The Soils of Brant County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
The Soils of Brant County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada The Soils of Brant County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
DrumlinAbandoned shorelineMeltwater channelRecent8 Alluvium : Sand, silt, gravel7 Bog deposits : peat, muck, marlWisconsinan6 Glaciolacustrine silt and clay5 Glaciolacustrine and glaciofluvial sand4 Glaciofluvial outwash gravel and gravelly sand3 Ice-contact stratified drift : gravel and sand2 Wentworth Till : yellowish brown silty sand and till1 Port Stanley Till : clayey silt tillFigure 4 .Surficial geology of Brant CountyRetreat of the Wentworth ice was also accompanied by theformation of a large proglacial lake, Lake Whittlesey, intowhich large quantities of deltaic sand and gravel were deposited, particularly in Burford Township. Fluctuations in waterlevels and a later glacier advance into the Dundas Valley causeda series of lower lake levels to result, including Lakes Wayne,Warren, Grassmere, and Lundy. These lakes resulted in thedeposition of deltaic sands at Brantford and large amounts ofdeep water silt and clay in South Dumfries, Brantford, Onondaga,and Tuscarora Townships (Figure 4) . Final drainage ofglacial lake waters in Brant County was effected approximately12,000 years ago . Since that time, alluvial sedimentshave continuously been laid down along the major watercourses and soil development has progressed .12Physiography and Sediments and Their Relationship toSoils of the CountyThe distribution of the principal soil forming glacial sedimentsis shown in Figure 4 (5) . Of the tills shown in Table 4,only the Port Stanley and Wentworth tills are common at thesurface, while the Catfish Creek and older tills only occur indeep exposures or locally as small inliers . Lithology of the surfacetills is given in Table 4 .The Catfish Creek till is a very hard grey to yellowishbrowntill, occurring as buried ground moraine for the mostpart . Where it is exposed, its thickness ranges from 0 .5 to 10metres . At the surface it is very similar to the Wentworth tilland may be present as inhers within the units mapped asWentworth .
Table4.Properties of principal tills occurring in Brant CountyGrain SizeAnalyses(percent means)Pebble Lithology(percent means)Carbonates(minus 200 mesh)âZCc~aÛcEbâdZc0ââ.2ZCuÛw 'AÛôaC c.Wentworth Till (a) 20 49 39 12 0.010-0 .297 18 11 81 2 3 3 19 39 .7 0 .6Wentworth Till (b) 9 28 49 22 0.004-0 .024 6 2 93 1 1 3 7 46 .8 0 .3Port Stanley Till 22 16 56 28 0.0018-0 .042 16 19 70 3 3 4 22 30 .6 1 .6Catfish Creek Till 7 48 36 16 0.027-0 .160 5 25 69 0 0 5 7 38 .0 0 .9z c~v w`ZaeaE~ôôow c~ ÛThe Port Stanley till occurs as acaponthe Tillsonburg andNorwich moraines, and as ground moraine. It ranges from 1 to10 metres in thickness and is usually a grey colour which oxidizes to brown or yellowish-brown. Strong leaching is presentto a depth of 20 to 40 cm but is locally greater than this . Thepebble lithology generally reflects the underlying dolomiticterrain with a strong influence of limestone transported fromthe south and southeast . The fine texture of this till makes itsusceptibleto frost heaving .Muriel, Gobles and Kelvin soils have developed onthe siltyclay loam Port Stanley till . Where sand blankets the till to adepth of 40 to 100 cm, till phases of the Bookton, Berrien andWauseon soils are mapped . The relationship of these soils onthe Tillsonburg moraine near Harley, to adjacent lacustrineand eolian sands, is shown in Figure 5 .The Wentworth till (Table 4) is strongly dolomitic withmuch of the dolomite of Guelph-Lockport affinity. This tilloccurs primarily in the Paris, Galt, and Moffat moraines. It isgenerally yellowish-brown in colour and ranges from 3 to morethan 20 metres in thickness . In the Paris moraine and southernpart of the Galt moraine the till is frequently thin overlyingsand and gravel . Drumlins in Tuscarora Township and associatedsmall patches of ground moraine are correlated with theWentworth till, though texturally finer. Greater limestone contentoccurs in the pebble lithology in this area due to transportfrom the Bois Blanc and more southerly limestone units .Dumfries soils have developed on hummocky landformsand Guelph and Woolwich soils on undulating or rolling areasthroughout much of the Galt and Paris moraines . On southernextensions of the Galt moraine, where the glacial till materialshave higher sand and gravel contents, Wilsonville and Scotlandsoils occur. Seneca soils have developed on drumlinized landformsof loam glacial till in Tuscarora Township . Schematiccross-sections depicting the relationships of the Wentworthglacial tillto overlying sands and adjacent glaciolacustrine sedimentsare shown in Figures 6 and 7 .A large area west of Brantford is underlain by gravels andgravelly sand of glaciofluvial origin . Most of this is outwashPlainfield i Muriel and Gobles SoilsLacustrine loamy sand and sandBookton Till PhaseI and Berrien Till Ii Phase Soils IIIIFox SoilsEolian fineFigure 5 .Schematic landscape cross-section showing soil parent materials associated with the Tillsonburg Moraine near Harley13
- Page 1 and 2: The Soils ofBrant CountyVolume 1Ont
- Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . .
