitute themselves and find they have to work in conditions of slavery. Whatemerges from the testimony is that what weighs upon them all is not to have thepossibility to start immediately to earn for oneself, but is having to give all theirown earnings without having anything in exchange.
“For me it was sad to see that I went to work and she remained <strong>here</strong> to sleep, Icame back in the morning, I was not at ease. If I had to work for myself, alright,but not that I had to give all to you” (Interview Victim No.4).For this reason, t<strong>here</strong> are cases of rebellion, even if not frequent, on the part ofthe victims, but above all t<strong>here</strong> are frequent fights with the madam who, insituations of difficult management, can decide to re-sell those who create problems.The girl to be placed is called in slang “fish” or you speak about “fabric”, “bigfish” or “lovely fabric” if she is a particularly beautiful girl and t<strong>here</strong>fore moreexpensive, but who promises major possibilities of earning.From the accounts of the victims the buying/selling takes place through anetwork of people known by the madam. When the girl must be sold, reciprocalvisits take place, during which the victim is observed and evaluated.. The girlsjudged “too lively” are very difficult to place, from the moment that no one wantsto have problems with the management of her “business”. On the other extreme butequally difficult to sell, are those that are too naive, who according to the madamare the first that denounce because incapable of pretending in front of the police.Areas and forms of controlThe isolation in which the victims find themselves living depends on the strictcontrol exercised on them by the madam through certain people (normally these aremen) appointed for this task. The control is expressed in many aspects of behaviourand relations and assumes different forms.
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TRAFFICKINGOF NIGERIAN GIRLSTO ITAL
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F O R E W O R D1. Objectives and st
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and who have identified the most si
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on the other hand, for those involv
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Case files analysed: Preventive det
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Table 2 - Socio-economic situation
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Table 3 - Nigerian citizens regular
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Table 5 - Social protection permiss
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Table 7 - Number of persons charged
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Table 8 - Detainee population sub-d
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and the United States enables this
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C H A P T E R IW a y s a n d p h a
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Figure No.2 - Edo State.It is not c
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- Page 33 and 34: In this variegated framework, the d
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- Page 41 and 42: In the first years of the traffic o
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- Page 53 and 54: Then he sends her in a taxi to the
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- Page 57 and 58: detainees go towards the refectory,
- Page 59 and 60: At this point the organisation esco
- Page 61 and 62: was accepted by the Ivory Coast pol
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- Page 74 and 75: have no shop and then there is no p
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- Page 88 and 89: Control between psychological subje
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Numerous are the criminal juridical
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If the accused claims to not knowin
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sanctions, sometimes, also in prese
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d) Investigative and judiciary co-o
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The reform foresees, under Art. 1,
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which the woman can definitively tu
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witnesses, social operators - agree
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and necessary, therefore, to think
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in many cases they are driven to th
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Melossi, D., (2002), “Le teorie s