The Soils of Brant County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
The Soils of Brant County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada The Soils of Brant County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Table 10 .Agricultural suitability ratings for special crops in Brant County (Cont'd.)Map Unit Soil Slope ManagementComponent Code Class FactorsAl A2 BI B2 B3 Cl C2 DlScotland STD A F-G F F-G F-G F P-F F FB, b F-G F F-G F-G F P-F F FC, c F P-F F-G F P-F P P-F FD, d P-F P F P-F P P P P-FSmithville SHV AB, bC, cD, dE, eStayner STN AStyx SYX AE, e U U P U U U U PDRAINAGEIRRIGATION-+1-+1-+1-+1-+1-+1-+1DRAINAGEIRRIGATIONDRAINAGEIRRIGATIONDRAINAGEIRRIGATIONTeeswater TEW AF P-F F-G F-G F-G G F-G F-GB,bF P-F F-G F F-G F-G F F-GC, c P-F P F-G F F F F F-GDRAINAGEIRRIGATION-+1-+1---+1-+1---+1-+1Toledo TLD AB,bTuscola TUC AB, bUrban LandULDVanessa VSS AB, bWalsingham WAM AB, bC, cWilsonville WIL AB, bC, cD, dE, eDRAINAGEIRRIGATIONDRAINAGEIRRIGATIONNOT RATEDDRAINAGEIRRIGATIONDRAINAGEIRRIGATIONVP U U P VP P P VPVP U U VP VP VP VP VP------+2-+1-+2-+2-+2-P-F P P-F F F F-G F-G FP-F P P-F P-F F F F F+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 - +1 +1+ 1 + 1 - - + 1 - - -P VP P P VP VP P VPP VP P P VP VP P VP+3 +1 +3- +3 +2 +2 +2 +2- + 1 - - - - - -P P-F P P P P-F P P-FP P-F P P P P-F P P-FU P P VP VP P VP P-F+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 - +1 +1+ 1 + l - + 1 + 1 - - + 1F P-F F-G F F P-F F FF P-F F-G F F P-F F FP-F P F-G P-F P-F P P-F FP VP F P P P P P-FVP U VP U U U U PDRAINAGE - - - - - - - -IRRIGATION +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 - +1 +1-+1U U U U P F-G F P-FU U U U P F P-F P-FU U U U VP P-F P-F P-FU U U U U P P PU-U-U-U-U-U-U-P-- - - - - - - -VP+ 4-U--U--U--U--VP+ 4-VP+ 2-VP U U U U VP VP U+ 4 - - - - + 4 + 2 -- - - - - - - -
Table 10 . Agricultural suitability ratings for special crops in Brant County (Cont'd .)Map UnitComponentSoilCodeSlopeClassManagementFactorsAl A2 B1 B2 B3 C1 C2 D1Woolwich WOW A F P-F F-G F-G F-G G G F-GB,b F P-F F-G F F-G F-G F-G F-GC, c P-F P F-G F F F F-G F-GDRAINAGEIRRIGATION +1 +1 - +1 +1Waterin WRN A P VP P P VP VP VP VPB,b P VP P P VP VP VP VPDRAINAGE +2 +1 +3 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2IRRIGATIONWaterloo WTO A F-G F-G F-G F-G F-G F-G F-G FB, b F-G F-G F-G F-G F-G F F FC, c F F F-G F F P-F F FD,d P-F P-F F P-F P-F P P-F P-FDRAINAGEIRRIGATION +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 - +1 +1Wauseon WUS A P VP P P VP P P PB, b P VP P VP VP VP VP PDRAINAGE +2 +1 +2 +3 +3 +2 +2 +2IRRIGATIONC. SOIL EROSION INTERPRETATIONS'Soil Interpretations for Water ErosionSoil erosion by water is a naturally occurring process thatcan be greatly enhanced by man's activity. Any practice thatenhances soil runoffor reduces the natural protection affordedby vegetative cover will generally lead to increasing erosion .Within the agricultural sector, we have become accustomed tothinking of soil erosion as an action that reduces productionpotential, depletes nutrients, and degrades soil . However, studiesin the Canadian Great Lakes basin have illustrated the needto look beyond the on-site effects of soil erosion and considerthe role ofsediments derived from cropland on water quality.Acomprehensive soil conservation program will recognize thisdual nature of the problem associated with soil erosion bywater.The Brant County Soil Survey Report describes in detailthe nature, extent and distribution of soil materials within theCounty. The purpose of this section is to provide interpretations of the water erosion potential of the Brant County soilsand soil landscapes. Specifically, the objectives are as follows :(a) to determine the relative erodibility of surficial soil layers ;(b)(c)(d)to determine the combined effect of soil erodibility andslope on soil erosion potential ;to establish the effects ofcropland on soil erosion potentialand ;to provide a methodology whereby a