- Page 5 and 6: The soil survey, data collection, a
- Page 7 and 8: GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THEAREALocat
- Page 10 and 11: DevonianBois Blanc Formation : grey
- Page 14 and 15: Fox SoilsIWilsonville and Scotland
- Page 16 and 17: Figure 10 .Main streams and tributa
- Page 18 and 19: Table 5 .Climatic data forBrantford
- Page 20 and 21: Ah horizon(dark brown or black)- Bm
- Page 22 and 23: Table6. Soil families ofBrant Count
- Page 24 and 25: GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SOILSSO
- Page 26 and 27: Soil DescriptionsGeneralized descri
- Page 28 and 29: Soil Moisture Characteristics Brady
- Page 30 and 31: Soil Moisture Characteristics Camil
- Page 32 and 33: Soil Moisture Characteristics Goble
- Page 34 and 35: are strongly calcareous . Soilreact
- Page 36 and 37: Soil Moisture Characteristics Scotl
- Page 38 and 39: Tuscola Soils (TUC)General Soil Des
- Page 40 and 41: dark-brown colour . The Ck horizons
- Page 42 and 43: Table7. Mean horizon values of Bran
- Page 44 and 45: Table 7 . Mean horizon values of Br
- Page 47 and 48: Procedure for Using Tables for Soil
- Page 49 and 50: Table 10 . Agricultural suitability
- Page 51 and 52: Table 10 . Agricultural suitability
- Page 53 and 54: Table 10 . Agricultural suitability
- Page 55 and 56: Table 11 . K-values, Erodbility cla
- Page 57 and 58: Table 11 . K-values, erodibility cl
- Page 59 and 60: Table 12.Guidelines for establishin
- Page 61 and 62: 1 . Johnson, C .M.,1967 . Brant Cou
Table4.Properties <strong>of</strong> principal tills occurring in <strong>Brant</strong> <strong>County</strong>Grain SizeAnalyses(percent means)Pebble Lithology(percent means)Carbonates(minus 200 mesh)âZCc~aÛcEbâdZc0ââ.2ZCuÛw 'AÛôaC c.Wentworth Till (a) 20 49 39 12 0.010-0 .297 18 11 81 2 3 3 19 39 .7 0 .6Wentworth Till (b) 9 28 49 22 0.004-0 .024 6 2 93 1 1 3 7 46 .8 0 .3Port Stanley Till 22 16 56 28 0.0018-0 .042 16 19 70 3 3 4 22 30 .6 1 .6Catfish Creek Till 7 48 36 16 0.027-0 .160 5 25 69 0 0 5 7 38 .0 0 .9z c~v w`ZaeaE~ôôow c~ Û<strong>The</strong> Port Stanley till occurs as acaponthe Tillsonburg <strong>and</strong>Norwich moraines, <strong>and</strong> as ground moraine. It ranges from 1 to10 metres in thickness <strong>and</strong> is usually a grey colour which oxidizes to brown or yellowish-brown. Strong leaching is presentto a depth <strong>of</strong> 20 to 40 cm but is locally greater than this . <strong>The</strong>pebble lithology generally reflects the underlying dolomiticterrain with a strong influence <strong>of</strong> limestone transported fromthe south <strong>and</strong> southeast . <strong>The</strong> fine texture <strong>of</strong> this till makes itsusceptibleto frost heaving .Muriel, Gobles <strong>and</strong> Kelvin soils have developed onthe siltyclay loam Port Stanley till . Where s<strong>and</strong> blankets the till to adepth <strong>of</strong> 40 to 100 cm, till phases <strong>of</strong> the Bookton, Berrien <strong>and</strong>Wauseon soils are mapped . <strong>The</strong> relationship <strong>of</strong> these soils onthe Tillsonburg moraine near Harley, to adjacent lacustrine<strong>and</strong> eolian s<strong>and</strong>s, is shown in Figure 5 .<strong>The</strong> Wentworth till (Table 4) is strongly dolomitic withmuch <strong>of</strong> the dolomite <strong>of</strong> Guelph-Lockport affinity. This tilloccurs primarily in the Paris, Galt, <strong>and</strong> M<strong>of</strong>fat moraines. It isgenerally yellowish-brown in colour <strong>and</strong> ranges from 3 to morethan 20 metres in thickness . In the Paris moraine <strong>and</strong> southernpart <strong>of</strong> the Galt moraine the till is frequently thin overlyings<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> gravel . Drumlins in Tuscarora Township <strong>and</strong> associatedsmall patches <strong>of</strong> ground moraine are correlated with theWentworth till, though texturally finer. Greater limestone contentoccurs in the pebble lithology in this area due to transportfrom the Bois Blanc <strong>and</strong> more southerly limestone units .Dumfries soils have developed on hummocky l<strong>and</strong>forms<strong>and</strong> Guelph <strong>and</strong> Woolwich soils on undulating or rolling areasthroughout much <strong>of</strong> the Galt <strong>and</strong> Paris moraines . On southernextensions <strong>of</strong> the Galt moraine, where the glacial till materialshave higher s<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> gravel contents, Wilsonville <strong>and</strong> Scotl<strong>and</strong>soils occur. Seneca soils have developed on drumlinized l<strong>and</strong>forms<strong>of</strong> loam glacial till in Tuscarora Township . Schematiccross-sections depicting the relationships <strong>of</strong> the Wentworthglacial tillto overlying s<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> adjacent glaciolacustrine sedimentsare shown in Figures 6 <strong>and</strong> 7 .A large area west <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brant</strong>ford is underlain by gravels <strong>and</strong>gravelly s<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> glaci<strong>of</strong>luvial origin . Most <strong>of</strong> this is outwashPlainfield i Muriel <strong>and</strong> Gobles <strong>Soils</strong>Lacustrine loamy s<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> s<strong>and</strong>Bookton Till PhaseI <strong>and</strong> Berrien Till Ii Phase <strong>Soils</strong> IIIIFox <strong>Soils</strong>Eolian fineFigure 5 .Schematic l<strong>and</strong>scape cross-section showing soil parent materials associated with the Tillsonburg Moraine near Harley13
Change language