The Soils of Brant County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
The Soils of Brant County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada The Soils of Brant County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
DevonianBois Blanc Formation : grey and greyish brown dolomite,limestone and nodular chertSilurianBass Island Formation : cream and tan dolomiteSalina Formation (undivided) : dolomite, shale and gypsum lensesGuelph Formation . cream and brown dolomiteFigure 3 . Paleozoic geology ofBrant County (from Geol . Surv. Canada Map 1263A)The oldest glacial deposits in the area were first describedby Karrow (4) who discovered old buried tills along the NithRiver. These were described as the "lower beds" and the overlying Canning till . They appear to represent fluctuations ofOntario-Erie basin glaciers in Early Wisconsinan time (about115,000 to 65,000 years ago) and are not well-known . Anapparent hiatus in deposition (in Brant County) followed duringLate Wisconsinan time (about 23,000 to 10,000 years ago) .The first of'these glaciations occurred from a northeasterlydirection and extended well into the United States about 18,000years ago . The Catfish Creek till (Table 4) was deposited by thisglacier. Retreat into the Erie basin resulted in proglacial lakesand the deposition of silts and clays at least as far east as theParis-Brantford area. These sediments are usually referred toas the Erie Interstadial .Rejuvenation of the ice about 15,000 years ago resulted inan advance from an easterly to southeasterly direction to atleast as far west as Woodstock with the resulting deposition ofthe Port Stanley till . A fluctuating retreat of this ice sheetresulted in the building of several terminal moraines, of whichfragments of the two youngest, the most easterly Norwich andTillsonburg moraines (6), occur in western Brant County.Withdrawal of the Port Stanley ice to at least as far east asBrantford was followed by a strong advance to the Parismoraine, with the deposition ofthe Wentworth till and copiousamounts of proglacial outwash gravels . Recession led to furtherdeposition of outwash gravels (in part deltaic) along theGrand River valley, and contributed to the building ofthe Gaitand Moffat moraines.10
Table 3 . Pleistocene stratigraphy and associated soils of Brant CountyStageRock unitor eventLithology Morphology Soil Map ComponentsWell andImperfectlyPoorly andmoderatelyvery poorlywell-draineddraineddrainedRecent modern silt, sand, flood plains, valley bottoms Alluviumalluvium gravelswamp peat, muck, filled depressions Styxdeposits marl Staynerolder alluvium gravel, sand terrace remnants Burford Brisbane GilfordWhittlesey, sand deltaic sand plains Fox Brady GranbyWarren, and Plainfield Walsingham Waterinyounger glaciallakessand and silt lacustrine plains Brant Tuscola ColwoodHarrisburg Osborne Ohswekenclayand silt lacustrine plains Brantford Beverly ToledoBookton Berrien WauseonSmithville Haldimand Lincolngravel abandoned shorelines Burfordglaciofluvial gravel outwash plains and terraces Burford Brisbane GilfordTeeswatersand outwash plains and terraces Caledon Camilla AyrFox Brady GranbyLate Wentworth stony sand till bouldery, hummocky end Dumfries LilyWisconsinan Till moraine Wilsonvillesand and silt gently rolling ground moraine Guelph Londontill Woolwich Conestogo Maryhillsand and sand moraine with sand veneer Scotland Oakland Vanessatillsand and silt moderately to steeply sloping SenecadrumlinsIce-contact sand and mainly buried Burforddeposits, gravel (coarseoutwashphase)Port Stanley clay and silt till rolling end moraine and flat to Muriel Gobles KelvinTill rolling ground moraine Bookton Berrien Wauseonoutwash, sand, gravel mainly buriedice-contactlacustrineCatfish Creek stony silt and mainly buriedTillsand tillEarly Canning Till silt-clay till mainly buriedWisconsinan"lower beds" silt-clay till, mainly buriedstratified drift
- Page 1 and 2: The Soils ofBrant CountyVolume 1Ont
- Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . .
