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Table 4 - Foreign citizens regularised through the various curative satutesLaw 943/86 Law 39/90 Law Decree 489/1995 D.P.C.M. 16/10/1998Morocco 27,615 Morocco 48,670 Morocco 34,258 Albania 38,996Tunisia 8,769 Tunisia 26,318 Albania 29,724 Romania 24,098Senegal 8,502 Senegal 15,966 Philippines 21,406 Morocco 23,850Philippines 6,647 Philippines 13,684 China 14,437 China 16,778Yugoslavia 6,521 Yugoslavia 8,924 Peru 12,753 Senegal 10,727China 5,025 China 8,580 Romania 11,099 Egypt 9,467Egypt 3,956 Egypt 7,632 Tunisia 10,362 Nigeria 7,354Sri Lanka 3,607 Ghana 6,517 Senegal 9,889Ghana 3,233 Poland 5,366 Ex Yugoslavia 9,173Iran 3,004 Sri Lanka 5,258 Egypt 8,174Ethiopia 2,492 Somalia 4,912 Nigeria 7,993Mauritius 1,517 Pakistan 4,510Somalia 1,487 Bangladesh 3,861Pakistan 1,216 Mauritius 3,314India 1,193 Nigeria 3,308Cape Verde 975Nigeria 952Source: Our elaboration of Caritas data, 2002.The number of citizens regularised indicates that Nigerian citizens have oftenreached a grade of integration which permits them to benefit from the provisions ofregularisation: as will be seen, even Nigerian criminals have managed to benefitfrom this possibility.It is worth noting that until the D.P.C.M. of 16 October 1998 2 regularisationwas practically the only way to obtain a valid way to stay in Italy: the numberswhich seem particularly high, not only for Nigerian citizens, represents in effect agood percentage of regular presences in Italy in those years.But for Nigeria the more complex photograph of the motives to stay highlightsa net prevalence of reasons of work - with a high incidence of autonomous work -and of the family (together representing 91.5% of the total), a low percentage offamilies joining, while almost absent are those authorisations for study reasons. Inthe distribution of authorisations for social protection reasons ex Art. 18 d.lgs.286/1998 (which we will mention in depth later), those originating from Nigeriaappear to be the most represented.2The DPCM 16 October 1998 is the Decree of the President of the Council of Ministers whichdisciplines the procedures of regularisation of the so-called Turco-Napolitano Law which should havebeen the last provision for regularisation at the same time as the start of a policy of immigration based onregular fluxes of entry.
Table 5 - Social protection permissions to stay granted at 31 December 2001: prevailingcountries and division by areaCountryNorth North Centre South Islands TotalWest Eastv.a % v.a. % v.a. % v.a. % v.a. % v.a. % F(1)of whichminorsNigeria 72 43.9 46 28.0 27 16.5 9 5.5 10 6.1 164 93.9 2Moldavia 22 14.3 37 24.0 32 20.8 61 39.6 2 1.3 154 95.5 10Ukraine 13 11.1 33 28.2 32 27.4 17 14.5 22 18.8 117 94.9 1Romania 29 29.9 26 26.8 25 25.8 15 15.5 2 2.1 97 85.6 9Albania 5 33.3 3 20.0 4 26.7 3 20.0 0 0.0 95 86.3 14(1) The males are subjects which have collaborated to contrast the criminal organisations.Source: Our elaboration of Caritas data, 2002.On the other hand, it is very complex to calculate in a credible manner thenumber of irregular citizens who are present on the territory. Beyond theapproximate estimates provided by migrant services, or elaborated in researchundertaken of the local context, the only objective reliable data is that of thenumbers of expulsions and those turned back. Other interesting data could be thatof entries in the Centres of Temporary Stay, but this relates to unavailable data.The available data - even in its partiality - permits observance of data relating toNigeria, even in its irregular form, which does not represent a particularly strongmigratory pressure (it is sufficient to think the data for Albania of nearly 20,000persons between those expelled and turned back), even if the number of subjectsturned away is not indifferent.Table 6 - Administrative measures adopted for Nigerian citizens from 1/01/2001 to31/12/2001Air Maritime Land TotalDenied entry at border 363 12 103 478Rejected by the Police 25Total Rejected 503Males Females Minors TotalRe-admitted 71 29 1 101Expelled accompanied to the border 1,069Expelled in compliance with judicial authorities 19Source: Our elaboration of data of Ministry of Interior.
