The Soils of Brant County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
The Soils of Brant County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada The Soils of Brant County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Ah horizon(dark brown or black)- Bm horizon(light brown)- Bt horizon(dark brown or reddish brown)- Bg horizon(mottled brown)-Cg horizon(mottled light brown)- Ck horizon(light brown)Figure 12 .Diagrammatic soil profile of a well-drained BrunisolicGray Brown LuvisolFigure 13 .Diagrammatic soil profile of a poorly drainedOrthic Humic GleysolThe C horizon has undergone little weathering and changefrom the original parent material . In Brant County it is generallymoderately to strongly calcareous .Well-drained soils develop on landforms having good surfacedrainage or on coarse textured materials with rapid internaldrainage .Imperfectly drained soils generally have the same type andsequence of horizons as well-drained soils, but are differentiatedby darker-coloured Ah horizons and the presence of yellowish or reddish-coloured mottles, and duller coloursthroughout the B horizon .Poorly drained soils are water-saturated for a sufficientperiod of time to cause reducing conditions indicated by thedevelopment of gray colours in the B and C horizons, and mottles often with prominent yellowish-brown colours . The Ahhorizon generally has a higher level of organic matter thanimperfectly or well-drained soils, hence is darker in colour, andusually thicker.Asketch of a poorly drained profile is shown inFigure 13 .Soil OrdersThe soil order is the highest category in the Canadian soilclassification system (11) . There are.nine soil orders in this system,four of them being represented in the soils of BrantCounty.Most of the well and imperfectly drained soils in Brant. County belong to the Luvisolic order. They have a soil profilesimilar to that shown in Figure 12 . These soils have a darkgrayish-brown organic enriched Ah surface horizon (Ap if cultivated)or are underlain by a grayish-brown Bm horizon . Thedark-brown, clay-enriched Bt horizon usually containsincreased concentrations of clay, iron and aluminum . Theunderlying parent material is calcareous and may be of glacialtill, lacustrine or glaciofluvial outwash origin .Soils of the Brunisolic order in Brant County may befound mainly on recent alluvium deposits within the floodplainsof the Grand and other river systems, on some sandytextured outwash or deltaic deposits . They have thick, dark AhorAp surface horizons rich in organic matter overlying brownishBm horizons that are not clay-enriched . The soil parentmaterial is moderately to highly calcareous and, in some cases,free carbonates may be present in all horizons .Regosolic soils in Brant County occur on small, localizedareas such as floodplains of the Grand River where they are ofrecent origin, or on severely eroded landscapes where the soilparent material is exposed . Profile development is minimal,characterized by a surface horizon with varying amounts oforganic matter enrichment underlain by slightly altered parentmaterials .Soils ofthe Gleysolic order are poorly drained and occupythe lowest positions in a landscape. The surface horizons areorganic-enriched and overlie prominently mottled gray orgrayish-brown horizons . The underlying parent material alsoexhibits dull grayish or brownish colours, and usually containsfew, if any, brightly coloured mottles (Figure 13) .Organic soils occur in very poorly drained depressionallocations favouring the accumulation of vegetative remains .They have an organic matter content in excess of 30 percent,and the organic material extends to a depth ofat least 40 cm .(Continuedonpage22)20
Table 6 .Soil families of Brant CountySubgroup Mineralogy Reaction CalcareousSoilTemperatureSoilMoistureParticle SizeSeriesBrunisolic mixed alkaline strongly mild subhumid sandy FoxGray Brownmixed alkaline strongly mild subhumid coarseLuvisolWaterlooloamy Wilsonvillemixed alkaline strongly mild subhumid fine loamy Woolwichmixed neutral strongly mild subhumid loamy Dumfriesskeletalmixed alkaline strongly mild subhumid coarse loamy Burfordover sandy Caledonskeletal Teeswatermixed alkaline strongly mild subhumid sandy over Scotlandloamymixed alkaline strongly mild humid coarse silty BrantGuelphmixed alkaline strongly mild humid fine silty Harrisburgmixed alkaline strongly mild humid sandy over Booktonfine siltymixed alkaline strongly mild humid fine clayey BrantfordMurielSmithvilleOrthic Gray mixedBrownalkaline strongly mild humid fine loamy SenecaLuvisolGleyed mixed alkaline strongly mild humid loamy LondonOrthic Gray mixed alkaline strongly mild humid fine silty GoblesBrownLuvisolmixed alkaline strongly mild humid coarse silty Conestogomixed alkaline strongly mild humid fine clayey HaldimandBeverlymixed alkaline strongly mild subhumid coarse loamy Brisbaneover sandy Camillaskeletalmixed neutral strongly mild subhumid sandy over Oaklandloamymixed alkaline strongly mild humid coarse loamy HeidelbergBradyTuscolamixed alkaline strongly mild humid coarse loamy Berrienover clayeymixed alkaline strongly mild humid silty over OsborneclayeyOrthic mixedMelanicneutral weakly mild subhumid sandy PlainfieldBrunisolGleyed mixed alkalineOrthicstrongly mild subhumid sandy WalsinghamMelanicBrunisol(Continuedon page 22)2 1
- Page 1 and 2: The Soils ofBrant CountyVolume 1Ont
- Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . .
