of the groups, even in part on foot in the desert, to the coast of Morocco. ReachingMorocco, the victims can wait months, closed in support houses or in hotels, beforetheir turn comes up to embark clandestinely to reach Spain. During the wait it isnecessary that the madam sends money essential so that the girls can survive and insome cases, when the moment to embark arrives, they can pay the passeur. TheStrait of Gibraltar overcome, the group is separated and the women, through theclandestine immigration routes, reach Italy by train, either alone or accompanied.Now we will see, through accounts of the girls and women trafficked, thejourneys which brought them to Italy.a) Air journey with direct destination Western EuropeInterview victim No. 3Z. departs in 1999 alone from the airport of Lagos with Vienna as thedestination. Her accompanier, who in this case is the same person who contactedher in Nigeria (specifically, it is the husband of the madam who is waiting in Italy),remains blocked at the airport, and is not given permission to embark. Z. had neverundertaken a journey of this type and is a little afraid, but this is her onlyopportunity to reach Europe, find work as a hairdresser (she thinks) and conduct aneasier life.“As it was the first time that I left, I was alone, I said «but how is it possible?»(…) He said to me, «You are intelligent, with the address you can also go toAmerica». And I left with a plane. I knew that I was going to Italy because his wifeis <strong>here</strong>”.She embarks on a flight Lagos-Vienna and in Vienna takes a train to reachRome. At the Termini Station a Nigerian boy is waiting and escorts her to thehouse of the madam. The journey was concluded with the illusion of havingreached “paradise” in a simple and rapid manner: “they made me take a shower, Islept, I thought that I had really arrived in paradise, I did not ever think of leavingthe house to come to Europe”.The illusion vanished all too soon.Interview Victim No. 7“It was in 1998” says Y. “I remember that it was very quick, simple, simple, intwo days I was <strong>here</strong>”.Y. departed from Lagos for Paris with three other girls and with her Nigerianemployer who had promised her work in his shop in Rome.At the airport in Paris they find two men waiting for them who take them to ahotel. The accompanier gives back the passport which is in the name of his wife,but in which appears the photograph of Y., and gives her USD 3,000 in order topretend in the case of controls, to be a woman who is going to buy merchandise inNaples.
Then he sends her in a taxi to the station telling her: “T<strong>here</strong> is a boy at thestation, he will come to you and tell you to follow him, don’t ask him anything,pretend you do not know him, and you only have to follow this person ”.For Y. it is the moment of impact with Europe, she can hardly believe she is inFrance, she is excited and happy. The presence of so many “whites” makes hercurious. “I was curious, the whites!!! I had that sensation; I was curious, happy tosee them. It was very impressive. I had already seen them, I even have a sister inlaw who is American, but that was something, in my life I find myself among 5million people and 4 million and 999 are white! It was lovely, lovely for me. Youdon’t need much to make me smile. It was beautiful, heavens, the hair!!! (…) If Icould have gone to stroke the hair, how lovely, how lovely! I made my scenery (…)we returned to the station, and it became the saddest, most hateful adventure, andbecame something that you don’t want to talk about ”.Arriving at the station, Y. followed the instructions given to her and waited attrack 21 for someone to take her. A “white” man appeared, “that face remained inmy memory. I don’t know if he was German, French, English, or Italian, but hewas white”. The man looked at her, came nearer and said “Follow me?” For theentire duration of the journey he did not say another word, if not to tell her to showthe ticket to the controller.Arriving in Florence t<strong>here</strong> is a Nigerian woman who was waiting for her at thestation. The man all of a sudden found his tongue and talked for a long time withthe woman. Y. did not understand the reason for the attitude .She was taken to the apartment of the woman and “t<strong>here</strong>” says Y. “thenightmare of my life started”. In the house she found the man with whom she haddeparted from Nigeria and the other girls she had left in the hotel in Paris. Sheasked for explanations of why she could not travel with them and it was explained“With the documents that you had, you had to take that line t<strong>here</strong> ”.All of a sudden Y. felt