nomograph andinformation contained in the soil survey report may beused to assess site-specific cropland soil erosion problemsand alternative solutions .The water erosion formula used to predict average annualsoil loss through sheet and rill erosion is the Universal Soil LossEquation (U.S.L.E .) of Wischmeier and Smith (19) whichtakes the formA = RKLSCP where :A = average annual soil lossR = rainfall erosivityK = soil erodibilityL = slope lengthS = slope gradientC = crop cover factorP = management practice factorWhen the numerical values for each variable are multipliedtogether, the product is the average annual soil loss intons/ac/yr. To convert to metric units (tonnes/ha/yr) multiplythe empirical unit value by 2 .24 . It should be emphasized thatthe formula estimates sheet and rill erosion, but does not considersoil losses caused by gully erosion or stream channel erosion. Since the erosion formula does not contain a transport ordelivery factor, it does not predict sediment load of streams .Included in this report is information on the factors of theU.S.L.E . relevant to Brant County. Further details and backgroundinformation on the use ofthe US.L .E . in Ontario havebeen reported elsewhere (17,18) .Rainfall Erosivity (R)The rainfall erosivity index reflects the combined ability ofraindrop impact to dislodge soil particles and runoff to transportthe soil particles from the field . The R factor is the longterm average annual value of the erosion index that rangesfrom a low of 25 to a high of 100 in Ontario. Brant County hasanR-value ofapproximately 80 .'G.J Wall andLJ. Shelton, Agriculture Canada, Guelph, andWT. Dickinson, School ofEngineering, University ofGuelph .53
- Page 1 and 2: The Soils ofBrant CountyVolume 1Ont
- Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . .
- Page 5 and 6: The soil survey, data collection, a
- Page 7 and 8: GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THEAREALocat
- Page 10 and 11: DevonianBois Blanc Formation : grey
- Page 12 and 13: DrumlinAbandoned shorelineMeltwater
- Page 14 and 15: Fox SoilsIWilsonville and Scotland
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- Page 18 and 19: Table 5 .Climatic data forBrantford
- Page 20 and 21: Ah horizon(dark brown or black)- Bm
- Page 22 and 23: Table6. Soil families ofBrant Count
- Page 24 and 25: GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SOILSSO
- Page 26 and 27: Soil DescriptionsGeneralized descri
- Page 28 and 29: Soil Moisture Characteristics Brady
- Page 30 and 31: Soil Moisture Characteristics Camil
- Page 32 and 33: Soil Moisture Characteristics Goble
- Page 34 and 35: are strongly calcareous . Soilreact
- Page 36 and 37: Soil Moisture Characteristics Scotl
- Page 38 and 39: Tuscola Soils (TUC)General Soil Des
- Page 40 and 41: dark-brown colour . The Ck horizons
- Page 42 and 43: Table7. Mean horizon values of Bran
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Table 10 . <strong>Agri</strong>cultural suitability ratings for special crops in <strong>Brant</strong> <strong>County</strong> (Cont'd .)Map UnitComponentSoilCodeSlopeClassManagementFactorsAl A2 B1 B2 B3 C1 C2 D1Woolwich WOW A F P-F F-G F-G F-G G G F-GB,b F P-F F-G F F-G F-G F-G F-GC, c P-F P F-G F F F F-G F-GDRAINAGEIRRIGATION +1 +1 - +1 +1Waterin WRN A P VP P P VP VP VP VPB,b P VP P P VP VP VP VPDRAINAGE +2 +1 +3 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2IRRIGATIONWaterloo WTO A F-G F-G F-G F-G F-G F-G F-G FB, b F-G F-G F-G F-G F-G F F FC, c F F F-G F F P-F F FD,d P-F P-F F P-F P-F P P-F P-FDRAINAGEIRRIGATION +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 - +1 +1Wauseon WUS A P VP P P VP P P PB, b P VP P VP VP VP VP PDRAINAGE +2 +1 +2 +3 +3 +2 +2 +2IRRIGATIONC. SOIL EROSION INTERPRETATIONS'Soil Interpretations for Water ErosionSoil erosion by water is a naturally occurring process thatcan be greatly enhanced by man's activity. Any practice thatenhances soil run<strong>of</strong>for