dark-brown colour . <strong>The</strong> Ck horizons are strongly calcareous<strong>and</strong> have a high stone content . Soil reaction <strong>of</strong> Wilsonville soilsranges from medium acidic in the surface horizons to mildlyalkaline in the subsoil . Soil classification is Brunisolic GrayBrown Luvisol .Soil Moisture Characteristics Wilsonville soils are rapidlydrained <strong>and</strong> rapidly permeable. <strong>The</strong>y have relatively lowwater-holding capacity. <strong>The</strong> increased clay content in the Bthorizon enhances the water-holding capacity <strong>of</strong> this part <strong>of</strong>thesolum to a significant extent . Surface run<strong>of</strong>f varies dependingon slope, being slow on slopes less than 6°7o, but moderate torapid on steeper slopes .Commonly Associated <strong>Soils</strong> Scotl<strong>and</strong> (STD) soils arethe most common associate <strong>of</strong> Wilsonville soils as the subdominantcomponent in the WIL 6 map unit . Scotl<strong>and</strong> soils differfrom Wilsonville soils in having a deeper (40-100 cm) overlay <strong>of</strong>stone-free s<strong>and</strong>y material on the glacial till subsoil .L<strong>and</strong> Use <strong>and</strong> Management Wilsonville soils are moderatelygood agricultural soils but have limitations because <strong>of</strong>moisture deficiencies, stoniness <strong>and</strong>, in some cases, steepslopes . <strong>The</strong>y are most commonly used for grain corn, hay <strong>and</strong>pasture, <strong>and</strong> with supplemental irrigation for specialty cropssuch as tobacco. Crops such as ginseng are also being establishedon Wilsonville soils .Woolwich <strong>Soils</strong> (WOW)General Soil Description Woolwich soils havedevelopedon silt loam glaciolacustrine sediments 40-100 cm thick overlyingloam glacial till . <strong>The</strong>y are well-drained .Surface Ap horizons <strong>of</strong> Woolwich soils are approximately20 cm thick <strong>and</strong> are silt loam in texture . <strong>The</strong>y are moderate inorganic matter content ranging from 3 to 4% . <strong>The</strong> subsoilhorizons vary from silt loam to loam in texture, although thereis usually a distinct increase in clay content in the Bt horizons .<strong>The</strong> Bt horizons vary in depth with their upper boundary ataround 35 cm <strong>and</strong> lower boundary at approximately 75 cm,extending as tongue-like projections into the Ck horizon . <strong>The</strong>Ck horizons are comprised <strong>of</strong> glacial till with a low content <strong>of</strong>gravel . Often a thin stoneline occurs at the upper boundary <strong>of</strong>the Ck horizons . <strong>The</strong>y are usually strongly calcareous. Soilreaction <strong>of</strong> Woolwich soils is neutral in the surface horizons<strong>and</strong> mildly alkaline in the subsoil . Soil classification is BrunisolicGray Brown Luvisol .Soil Moisture Characteristics Woolwich soils are welldrained<strong>and</strong> moderately permeable. <strong>The</strong>y have medium waterholdingcapacities . Surface run<strong>of</strong>f can be moderately high . Itincreases markedly as slope increases, <strong>and</strong> as the organic mattercontent <strong>of</strong>the surface horizon decreases .Commonly Associated <strong>Soils</strong> Conestogo (CTG), Maryhill(MYL), Guelph (GUP), <strong>Brant</strong> (BRT) <strong>and</strong> Tuscola (TUC)are associates <strong>of</strong> Woolwich soils as subdominant componentsin map unitsWOW 2,WOW 3,WOW 4, WOW 5 <strong>and</strong>WOW 