Gotovina et al Judgement Volume I - ICTY

Gotovina et al Judgement Volume I - ICTY Gotovina et al Judgement Volume I - ICTY

12.07.2015 Views

39303Serbs leaving the Krajina, in particular on 4 and 5 August 1995, with relatively few ofthem, often elderly, remaining in the area. Many of these remaining Serbs were killed.12. The Trial Chamber carefully considered the evidence on alleged crimes, for thepurpose of establishing whether the elements of the crimes had been met and whetherthe identity or affiliation of the perpetrators could be established. When the evidencewith regard to a specific incident lacked sufficient detail in this respect, the TrialChamber did not further consider it when evaluating the liability of the Accused. Forexample, this was the case for a large body of evidence consisting of reports andtestimonies of burning or destroyed houses and other property for which no perpetratorwas identified or described. In the context of a criminal trial, and the chaotic picture ofthe events on the ground, the Trial Chamber was necessarily cautious in drawingconclusions with regard to specific incidents based on any general impression.13. The events in this case took place in the context of many years of tensionsbetween Serbs and Croats in the Krajina. While the Trial Chamber was mindful of thiscontext, the case was not about crimes committed prior to the Indictment period. Norwas Croatia’s choice to resort to Operation Storm on trial. This case is about whetherSerb civilians in the Krajina were the targets of crimes and about the liability of theAccused for these crimes.12Case No.: IT-06-90-T 15 April 2011 `

393022. Sources and use of evidence14. Standard of Proof. Pursuant to Article 21 (3) of the Statute, the Accused areentitled to a presumption of innocence. Pursuant to Rule 87 (A) of the Rules, thestandard for determining guilt is proof beyond a reasonable doubt. Accordingly, eachand every element of the offences charged against an accused must be proven beyond areasonable doubt. This burden remains with the Prosecution throughout the trial. 1 Anaccused must be acquitted if there is any reasonable explanation of the evidence otherthan the guilt of the accused. 2 In making findings, the Trial Chamber applied thestandard of beyond a reasonable doubt.15. Witnesses. Out of a total of 145 viva voce fact and expert witnesses that the TrialChamber heard, 81 were called by the Prosecution, 25 by the Gotovina Defence, 19 bythe Čermak Defence, 13 by the Markač Defence, and 7 by the Trial Chamber. Out of thetotal number of witnesses heard in court, 12 witnesses were subpoenaed and 3 weresummoned to appear before the Trial Chamber.16. The Trial Chamber admitted witnesses’ testimony or statements pursuant toRules 92 bis, ter, and quater. It admitted evidence tendered pursuant to Rule 92 ter ofthe Rules in relation to 122 witnesses. Rule 92 ter of the Rules allows for the admissionof evidence that goes to proof of acts and conduct of an accused. 3 Nevertheless, theTrial Chamber expressed a strong preference that such evidence, being importantevidence central and critical to the case, be elicited orally from a witness in court. 4 TheTrial Chamber admitted evidence of 20 witnesses pursuant to Rule 92 bis of the Rules. 5Rule 92 quater of the Rules also allows for the admission of evidence that goes to proofof acts and conduct of an accused, although this may be a factor weighing againstadmission. 6 The Trial Chamber admitted statements of 15 unavailable witnesses1 Brñanin Trial Judgement, para. 22.2 Čelebići Appeal Judgement, para. 458.3 Rule 92 ter (B) of the Rules.4 T. 2205.5 Decision on the First Batch of Rule 92 bis Witnesses, 3 June 2008; Decision on the Second Batch ofRule 92 bis Witnesses, 24 July 2008; Third Decision on Rule 92 bis Witnesses, 3 November 2008;Decision on Prosecution’s Third Motion for Admission of Evidence Pursuant to Rule 92 bis, 5 March2009; Decision on Defendant Ante Gotovina’s Motion for Admission of Evidence of One WitnessPursuant to Rule 92 bis, 16 September 2009; T. 21783-21786; Decision on Defendant Ivan Čermak’sMotion for Admission of Evidence of Two Witnesses Pursuant to Rule 92 bis and Decision on DefendantIvan Čermak’s Third Motion for Protective Measures for Witnesses IC-12 and IC-16, 11 November 2009.6 Rule 92 quater (B).13Case No.: IT-06-90-T 15 April 2011 `

39303Serbs leaving the Krajina, in particular on 4 and 5 August 1995, with relatively few ofthem, often elderly, remaining in the area. Many of these remaining Serbs were killed.12. The Tri<strong>al</strong> Chamber carefully considered the evidence on <strong>al</strong>leged crimes, for thepurpose of establishing wh<strong>et</strong>her the elements of the crimes had been m<strong>et</strong> and wh<strong>et</strong>herthe identity or affiliation of the perp<strong>et</strong>rators could be established. When the evidencewith regard to a specific incident lacked sufficient d<strong>et</strong>ail in this respect, the Tri<strong>al</strong>Chamber did not further consider it when ev<strong>al</strong>uating the liability of the Accused. Forexample, this was the case for a large body of evidence consisting of reports andtestimonies of burning or destroyed houses and other property for which no perp<strong>et</strong>ratorwas identified or described. In the context of a crimin<strong>al</strong> tri<strong>al</strong>, and the chaotic picture ofthe events on the ground, the Tri<strong>al</strong> Chamber was necessarily cautious in drawingconclusions with regard to specific incidents based on any gener<strong>al</strong> impression.13. The events in this case took place in the context of many years of tensionsb<strong>et</strong>ween Serbs and Croats in the Krajina. While the Tri<strong>al</strong> Chamber was mindful of thiscontext, the case was not about crimes committed prior to the Indictment period. Norwas Croatia’s choice to resort to Operation Storm on tri<strong>al</strong>. This case is about wh<strong>et</strong>herSerb civilians in the Krajina were the targ<strong>et</strong>s of crimes and about the liability of theAccused for these crimes.12Case No.: IT-06-90-T 15 April 2011 `

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!