The Soils of Brant County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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THE SOILS OFBRANT COUNTYVolume 1REPORT NO . 55OF THEONTARIO INSTITUTE OF PEDOLOGYbyC .J . ActonLand Resource Research CentreResearch BranchAgriculture CanadaGuelph, Ontario1989Land Resource Research Centre Contribution No . 89-18 .
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6GENERALDESCRIPTION OFTHEAREA . . . . . . . . . . 7Location and Extent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Early History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Present Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Geology and Physiography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Bedrock Geology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Surficial Geology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Physiography and Sediments and theirRelationship to Soils in the County . . . . . . . . . . 12Relief and Drainage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17HOW THE SOILS WEREMAPPED ANDCLASSIFIED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19Soil Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19Survey Intensity and Map Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Soil Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Soil Orders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Soil Great Groups and Subgroups . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Soil Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Soil Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Soil Phases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23Miscellaneous Land Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23Soil Map Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS OF THESOILS . . . . . . . . .24Soil Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24Soil Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26Alluvial Soils (ALU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26Ayr Soils (AYR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26Berrien Soils (BRR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26Beverly Soils (BVY) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Bookton Soils (BOO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Brady Soils (BAY) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27TABLE OF CONTENTSHeidelberg Soils (HIG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Kelvin Soils (KVN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Lincoln Soils (LIC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Maryhill Soils (MYL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Muriel Soils (MUI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34Oakland Soils (OKL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35Plainfield Soils (PFD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35Scotland Soils (STD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35Seneca Soils (SNA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Smithville Soils (SHV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Stayner Soils (STN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Styx Soils (SYX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Teeswater Soils (TEW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Toledo Soils (TLD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Tuscola Soils (TUC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Vanessa Soils (VSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Walsingham Soils (WAM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Waterin Soils (WRN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Waterloo Soils (WTO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Wauseon Soils (WUS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Wilsonville Soils (WIL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Woolwich Soils (WOW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40MISCELLANEOUS LAND UNITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40Alluvium (ALU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Escarpment (ESC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40Marsh (MAR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Urban Land (ULD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40SOIL INTERPRETATIONS FOR AGRICULTURE . . . .44A . Agricultural Capability Classification forCommon Field Crops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44Capability Classification for Mineral Soils . . . . . .44Soil Capability Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44Soil Capability Subclasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45Capability Classification for Organic Soils . . . . . .45Organic Soil Capability Classes . . . . . . . . . . .45BrantSoils (BRT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Brantford Soils (BFO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Procedure for Using Tables for Soil CapabilityBurford Soils (BUF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Classes with Brant County Soil Maps . . . . . . .47Caledon Soils (CAD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 B. Agricultural Suitability Ratings for Special Crops . . . .47Camilla Soils (CML) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Soil Suitability Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47Colwood Soils (CWO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47Conestogo Soils (CTG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 How to Determine Special Crop SuitabilityDumfries Soils (DUF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48Fox Soils (FOX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 C. Soil Erosion Interpretations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53Gilford Soils (GFD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Soil Interpretations for Water Erosion . . . . . . . . . . 53Gobles Soils (GOB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Rainfall Erosivity (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53Granby Soils (GNY) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Soil Map Unit Erosion Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54Guelph Soils (GUP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Site-specific Assessment of Soil ErosionHaldimand Soils (HIM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54Harrisburg Soils (HBG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Page 1: The Soils ofBrant CountyVolume 1Ont
Page 5 and 6: The soil survey, data collection, a
Page 7 and 8: GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THEAREALocat
Page 10 and 11: DevonianBois Blanc Formation : grey
Page 12 and 13: DrumlinAbandoned shorelineMeltwater
Page 14 and 15: Fox SoilsIWilsonville and Scotland
Page 16 and 17: Figure 10 .Main streams and tributa
Page 18 and 19: Table 5 .Climatic data forBrantford
Page 20 and 21: Ah horizon(dark brown or black)- Bm
Page 22 and 23: Table6. Soil families ofBrant Count
Page 24 and 25: GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SOILSSO
Page 26 and 27: Soil DescriptionsGeneralized descri
Page 28 and 29: Soil Moisture Characteristics Brady
Page 30 and 31: Soil Moisture Characteristics Camil
Page 32 and 33: Soil Moisture Characteristics Goble
Page 34 and 35: are strongly calcareous . Soilreact
Page 36 and 37: Soil Moisture Characteristics Scotl
Page 38 and 39: Tuscola Soils (TUC)General Soil Des
Page 40 and 41: dark-brown colour . The Ck horizons
Page 42 and 43: Table7. Mean horizon values of Bran
Page 44 and 45: Table 7 . Mean horizon values of Br
Page 47 and 48: Procedure for Using Tables for Soil
Page 49 and 50: Table 10 . Agricultural suitability
Page 51 and 52: Table 10 . Agricultural suitability
Page 53 and 54:
Table 10 . Agricultural suitability
Page 55 and 56:
Table 11 . K-values, Erodbility cla
Page 57 and 58:
Table 11 . K-values, erodibility cl
Page 59 and 60:
Table 12.Guidelines for establishin
Page 61 and 62:
1 . Johnson, C .M.,1967 . Brant Cou
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