6,respectively. Conestogo <strong>and</strong> Maryhill soils have similar parentmaterials as Woolwich soils but are imperfectly <strong>and</strong> poorlydrained, respectively. Guelph soils have developed completelyon loam glacial till materials similar to those comprising thesubsoil <strong>of</strong> Woolwich soils . <strong>Brant</strong> <strong>and</strong> Tuscola soils have siltyglaciolacustrine parent materials similar to the surficial layer<strong>of</strong> Woolwich soils. <strong>The</strong>y occur where these silty materialsexceed 1 metre in depth . <strong>The</strong>y are well-drained <strong>and</strong> imperfectlydrained, respectively.L<strong>and</strong> Use <strong>and</strong> Management Woolwich soils are excellentsoils for agricultural use . <strong>The</strong> only limitations <strong>of</strong> significanceaffecting their use for field crops are topography <strong>and</strong> past erosion . Complex slopes exceeding 3 070 have a slight topographiclimitation . . This limitation becomes more severe as slopeincreases . With slopes in excess <strong>of</strong> 6%, moderate erosion mayoccur, <strong>and</strong> require special management . Woolwich soils areused extensively for corn, winter wheat, forages <strong>and</strong> springgrain crops .MISCELLANEOUS LAND UNITSAlluvium (ALU)Alluvial soils deposited on the floodplains <strong>of</strong> rivers <strong>and</strong>streams are very variable in terms <strong>of</strong> texture <strong>and</strong> drainage.Where there is extreme variability over short distances, differentiation <strong>of</strong> these soils has not been attempted <strong>and</strong> the MiscellaneousL<strong>and</strong> Unit, ALU, has been used . This l<strong>and</strong> unit hasbeen mapped in portions <strong>of</strong> the Gr<strong>and</strong> River floodplain, particularlyin its upper reaches, <strong>and</strong> along Whiternud Creek .Escarpment (ESC)Steep valley sides associated with deeply entrenched <strong>and</strong>eroding rivers are highly variable in texture, drainage, slope<strong>and</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>ile development . <strong>The</strong>y range in texture from s<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong>gravel to clays . <strong>The</strong>y are usually rapidly drained <strong>and</strong> run<strong>of</strong>f israpid because <strong>of</strong> steep slopes, but wet spots may occur as aresult <strong>of</strong> lateral seepage . Slopes are generally greater than 30% .<strong>The</strong> steep slopes are usually devoid <strong>of</strong> vegetation, but on gentlerslopes wooded vegetation <strong>of</strong>ten persists . This l<strong>and</strong> unit hasbeen mapped most commonly along the Gr<strong>and</strong> River.Marsh (MAR)Marsh consists <strong>of</strong> areas <strong>of</strong> shallow water on the groundsurface which persist most <strong>of</strong> the year. <strong>The</strong>y usually have thinorganic-rich layers overlying variable depths <strong>of</strong> sedimentarymaterial . <strong>The</strong> characteristic vegetation <strong>of</strong>marsh areas consists<strong>of</strong> various reeds, sedges <strong>and</strong> grasses . This l<strong>and</strong> unit has beenmapped in small areas, mainly in South Dumfries Township .Urban L<strong>and</strong> (ULD)<strong>The</strong>se are areas delineated on the map to accommodateconcentrations <strong>of</strong> urban-related space including built-upareas, parks, golfcourses, railway yards, l<strong>and</strong>-fill sites, etc .