- Page 5 and 6: The soil survey, data collection, a
- Page 7 and 8: GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THEAREALocat
- Page 12 and 13: DrumlinAbandoned shorelineMeltwater
- Page 14 and 15: Fox SoilsIWilsonville and Scotland
- Page 16 and 17: Figure 10 .Main streams and tributa
- Page 18 and 19: Table 5 .Climatic data forBrantford
- Page 20 and 21: Ah horizon(dark brown or black)- Bm
- Page 22 and 23: Table6. Soil families ofBrant Count
- Page 24 and 25: GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SOILSSO
- Page 26 and 27: Soil DescriptionsGeneralized descri
- Page 28 and 29: Soil Moisture Characteristics Brady
- Page 30 and 31: Soil Moisture Characteristics Camil
- Page 32 and 33: Soil Moisture Characteristics Goble
- Page 34 and 35: are strongly calcareous . Soilreact
- Page 36 and 37: Soil Moisture Characteristics Scotl
- Page 38 and 39: Tuscola Soils (TUC)General Soil Des
- Page 40 and 41: dark-brown colour . The Ck horizons
- Page 42 and 43: Table7. Mean horizon values of Bran
- Page 44 and 45: Table 7 . Mean horizon values of Br
- Page 47 and 48: Procedure for Using Tables for Soil
- Page 49 and 50: Table 10 . Agricultural suitability
- Page 51 and 52: Table 10 . Agricultural suitability
- Page 53 and 54: Table 10 . Agricultural suitability
- Page 55 and 56: Table 11 . K-values, Erodbility cla
- Page 57 and 58: Table 11 . K-values, erodibility cl
Table 3 . Pleistocene stratigraphy <strong>and</strong> associated soils <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brant</strong> <strong>County</strong>StageRock unitor eventLithology Morphology Soil Map ComponentsWell <strong>and</strong>ImperfectlyPoorly <strong>and</strong>moderatelyvery poorlywell-draineddraineddrainedRecent modern silt, s<strong>and</strong>, flood plains, valley bottoms Alluviumalluvium gravelswamp peat, muck, filled depressions Styxdeposits marl Staynerolder alluvium gravel, s<strong>and</strong> terrace remnants Burford Brisbane GilfordWhittlesey, s<strong>and</strong> deltaic s<strong>and</strong> plains Fox Brady GranbyWarren, <strong>and</strong> Plainfield Walsingham Waterinyounger glaciallakess<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> silt lacustrine plains <strong>Brant</strong> Tuscola ColwoodHarrisburg Osborne Ohswekenclay<strong>and</strong> silt lacustrine plains <strong>Brant</strong>ford Beverly ToledoBookton Berrien WauseonSmithville Haldim<strong>and</strong> Lincolngravel ab<strong>and</strong>oned shorelines Burfordglaci<strong>of</strong>luvial gravel outwash plains <strong>and</strong> terraces Burford Brisbane GilfordTeeswaters<strong>and</strong> outwash plains <strong>and</strong> terraces Caledon Camilla AyrFox Brady GranbyLate Wentworth stony s<strong>and</strong> till bouldery, hummocky end Dumfries LilyWisconsinan Till moraine Wilsonvilles<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> silt gently rolling ground moraine Guelph Londontill Woolwich Conestogo Maryhills<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> s<strong>and</strong> moraine with s<strong>and</strong> veneer Scotl<strong>and</strong> Oakl<strong>and</strong> Vanessatills<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> silt moderately to steeply sloping SenecadrumlinsIce-contact s<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> mainly buried Burforddeposits, gravel (coarseoutwashphase)Port Stanley clay <strong>and</strong> silt till rolling end moraine <strong>and</strong> flat to Muriel Gobles KelvinTill rolling ground moraine Bookton Berrien Wauseonoutwash, s<strong>and</strong>, gravel mainly buriedice-contactlacustrineCatfish Creek stony silt <strong>and</strong> mainly buriedTills<strong>and</strong> tillEarly Canning Till silt-clay till mainly buriedWisconsinan"lower beds" silt-clay till, mainly buriedstratified drift
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