The Soils of Brant County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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Figure 10 .Main streams and tributaries in Brant CountyBrant, Tuscola and Colwood soils have developed on thesilt loam lacustrine sediments northeast of Brantford . In areaswhere the clay content of the sediment has increased to siltyclay loam and silty clay textures, Brantford, Beverly andToledo soils occur. Deep-water lacustrine sediments occursoutheast of Brantford characterized by clay and heavy claytextures . These include Smithville, Haldimand and Lincolnsoils . Shallow, multi-layered sediments give rise to differentsoils . Where thin deposits of sand overlie clayey materials atdepths of 40 to 100 cm, Bookton, Berrien and Wauseon soilsare recognized . If siltytextures overlie the clay sediments, Harrisburg,Osborne and Ohsweken soils occur. The landscaperelationships of these lacustrine soils with the adjacent Galtmoraine, extending from the southern portion of South DumfriesTownship into Brantford, Onondaga and Tuscaroratownships are depicted in Figure 7 .Late Wisconsinan alluvium occurs on terrace remnantsalong the major water courses while modern alluvium is beingdeposited on present-day floodplains and in stream channels .The former consists mainly of sand and gravel while the latteris mainly sand and silt with minor gravel . Peat, muck, and marlconstitute bog deposits occurring in closed depressions and inlow-lying areas where the water table is near the surface . Thelatter situation occurs over a large area south ofMount VernonStation where a veneer of organic material from 10 cm up to1 metre thick overlies the glaciolacustrine sand, shown inFigure 4 .Burford soils generally occur on the upper terrace remnantsof the Grand River comprising Late Wisconsinan alluvium. Floodplains of major streams with recent alluviumdeposits have been mapped as Alluvium . Swamp depositswhich consist of organic sediments in excess of 40 cm thick areclassified as Styx or Stayner soils .The variability of the above-described sediments contributesto a wide variety of soil conditions in Brant County.Relief and DrainageBrant County has a relatively low relief, generally less than100 metres, this being provided by a number of glacialmoraines in the County. Elevations decrease from 300 metresin the northwest to 202 metres in the southeast . The GrandRiver meanders diagonally across the County in the samedirection to empty into Lake Erie.There are five main tributaries that contribute to thedrainage system for the County. These are the Nith River and
Kenny, Whiteman and Big Creeks in the western part of theCounty, and the Fairchild, Big, Boston and McKenzie Creekswhich are active drainage courses in the eastern and southernportions of the County. The pattern of this drainage system isshown in Figure 10 .ClimateClimate has had an impact on the development ofthe soilsin Brant County through its influence on soil temperature andprecipitation . The rate of chemical and biological activitieswithin the soil is largely affected by its temperature . Also, precipitationcontrols the rate of leaching of soluble constituentsfrom the soil .The regional climate is important to the agricultural productivityofthe County. It is influenced noticeably by the moderatingeffects of the Great Lakes . The result is slightly lowertemperatures during the spring, but higher temperatures duringthe autumn months and winter compared to other regionsoutside of this influence. Figure 11 illustrates the approximateboundary of the climatic regions in Brant County (9) .The data given in Table 5 are long-term averages for temperature,precipitation, corn heat units, length of growing seasonand mean dates of first and last frosts (8,9) . They indicatethe favourable climate of this part of Ontario for the productionof a wide range of farm and specialized agriculturalcrops .80°3080°000ôACa 0WOM V0OMV\ . Hagersville(740')AW0OKitchener(1125)\\1Caledonia\(675')--- County boundaries"""""" Township boundaries----- Boundary of climatic regions80°3080°00Figure 11 .Climatic regions in Brant County
Page 1 and 2: The Soils ofBrant CountyVolume 1Ont
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . .
Page 5 and 6: The soil survey, data collection, a
Page 7 and 8: GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THEAREALocat
Page 10 and 11: DevonianBois Blanc Formation : grey
Page 12 and 13: DrumlinAbandoned shorelineMeltwater
Page 14 and 15: Fox SoilsIWilsonville and Scotland
Page 18 and 19: Table 5 .Climatic data forBrantford
Page 20 and 21: Ah horizon(dark brown or black)- Bm
Page 22 and 23: Table6. Soil families ofBrant Count
Page 24 and 25: GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SOILSSO
Page 26 and 27: Soil DescriptionsGeneralized descri
Page 28 and 29: Soil Moisture Characteristics Brady
Page 30 and 31: Soil Moisture Characteristics Camil
Page 32 and 33: Soil Moisture Characteristics Goble
Page 34 and 35: are strongly calcareous . Soilreact
Page 36 and 37: Soil Moisture Characteristics Scotl
Page 38 and 39: Tuscola Soils (TUC)General Soil Des
Page 40 and 41: dark-brown colour . The Ck horizons
Page 42 and 43: Table7. Mean horizon values of Bran
Page 44 and 45: Table 7 . Mean horizon values of Br
Page 47 and 48: Procedure for Using Tables for Soil
Page 49 and 50: Table 10 . Agricultural suitability
Page 55 and 56: Table 11 . K-values, Erodbility cla
Page 57 and 58: Table 11 . K-values, erodibility cl
Page 59 and 60: Table 12.Guidelines for establishin
Page 61 and 62: 1 . Johnson, C .M.,1967 . Brant Cou

The Soils of Brant County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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