- Page 5 and 6: The soil survey, data collection, a
- Page 7 and 8: GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THEAREALocat
- Page 10 and 11: DevonianBois Blanc Formation : grey
- Page 12 and 13: DrumlinAbandoned shorelineMeltwater
- Page 14 and 15: Fox SoilsIWilsonville and Scotland
- Page 16 and 17: Figure 10 .Main streams and tributa
- Page 18 and 19: Table 5 .Climatic data forBrantford
- Page 22 and 23: Table6. Soil families ofBrant Count
- Page 24 and 25: GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SOILSSO
- Page 26 and 27: Soil DescriptionsGeneralized descri
- Page 28 and 29: Soil Moisture Characteristics Brady
- Page 30 and 31: Soil Moisture Characteristics Camil
- Page 32 and 33: Soil Moisture Characteristics Goble
- Page 34 and 35: are strongly calcareous . Soilreact
- Page 36 and 37: Soil Moisture Characteristics Scotl
- Page 38 and 39: Tuscola Soils (TUC)General Soil Des
- Page 40 and 41: dark-brown colour . The Ck horizons
- Page 42 and 43: Table7. Mean horizon values of Bran
- Page 44 and 45: Table 7 . Mean horizon values of Br
- Page 47 and 48: Procedure for Using Tables for Soil
- Page 49 and 50: Table 10 . Agricultural suitability
- Page 51 and 52: Table 10 . Agricultural suitability
- Page 53 and 54: Table 10 . Agricultural suitability
- Page 55 and 56: Table 11 . K-values, Erodbility cla
- Page 57 and 58: Table 11 . K-values, erodibility cl
- Page 59 and 60: Table 12.Guidelines for establishin
- Page 61 and 62: 1 . Johnson, C .M.,1967 . Brant Cou
Table 6 .Soil families <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brant</strong> <strong>County</strong>Subgroup Mineralogy Reaction CalcareousSoilTemperatureSoilMoistureParticle SizeSeriesBrunisolic mixed alkaline strongly mild subhumid s<strong>and</strong>y FoxGray Brownmixed alkaline strongly mild subhumid coarseLuvisolWaterlooloamy Wilsonvillemixed alkaline strongly mild subhumid fine loamy Woolwichmixed neutral strongly mild subhumid loamy Dumfriesskeletalmixed alkaline strongly mild subhumid coarse loamy Burfordover s<strong>and</strong>y Caledonskeletal Teeswatermixed alkaline strongly mild subhumid s<strong>and</strong>y over Scotl<strong>and</strong>loamymixed alkaline strongly mild humid coarse silty <strong>Brant</strong>Guelphmixed alkaline strongly mild humid fine silty Harrisburgmixed alkaline strongly mild humid s<strong>and</strong>y over Booktonfine siltymixed alkaline strongly mild humid fine clayey <strong>Brant</strong>fordMurielSmithvilleOrthic Gray mixedBrownalkaline strongly mild humid fine loamy SenecaLuvisolGleyed mixed alkaline strongly mild humid loamy LondonOrthic Gray mixed alkaline strongly mild humid fine silty GoblesBrownLuvisolmixed alkaline strongly mild humid coarse silty Conestogomixed alkaline strongly mild humid fine clayey Haldim<strong>and</strong>Beverlymixed alkaline strongly mild subhumid coarse loamy Brisbaneover s<strong>and</strong>y Camillaskeletalmixed neutral strongly mild subhumid s<strong>and</strong>y over Oakl<strong>and</strong>loamymixed alkaline strongly mild humid coarse loamy HeidelbergBradyTuscolamixed alkaline strongly mild humid coarse loamy Berrienover clayeymixed alkaline strongly mild humid silty over OsborneclayeyOrthic mixedMelanicneutral weakly mild subhumid s<strong>and</strong>y PlainfieldBrunisolGleyed mixed alkalineOrthicstrongly mild subhumid s<strong>and</strong>y WalsinghamMelanicBrunisol(Continuedon page 22)2 1
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