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According to some the real true contract assumes an importance in particularfor the women and the family further away from the animist beliefs: one couldthink that if the threat connected to the wodoo rite is sufficient in most cases, inothers the bond of respect for the pledges undertaken are manifested in the form ofa formal contract, which one could say is very tight, because from this the honourof the family depends.From the testimony of a cultural mediator it emerges that similar formulas,substitutive or integrative of wodoo, were already present at the beginning of the‘90s, at the birth of the phenomenon of the traffic in Nigerian girls for prostitutionin Italy. In those years the family was called to guarantee the maintenance of thepact through the assumption of a sort of mortgage on one of the properties,generally on the owned house.“It is something that started in 1998. Before, 1990, 1991, they took themeasurements of the house of your parents. When the daughter finished paying, theparents went to the family of the pimps to take back the planimetry of the house, ifhowever the girl did not pay, they sold the house for the debt. But in these yearsthey make a contract which costs 200 Euros, which for us is a lot of money, thereare not many people who can pay that sum. The contract is between the girl andthe traffickers, if there are parents who are in agreement it is between the parentsand the traffickers” (Interview Victim No.8).But the present type of contract foresees payment by the girl or her family evenof that which can be defined as “legal fees or registration” of the contract.“Now they ask for money to register, to make a contract” (Interview VictimNo.8).“I was there (…) a friend of hers with a daughter arrived, they wanted to pay30,000 of our money (300 dollars) because before leaving they ask for this moneyto register, because they go to a lawyer to say «you must pay, you must notdenounce me», to also go and do this wodoo that they do before departure”(Interview Victim No.5).The contractual bonds of a moral pledge, of a ritual magic type, or of a legalnature, have a strong hold on the conscience of the same victims. Nearly always,despite being aware of the injustice of the situation in which they find themselvesliving, they keep faith with the pledge undertaken and only after havingextinguished the debt do they eventually decide to lodge a complaint.In this case, some operators of the police report having received a complaint bywomen who have finished paying their debt. In that moment they were finallyrelaxed on the psychological and moral level and at the same time realised that,having finished to pay the debt, the complaint was the only way to get out of theillegal context and the irregular situation.Not necessarily, as we will see, does this imply that one is faced with false orpretentious complaints, but certainly they are complaints that are difficult to dealwith, as they refer in many cases to facts and situations going back a long time.Finally, it is useful to mention here that the debt is not the only financial pledgeto which the victims are subjected to: once in Italy, as we will see, they are held to
pay considerable sums for lodging, food and a position of work (the so-calledjoint). All this makes this traffic very advantageous and, according to the police,also permits those who manage it to wait for some time for the final payment of thedebt, because however a fixed and periodic income is assured.
Page 1: TRAFFICKINGOF NIGERIAN GIRLSTO ITAL
Page 5 and 6: F O R E W O R D1. Objectives and st
Page 7 and 8: and who have identified the most si
Page 9 and 10: on the other hand, for those involv
Page 11: Case files analysed: Preventive det
Page 15 and 16: Table 2 - Socio-economic situation
Page 17 and 18: Table 3 - Nigerian citizens regular
Page 19 and 20: Table 5 - Social protection permiss
Page 21 and 22: Table 7 - Number of persons charged
Page 23 and 24: Table 8 - Detainee population sub-d
Page 25 and 26: and the United States enables this
Page 27 and 28: C H A P T E R IW a y s a n d p h a
Page 29 and 30: Figure No.2 - Edo State.It is not c
Page 31 and 32: Nigeria. From 1996 in Benin City an
Page 33 and 34: In this variegated framework, the d
Page 36: “Benin City is one of those State
Page 39 and 40: Various privileged witnesses of the
Page 41: In the first years of the traffic o
Page 45 and 46: The routesWe find at least three ty
Page 47 and 48: Figure No.5 - Trafficking routes th
Page 49 and 50: The journey overland through Africa
Page 51 and 52: new dispositions and contacts to co
Page 53 and 54: Then he sends her in a taxi to the
Page 55 and 56: T. remains in this house for 21 day
Page 57 and 58: detainees go towards the refectory,
Page 59 and 60: At this point the organisation esco
Page 61 and 62: was accepted by the Ivory Coast pol
Page 63 and 64: B.E. «Yes, I was given a Ghanaian
Page 65 and 66: Now the documents are “hired”:
Page 67 and 68: It is understood however that the v
Page 69 and 70: “There is no Nigerian passport wh
Page 72 and 73: C H A P T E R I VL i v i n g a n d
Page 74 and 75: have no shop and then there is no p
Page 76 and 77: The cost to manage the house and th
Page 78 and 79: mine since a long time, he can’t
Page 80 and 81: A feminine managementIn analysing t
Page 82 and 83: “There are many pimps that when y
Page 84 and 85: The control of movementThe fact tha
Page 86 and 87: Physical punishments can be made by
Page 88 and 89: Control between psychological subje
Page 90 and 91: arms), tortured in many different f
Page 92 and 93:
C H A P T E R VT h e o r g a n i s
Page 94 and 95:
Each penal procedure on the subject
Page 96 and 97:
Often it is the same madam who move
Page 98 and 99:
Even in numerous recent criminal pr
Page 100 and 101:
work arrangements (…) persons tha
Page 102 and 103:
man all the money she had in the ho
Page 104 and 105:
in the plates and everything and th
Page 106 and 107:
exploitation) has reached an amount
Page 108 and 109:
C H A P T E R V IT h e e n d o f t
Page 110 and 111:
A: «You have to bring me a present
Page 112 and 113:
Often the family is however not abl
Page 114 and 115:
the different evaluations of the as
Page 116 and 117:
The discussions on the possibility
Page 118 and 119:
eal results: to distance herself fr
Page 120 and 121:
of a different culture is very impo
Page 122 and 123:
C H A P T E R V I IC o n s i d e r
Page 124 and 125:
In the case of the girls having mor
Page 126 and 127:
As has been many times noted, the c
Page 128 and 129:
under the profile of the “quality
Page 130 and 131:
person to obtain either relevant re
Page 132 and 133:
Numerous are the criminal juridical
Page 134 and 135:
If the accused claims to not knowin
Page 136 and 137:
sanctions, sometimes, also in prese
Page 138 and 139:
d) Investigative and judiciary co-o
Page 140 and 141:
The reform foresees, under Art. 1,
Page 142 and 143:
which the woman can definitively tu
Page 144 and 145:
witnesses, social operators - agree
Page 146:
and necessary, therefore, to think
Page 149 and 150:
in many cases they are driven to th
Page 151 and 152:
Melossi, D., (2002), “Le teorie s
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