Table 7 . Mean horizon values <strong>of</strong><strong>Brant</strong> <strong>County</strong> soilsSoil Name<strong>and</strong> CodeHorizonNo. <strong>of</strong>SamplesDepth atHorizon Base(cm)Gravel%S<strong>and</strong>%Silt%Clay% TextureO.M .%pH inCac1 2CaCO,%Alluvium Ahk 1 20 0 46 38 16 L 4 .8 6 .9 12 .3(2ALU) Bm 1 43 0 65 24 11 SL 1 .6 7 .1 0 .9Ck 1 51 0 76 18 6 LS 1 .2 7 .2 20 .72Ck 1 70 80 16 5 GLS 0 .7 7 .2 25 .1Alluvium Ahk 4 24 0 32 48 20 L 4 .8 7 .2 8 .2(3-ALU) Bmj 3 59 0 38 48 14 L 2 .2 7 .3 0 .1Ckg 4 0 39 45 16 L 1 .6 7 .3 6 .4Alluvium Ah 2 23 0 16 58 26 SIL 6 .5 7 .5 1 .7(4-ALU) Bg 3 0 26 52 22 SIL 1 .7 7 .5 0 .7Ayr Ah 1 23 0 33 53 14 SIL 6 .4 7 .3 1 .3(AYR) Bg 2 64 4 31 57 12 SIL 0 .9 7 .6 13 .32Ckg 1 22 2 90 8 GSL 0 .0 7 .6 28 .2Berrien Ap 2 22 0 57 31 12 SL 2 .1 6 .5 0 .1(BRR) Bmg 2 42 0 47 41 12 L 0 .6 6 .6 0 .0Btg 3 65 0 21 40 39 CL 0 .6 6 .8 0 .02Ckg 2 0 4 50 46 SIC 0 .4 7 .5 10 .4Beverly Ap 5 21 0 6 59 35 SICL 5 .4 6 .9 0 .6(BVY) Bmgj 4 51 0 4 60 36 SICL 0 .8 7 .1 0 .8Btgj 5 62 0 5 56 39 SICL 0 .7 7 .1 0 .3Ckg 6 0 2 63 35 SICL 0 .3 7 .6 11 .2Bookton Ah 4 23 0 68 21 11 SL 3 .1 7 .2 0 .5(BOO) Bm 6 41 0 83 13 4 LS 0 .6 7 .0 0 .02Bt 8 74 0 11 58 31 SICL 0 .5 7 .4 3 .32Ck 7 1 8 65 27 SICL 0 .2 7 .6 20 .3Brady Ah 3 16 1 67 26 7 SL 5 .4 7 .0 0 .5(BAY) Bmgj 7 47 1 80 14 6 LS 0 .9 7 .1 1 .4Btgj 4 52 3 79 14 7 LS 0 .6 7 .3 0 .6Ckg 3 0 90 7 3 S 0 .4 7 .5 13 .1<strong>Brant</strong> Ah 4 17 0 23 64 13 SIL 3 .8 7 .1 0 .8(BRT) Bm 4 30 0 21 64 15 SIL 1 .5 6 .9 0 .1Bt 6 58 0 13 73 14 SIL 0 .6 7 .3 0 .4Ck 4 1 11 79 10 SIL 0.4 7 .6 11 .2<strong>Brant</strong>ford Ah 6 16 0 23 53 24 SIL 5 .0 7 .1 0 .4(BFO) Bm 7 29 0 19 62 19 SIL 1 .6 6 .8 0 .1Bt 8 52 0 14 51 35 SICL 0 .9 7 .2 2 .2Ck 7 0 3 61 36 SICL 0 .3 7 .6 18 .0Burford Ah 2 17 8 39 49 12 L 4 .2 7 .2 1 .3(BUF) Bm 2 35 21 41 47 12 GL 1 .7 7 .2 0 .3Bt 3 76 31 52 28 20 GSCL 0 .9 6 .8 1 .42Ck 2 48 81 13 6 GLS 0 .3 7 .5 20 .7Caledon Ah 1 15 0 48 42 10 L 3 .2 7 .4 3 .7(CAD) Bm 2 36 0 62 28 10 SL 1 .0 7 .5 0 .22Bt 2 74 29 55 23 22 GSCL 0 .7 7 .4 9 .72Ck 1 34 93 6 1 GS 0 .1 7 .7 27 .3Camilla Ah 2 29 0 51 38 11 SL 7 .4 7 .3 1 .6(CML) Bmgj 2 45 2 58 35 7 SL 1 .7 7 .2 0 .32Btgj 2 59 10 54 34 12 SL 1 .0 7 .4 2 .42Ckg 2 25 49 45 6 GSL 0 .2 7 .6 26 .2(Continuedon page 42)
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