The Soils of Brant County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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Fox SoilsIWilsonville and Scotland SoilsIBrant SoilsLacustrineloamy sandLacustrine loamy sand and sandand sandFigure 6 .Schematic landscape cross-section showing soil parent materials associated with Galt Moraine near ScotlandGuelph and Woolwich SoilsLacustrine silt loamBrant SoilsI Burford lI and ITeeswaterI Soils II Gravel ILacustrine silt loamIIIBookton and ISmithville, HaldimandI BrSoils I and Seneca SoilsLacustrineloamy sandand sandInFigure 7 .Schematic landscape cross-section between Paris and Ohsweken showing soil parent materials associated with the GaltMoraine and adjacent glaciofluvial and lacustrine sedimentsdeposited as valley trains along the Grand River and Nith Rivermeltwater channels ; much of the remainder is deltaic or occursas an outwash apron fronting the Paris moraine . These gravelsare usually weakly stratified and poorly sorted and range fromless than 1 to morethan 15 metres inthickness . Lithology ofthepebble grade materials is largely carbonate but far-travelled,resistant Precambrian materials comprise a sizeable percentage(5) . The mineralogy ofthe sand fraction (5) is noticeable byits content of grey shale and materials such as quartz and feldsparof Precambrian origin . The shale is derived primarilyfrom the easily eroded Salina formation and increases noticeablysouth of the upper contact with the Guelph formation(Figure 3) . The increase in Precambrian materials (comparewith pebble grade) is indicative of the attrition of larger fragmentswith distance. Minor amounts of sand and gravel of icecontactorigin are also present .Burford and Caledon soils have developed on gravel andgravelly sand deposits of glaciofluvial origin . A schematiccross-section including the Grand River and Paris moraineshown in Figure 8, illustrates the relationship of recent alluviumdeposits to the adjacent glaciofluvial outwash andmorainal materials .Lacustrine sediments form the surface materials of muchofthe County. Alarge part ofBurford Township and a portionofBrantford Township are mantled with thick deposits of deltaic fine sands . These range in thickness from 10 metres nearHarley to 15 metres near Mount Pleasant and 23 metres nearthe Brantford airport . In addition, a thin veneer of this sandoverlies much ofthe remainder ofthe County.14
IAlluvium I Burford Soils I Caledon I Dumfries SoilsSoilsAlluvial sedimentsII Lacustrine sandI and loamy sandIL ._II__ I __L_I , _..L_L 1 Satina Formation L L _L I ...1._ _.L_(shale, gypsum, dolostone) 1 1-.L -L 1 -._1Figure 8 .Schematic landscape cross-section showing soil parent materials associated with the Grand River and the Paris Morainenear ParisPlainfield and Walsingham SoilsFox and Brady SoilsBookton andBerrien SoilsFigure 9 .Schematic landscape cross-section showing the relationship of surficial sands to underlying deposits on the sand plainnear CathcartThe coarser sand sediments deposited in the shallowwaters of glacial lakes Whittlesey and Warren, are mapped asFox, Brady and Granby soils . The Plainfield, Walsingham andWaterin soils have developed in the wind-modified fine sandsthat represent deeper water deposits of the same glacial lakes .Waterloo and Heidelberg soils are developed on the fine sandyloam and very fine sandy loam sediments . The landscape relationshipsof sandy lacustrine and eolian soils in the County areshown schematically in Figure 9 .Fine-grained lacustrine silt and clay sediments occupymost ofthe eastern half ofthe County. These consist of laminatedto varved silts and clays which are highly susceptible toerosion on bare slopes ; they constitute alandslide hazard alongthe Grand River where steep banks occur. Thickness is variablewith the underlying topography. The upper surface is essentiallyflat with a gently southeasterly slope. Up to 35 metres oflacustrine sediment is present at Harrisburg, 40 metres near St .George, 20 metres at Ohsweken, and lesser amounts wheredrift is shallow in Tuscarora Township and where drumlinsprotrude up through the silts and clays . Carbonate concretionsare common locally ; these are irregularly shaped with maximumdiameters of 20 cm and maximum thicknesses of 1 cm .Pebbles and cobbles are rare. Principal clay minerals inthe claysize fraction are chlorite and illite with only minor amounts ofexpanding clay minerals (7) . However, non-clay minerals suchas quartz and calcite predominate over the clay minerals .
Page 1 and 2: The Soils ofBrant CountyVolume 1Ont
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . .
Page 5 and 6: The soil survey, data collection, a
Page 7 and 8: GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THEAREALocat
Page 10 and 11: DevonianBois Blanc Formation : grey
Page 12 and 13: DrumlinAbandoned shorelineMeltwater
Page 16 and 17: Figure 10 .Main streams and tributa
Page 18 and 19: Table 5 .Climatic data forBrantford
Page 20 and 21: Ah horizon(dark brown or black)- Bm
Page 22 and 23: Table6. Soil families ofBrant Count
Page 24 and 25: GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SOILSSO
Page 26 and 27: Soil DescriptionsGeneralized descri
Page 28 and 29: Soil Moisture Characteristics Brady
Page 30 and 31: Soil Moisture Characteristics Camil
Page 32 and 33: Soil Moisture Characteristics Goble
Page 34 and 35: are strongly calcareous . Soilreact
Page 36 and 37: Soil Moisture Characteristics Scotl
Page 38 and 39: Tuscola Soils (TUC)General Soil Des
Page 40 and 41: dark-brown colour . The Ck horizons
Page 42 and 43: Table7. Mean horizon values of Bran
Page 44 and 45: Table 7 . Mean horizon values of Br
Page 47 and 48: Procedure for Using Tables for Soil
Page 49 and 50: Table 10 . Agricultural suitability
Page 55 and 56: Table 11 . K-values, Erodbility cla
Page 57 and 58: Table 11 . K-values, erodibility cl
Page 59 and 60: Table 12.Guidelines for establishin
Page 61 and 62: 1 . Johnson, C .M.,1967 . Brant Cou

The Soils of Brant County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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