reduces the natural protection affordedby vegetative cover will generally lead to increasing erosion .Within the agricultural sector, we have become accustomed tothinking <strong>of</strong> soil erosion as an action that reduces productionpotential, depletes nutrients, <strong>and</strong> degrades soil . However, studiesin the Canadian Great Lakes basin have illustrated the needto look beyond the on-site effects <strong>of</strong> soil erosion <strong>and</strong> considerthe role <strong>of</strong>sediments derived from cropl<strong>and</strong> on water quality.Acomprehensive soil conservation program will recognize thisdual nature <strong>of</strong> the problem associated with soil erosion bywater.<strong>The</strong> <strong>Brant</strong> <strong>County</strong> Soil Survey Report describes in detailthe nature, extent <strong>and</strong> distribution <strong>of</strong> soil materials within the<strong>County</strong>. <strong>The</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> this section is to provide interpretations <strong>of</strong> the water erosion potential <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Brant</strong> <strong>County</strong> soils<strong>and</strong> soil l<strong>and</strong>scapes. Specifically, the objectives are as follows :(a) to determine the relative erodibility <strong>of</strong> surficial soil layers ;(b)(c)(d)to determine the combined effect <strong>of</strong> soil erodibility <strong>and</strong>slope on soil erosion potential ;to establish the effects <strong>of</strong>cropl<strong>and</strong> on soil erosion potential<strong>and</strong> ;to provide a methodology whereby a nomograph <strong>and</strong>information contained in the soil survey report may beused to assess site-specific cropl<strong>and</strong> soil erosion problems<strong>and</strong> alternative solutions .<strong>The</strong> water erosion formula used to predict average annualsoil loss through sheet <strong>and</strong> rill erosion is the Universal Soil LossEquation (U.S.L.E .) <strong>of</strong> Wischmeier <strong>and</strong> Smith (19) whichtakes the formA = RKLSCP where :A = average annual soil lossR = rainfall erosivityK = soil erodibilityL = slope lengthS = slope gradientC = crop cover factorP = management practice factorWhen the numerical values for each variable are multipliedtogether, the product is the average annual soil loss intons/ac/yr. To convert to metric units (tonnes/ha/yr) multiplythe empirical unit value by 2 .24 . It should be emphasized thatthe formula estimates sheet <strong>and</strong> rill erosion, but does not considersoil losses caused by gully erosion or stream channel erosion. Since the erosion formula does not contain a transport ordelivery factor, it does not predict sediment load <strong>of</strong> streams .Included in this report is information on the factors <strong>of</strong> theU.S.L.E . relevant to <strong>Brant</strong> <strong>County</strong>. Further details <strong>and</strong> backgroundinformation on the use <strong>of</strong>the US.L .E . in Ontario havebeen reported elsewhere (17,18) .Rainfall Erosivity (R)<strong>The</strong> rainfall erosivity index reflects the combined ability <strong>of</strong>raindrop impact to dislodge soil particles <strong>and</strong> run<strong>of</strong>f to transportthe soil particles from the field . <strong>The</strong> R factor is the longterm average annual value <strong>of</strong> the erosion index that rangesfrom a low <strong>of</strong> 25 to a high <strong>of</strong> 100 in Ontario. <strong>Brant</strong> <strong>County</strong> hasanR-value <strong>of</strong>approximately 80 .'G.J Wall <strong>and</strong>LJ. Shelton, <strong><strong>Agri</strong>culture</strong> <strong>Canada</strong>, Guelph, <strong>and</strong>WT. Dickinson, School <strong>of</strong>Engineering, University <strong>of</strong>Guelph .53
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