Page 1: TRAFFICKINGOF NIGERIAN GIRLSTO ITAL
Page 5 and 6: F O R E W O R D1. Objectives and st
Page 7 and 8: and who have identified the most si
Page 9 and 10: on the other hand, for those involv
Page 11: Case files analysed: Preventive det
Page 15 and 16: Table 2 - Socio-economic situation
Page 17: Table 3 - Nigerian citizens regular
Page 21 and 22: Table 7 - Number of persons charged
Page 23 and 24: Table 8 - Detainee population sub-d
Page 25 and 26: and the United States enables this
Page 27 and 28: C H A P T E R IW a y s a n d p h a
Page 29 and 30: Figure No.2 - Edo State.It is not c
Page 31 and 32: Nigeria. From 1996 in Benin City an
Page 33 and 34: In this variegated framework, the d
Page 36: “Benin City is one of those State
Page 39 and 40: Various privileged witnesses of the
Page 41 and 42: In the first years of the traffic o
Page 43 and 44: pay considerable sums for lodging,
Page 45 and 46: The routesWe find at least three ty
Page 47 and 48: Figure No.5 - Trafficking routes th
Page 49 and 50: The journey overland through Africa
Page 51 and 52: new dispositions and contacts to co
Page 53 and 54: Then he sends her in a taxi to the
Page 55 and 56: T. remains in this house for 21 day
Page 57 and 58: detainees go towards the refectory,
Page 59 and 60: At this point the organisation esco
Page 61 and 62: was accepted by the Ivory Coast pol
Page 63 and 64: B.E. «Yes, I was given a Ghanaian
Page 65 and 66: Now the documents are “hired”:
Page 67 and 68: It is understood however that the v
Page 69 and 70:
“There is no Nigerian passport wh
Page 72 and 73:
C H A P T E R I VL i v i n g a n d
Page 74 and 75:
have no shop and then there is no p
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The cost to manage the house and th
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mine since a long time, he can’t
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A feminine managementIn analysing t
Page 82 and 83:
“There are many pimps that when y
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The control of movementThe fact tha
Page 86 and 87:
Physical punishments can be made by
Page 88 and 89:
Control between psychological subje
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arms), tortured in many different f
Page 92 and 93:
C H A P T E R VT h e o r g a n i s
Page 94 and 95:
Each penal procedure on the subject
Page 96 and 97:
Often it is the same madam who move
Page 98 and 99:
Even in numerous recent criminal pr
Page 100 and 101:
work arrangements (…) persons tha
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man all the money she had in the ho
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in the plates and everything and th
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exploitation) has reached an amount
Page 108 and 109:
C H A P T E R V IT h e e n d o f t
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A: «You have to bring me a present
Page 112 and 113:
Often the family is however not abl
Page 114 and 115:
the different evaluations of the as
Page 116 and 117:
The discussions on the possibility
Page 118 and 119:
eal results: to distance herself fr
Page 120 and 121:
of a different culture is very impo
Page 122 and 123:
C H A P T E R V I IC o n s i d e r
Page 124 and 125:
In the case of the girls having mor
Page 126 and 127:
As has been many times noted, the c
Page 128 and 129:
under the profile of the “quality
Page 130 and 131:
person to obtain either relevant re
Page 132 and 133:
Numerous are the criminal juridical
Page 134 and 135:
If the accused claims to not knowin
Page 136 and 137:
sanctions, sometimes, also in prese
Page 138 and 139:
d) Investigative and judiciary co-o
Page 140 and 141:
The reform foresees, under Art. 1,
Page 142 and 143:
which the woman can definitively tu
Page 144 and 145:
witnesses, social operators - agree
Page 146:
and necessary, therefore, to think
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in many cases they are driven to th
Page 151 and 152:
Melossi, D., (2002), “Le teorie s
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