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here - Cooperazione Italiana allo Sviluppo

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In several cases the document in question is a permission to stay with t<strong>here</strong>lative Italian document of another person (for example of a relative of the madamor the daughter).“F. and her husband make the documents from <strong>here</strong>, they have a daughter whois born <strong>here</strong>, every so often they go and get a visa because the daughter should goto Hungary, London, with this visa they export someone from Nigeria, they put thephoto of this person and they make her enter into the country w<strong>here</strong> the daughterhas to go, but the daughter never moves. Even their passports they sent down tobring people <strong>here</strong>. They declare that the passport of the daughter has been stolenfrom the car. I have the passport of the daughter. When these people come, they goto make the declaration” (Interview Victim No.5).To make the re-entry of the person with an Italian permission to stay morecredible, they even organise courses of Italian before the departure.“I know what happened <strong>here</strong>. When they make you use these permissions tostay, they make you study Italian for months. Because t<strong>here</strong> is a school of Italiant<strong>here</strong>. Because you cannot have a permission to stay for five years and not speakItalian” (Interview Victim No.5).While, as we have said, passports and visas are given by the competentauthorities, that which concerns the Italian permission to stay is real falsification.Packets of permissions to stay are sent to Nigeria w<strong>here</strong> they proceed to make aperfect reproduction of the original with the usual substitution of the photo. Theoriginals are then sent back to Italy.Those travelling with an Italian permission to stay do not generally arrivedirectly in Italy, but are in possession of a visa for France w<strong>here</strong> t<strong>here</strong> is someoneto wait for them with a car, and with this they easily reach Italy.However, in other cases the woman is left without documents as soon as shearrives in Europe, even if she has not yet arrived at the destination: sometimesbecause the person who has escorted her until that moment returns to Nigeria withher document, sometimes to avoid escape. In any case the organisation seems to beable to mould the supply and make use of the documents according to needs thatduring the various journeys can emerge.The documents with which the woman travels are not ever her real documents.On the contrary to what happened in the first years of the traffic of women fromNigeria, it seems absolutely residual the case w<strong>here</strong> the victims travel using theirreal passport, then taken away at the time of arrival at the destination: the takingaway of the document is no longer a means for blackmail and pressure to convincethe woman to become a prostitute.“To take a passport hostage is something that no longer exists, t<strong>here</strong> is nolonger this exchange as in the past…Perhaps, and it is my idea, perhaps oncewhen we went to make searches of the houses of the exploiters we searched forpassports and t<strong>here</strong> was then the proof of passports hidden in some place. Now wecan no longer get them” (Questura of Turin).

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