isolated; her employer, that she had known for years andwith whom she had had a good relationship had become a stranger and they allspoke in Italian so as to not be understood.The continuous moving again for many days in the whole of Italy, with stays inhotels and in houses crowded with Nigerian girls and, affirms Y., “It was as if Iwas still in Lagos”. Arriving on 18 February 1998 in Florence, Y., finds herself on19 February in Turin, the 20th in Naples, and in the days which follow again inFlorence and from Florence to Rome w<strong>here</strong> she will stay.Only years after did she realise that the continued moving was connected to thedifficulty to sell her…b) Air journey with transit in the EastInterview victim No. 10W. departs from Lagos in 2000 at 17 years old together with another womanand accompanied by the friend of the father of her school companion. From the
- Page 1: TRAFFICKINGOF NIGERIAN GIRLSTO ITAL
- Page 5 and 6: F O R E W O R D1. Objectives and st
- Page 7 and 8: and who have identified the most si
- Page 9 and 10: on the other hand, for those involv
- Page 11: Case files analysed: Preventive det
- Page 15 and 16: Table 2 - Socio-economic situation
- Page 17 and 18: Table 3 - Nigerian citizens regular
- Page 19 and 20: Table 5 - Social protection permiss
- Page 21 and 22: Table 7 - Number of persons charged
- Page 23 and 24: Table 8 - Detainee population sub-d
- Page 25 and 26: and the United States enables this
- Page 27 and 28: C H A P T E R IW a y s a n d p h a
- Page 29 and 30: Figure No.2 - Edo State.It is not c
- Page 31 and 32: Nigeria. From 1996 in Benin City an
- Page 33 and 34: In this variegated framework, the d
- Page 36: “Benin City is one of those State
- Page 39 and 40: Various privileged witnesses of the
- Page 41 and 42: In the first years of the traffic o
- Page 43 and 44: pay considerable sums for lodging,
- Page 45 and 46: The routesWe find at least three ty
- Page 47 and 48: Figure No.5 - Trafficking routes th
- Page 49 and 50: The journey overland through Africa
- Page 51: new dispositions and contacts to co
- Page 55 and 56: T. remains in this house for 21 day
- Page 57 and 58: detainees go towards the refectory,
- Page 59 and 60: At this point the organisation esco
- Page 61 and 62: was accepted by the Ivory Coast pol
- Page 63 and 64: B.E. «Yes, I was given a Ghanaian
- Page 65 and 66: Now the documents are “hired”:
- Page 67 and 68: It is understood however that the v
- Page 69 and 70: “There is no Nigerian passport wh
- Page 72 and 73: C H A P T E R I VL i v i n g a n d
- Page 74 and 75: have no shop and then there is no p
- Page 76 and 77: The cost to manage the house and th
- Page 78 and 79: mine since a long time, he can’t
- Page 80 and 81: A feminine managementIn analysing t
- Page 82 and 83: “There are many pimps that when y
- Page 84 and 85: The control of movementThe fact tha
- Page 86 and 87: Physical punishments can be made by
- Page 88 and 89: Control between psychological subje
- Page 90 and 91: arms), tortured in many different f
- Page 92 and 93: C H A P T E R VT h e o r g a n i s
- Page 94 and 95: Each penal procedure on the subject
- Page 96 and 97: Often it is the same madam who move
- Page 98 and 99: Even in numerous recent criminal pr
- Page 100 and 101: work arrangements (…) persons tha
- Page 102 and 103:
man all the money she had in the ho
- Page 104 and 105:
in the plates and everything and th
- Page 106 and 107:
exploitation) has reached an amount
- Page 108 and 109:
C H A P T E R V IT h e e n d o f t
- Page 110 and 111:
A: «You have to bring me a present
- Page 112 and 113:
Often the family is however not abl
- Page 114 and 115:
the different evaluations of the as
- Page 116 and 117:
The discussions on the possibility
- Page 118 and 119:
eal results: to distance herself fr
- Page 120 and 121:
of a different culture is very impo
- Page 122 and 123:
C H A P T E R V I IC o n s i d e r
- Page 124 and 125:
In the case of the girls having mor
- Page 126 and 127:
As has been many times noted, the c
- Page 128 and 129:
under the profile of the “quality
- Page 130 and 131:
person to obtain either relevant re
- Page 132 and 133:
Numerous are the criminal juridical
- Page 134 and 135:
If the accused claims to not knowin
- Page 136 and 137:
sanctions, sometimes, also in prese
- Page 138 and 139:
d) Investigative and judiciary co-o
- Page 140 and 141:
The reform foresees, under Art. 1,
- Page 142 and 143:
which the woman can definitively tu
- Page 144 and 145:
witnesses, social operators - agree
- Page 146:
and necessary, therefore, to think
- Page 149 and 150:
in many cases they are driven to th
- Page 151 and 152:
Melossi, D., (2002), “Le teorie s