The Soils of Brant County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
The Soils of Brant County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada The Soils of Brant County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
LIST OF TABLES1 . Farmland use in Brant County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 . Area and value of main crops grown in Brant County . 93 . Pleistocene stratigraphy and associated soils of BrantCounty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114 . Properties ofprincipal tills occurring 'inBrantCounty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135 . Climatic data for Brantford and neighbouringlocations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186 . Soil families of Brant County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217 . Mean horizon values of Brant County soils . . . . . . . . . .418 . Agricultural capability classification for commonfield crops for soils of Brant County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .469 . Organization of special crops into crop groups andcrop subgroups for the Brant County region . . . . . . . . .4710 . Agricultural suitability ratings for special crops inBrantCounty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4811. K-values, erodibility classes and erosion potential forBrant County soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5512 . Guidelines for establishing soil erodibility classes . . . . . 5913 . Guidelines for assessing soil erosion potential classes . .5914 . LS-values for different combinations of slope lengthand slopegradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59LIST OF FIGURES1 . General location of Brant and surrounding counties . . 72 . Urban centres, roads and railway networks andtownships in BrantCounty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 . Paleozoic geology of Brant County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104. Surficial geology of Brant County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 . Schematic landscape cross-section showing soilparent materials associated with the Tillsonburgmoraine near Harley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 . Schematic landscape cross-section showing soilparent materials associated with the Galt morainenear Scotland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147 . Schematic landscape cross-section between Paris andOhsweken showing soil parent materials associatedwith the Galt moraine and adjacent glaciofluvialand glaciolacustrine sediments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 . Schematic landscape cross-section showing soilparent materials associated with the Grand Riverand the Paris moraine near Paris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159. Schematic landscape cross-section showing therelationship of surficial sands to underlying depositsonthe sand plain near Cathcart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1510 . Main streams and tributaries in Brant County . . . . . . . 1611 . Climatic regions in Brant County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1712. Diagrammatic soil profile of a well-drained BrunisolicGrayBrown Luvisol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2013. Diagrammatic soil profile of a poorly drained OrthicHumic Gleysol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2014. Prediction ofcropland erosion potential and somecontrol alternatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6015 . Index of soil maps for Brant County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
The soil survey, data collection, analysis and preparationofthe soil maps and report for Brant County involved the contributionsof many individuals . Those making a major contribution to field mapping were S . Humphrey, D . Cressman,B. Maclean, W. Hodgins, B. Cameron, G . Roberts andS. Kendall aided by many other student assistants . Field samplingand laboratory analyses were carried out by R . Viitala,B. Hohner and C . Miller ofAgriculture Canada . Dr. O.L. Whiteof the Ontario Geological Survey, Ontario Ministry of NaturalResources, assisted with soil sampling for engineering properties.Engineering data were provided by the Aggregates Laboratoryof the Highway Engineering Division of the OntarioMinistry of Transportation and Communication .C . Fitzgibbon, K . Palmerand A . McLennanofthe University ofGuelph, Department of Land Resource Science, assisted substantiallyin the data analysis and compilation, as did D. Irvinewith cartographic map preparation and J. Cookwith typing andword processing ofthe report .The efforts of Dr. W.R . Cowan, formerly of the OntarioMinistry of Natural Resources, Ontario Geological Survey, forpreparation of the section on Geology and Soil Formation arevery much appreciated .ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSValuable input was provided by S . Rowe and J. Bodner,Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food Horticultural CropSpecialists for Brant County in interpreting the soils for specialtycropuses.Colleagues atthe Agriculture Canada, Guelph Soil SurveyUnit were very helpful in various aspects of the report preparation. E.W. Presant assisted in a substantial way with the soilinterpretations section and in report editing . The section onSoil Erosion was prepared by Dr. G. Wall and I . Shelton .K . Denholm prepared the section on soil interpretations forspecial crops . The late J.E . Gillespie brought much of the datatogether for the first draft ofthe report .Appreciation is expressed to Chris Cameron, OntarioMinistryofAgriculture and Food, for map digitization, and tomembers of the Cartographic Unit of the Land ResourceResearch Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, who wereinvolved in map preparation . Special thanks are due to BrianEdwards who supervised this work . Appreciation is alsoextended to J. Day and K . Valentine of the Land ResourceResearch Centre for their suggestions and advice throughoutthis project .
- Page 1 and 2: The Soils ofBrant CountyVolume 1Ont
- Page 3: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . .
- Page 7 and 8: GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THEAREALocat
- Page 10 and 11: DevonianBois Blanc Formation : grey
- Page 12 and 13: DrumlinAbandoned shorelineMeltwater
- Page 14 and 15: Fox SoilsIWilsonville and Scotland
- Page 16 and 17: Figure 10 .Main streams and tributa
- Page 18 and 19: Table 5 .Climatic data forBrantford
- Page 20 and 21: Ah horizon(dark brown or black)- Bm
- Page 22 and 23: Table6. Soil families ofBrant Count
- Page 24 and 25: GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SOILSSO
- Page 26 and 27: Soil DescriptionsGeneralized descri
- Page 28 and 29: Soil Moisture Characteristics Brady
- Page 30 and 31: Soil Moisture Characteristics Camil
- Page 32 and 33: Soil Moisture Characteristics Goble
- Page 34 and 35: are strongly calcareous . Soilreact
- Page 36 and 37: Soil Moisture Characteristics Scotl
- Page 38 and 39: Tuscola Soils (TUC)General Soil Des
- Page 40 and 41: dark-brown colour . The Ck horizons
- Page 42 and 43: Table7. Mean horizon values of Bran
- Page 44 and 45: Table 7 . Mean horizon values of Br
- Page 47 and 48: Procedure for Using Tables for Soil
- Page 49 and 50: Table 10 . Agricultural suitability
- Page 51 and 52: Table 10 . Agricultural suitability
- Page 53 and 54: Table 10 . Agricultural suitability
<strong>The</strong> soil survey, data collection, analysis <strong>and</strong> preparation<strong>of</strong>the soil maps <strong>and</strong> report for <strong>Brant</strong> <strong>County</strong> involved the contributions<strong>of</strong> many individuals . Those making a major contribution to field mapping were S . Humphrey, D . Cressman,B. Maclean, W. Hodgins, B. Cameron, G . Roberts <strong>and</strong>S. Kendall aided by many other student assistants . Field sampling<strong>and</strong> laboratory analyses were carried out by R . Viitala,B. Hohner <strong>and</strong> C . Miller <strong>of</strong><strong><strong>Agri</strong>culture</strong> <strong>Canada</strong> . Dr. O.L. White<strong>of</strong> the Ontario Geological Survey, Ontario Ministry <strong>of</strong> NaturalResources, assisted with soil sampling for engineering properties.Engineering data were provided by the Aggregates Laboratory<strong>of</strong> the Highway Engineering Division <strong>of</strong> the OntarioMinistry <strong>of</strong> Transportation <strong>and</strong> Communication .C . Fitzgibbon, K . Palmer<strong>and</strong> A . McLennan<strong>of</strong>the University <strong>of</strong>Guelph, Department <strong>of</strong> L<strong>and</strong> Resource Science, assisted substantiallyin the data analysis <strong>and</strong> compilation, as did D. Irvinewith cartographic map preparation <strong>and</strong> J. Cookwith typing <strong>and</strong>word processing <strong>of</strong>the report .<strong>The</strong> efforts <strong>of</strong> Dr. W.R . Cowan, formerly <strong>of</strong> the OntarioMinistry <strong>of</strong> Natural Resources, Ontario Geological Survey, forpreparation <strong>of</strong> the section on Geology <strong>and</strong> Soil Formation arevery much appreciated .ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSValuable input was provided by S . Rowe <strong>and</strong> J. Bodner,Ontario Ministry <strong>of</strong> <strong><strong>Agri</strong>culture</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Food</strong> Horticultural CropSpecialists for <strong>Brant</strong> <strong>County</strong> in interpreting the soils for specialtycropuses.Colleagues atthe <strong><strong>Agri</strong>culture</strong> <strong>Canada</strong>, Guelph Soil SurveyUnit were very helpful in various aspects <strong>of</strong> the report preparation. E.W. Presant assisted in a substantial way with the soilinterpretations section <strong>and</strong> in report editing . <strong>The</strong> section onSoil Erosion was prepared by Dr. G. Wall <strong>and</strong> I . Shelton .K . Denholm prepared the section on soil interpretations forspecial crops . <strong>The</strong> late J.E . Gillespie brought much <strong>of</strong> the datatogether for the first draft <strong>of</strong>the report .Appreciation is expressed to Chris Cameron, OntarioMinistry<strong>of</strong><strong><strong>Agri</strong>culture</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Food</strong>, for map digitization, <strong>and</strong> tomembers <strong>of</strong> the Cartographic Unit <strong>of</strong> the L<strong>and</strong> ResourceResearch Centre, <strong><strong>Agri</strong>culture</strong> <strong>Canada</strong>, Ottawa, who wereinvolved in map preparation . Special thanks are due to BrianEdwards who supervised this work . Appreciation is alsoextended to J. Day <strong>and</strong> K . Valentine <strong>of</strong> the L<strong>and</strong> ResourceResearch Centre for their suggestions <strong>and</strong> advice throughoutthis project .
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