hne hen®p \o´p-tºmƒ 10 bi-kp-b¿Øm-≥ 6 bp-en-]v ... - Muthoot Group

Vol. 4 Issue 8 August 2010 Kochi Price Rs. 10/- Pages 20bi-kp-b¿Øm-≥6d_¿hne hen®p \o´p-tºmƒ10bp-en-]v \nb-{¥Ww C¿Ubn¬19

August 20105F-¥p-sIm-≠v- ]n-Fw-F-kv-?-kv-t‰m-°v- am¿-°-‰v-kw-_‘-am-b-\n-ß-fp-sS-kw-i-b-߃-°pw-\n¿-t±-i-߃-°pw-F-gp-Xp-I-Stock Market Calling, Voice of Wealth,C/o. Empower Chronicle, 34/ 1873, I,IInd Floor, Mazhavanchery Enclave,Mamngalam, Kochi-682025, Email:Rm-s\m-cp- tUm-Œ-dm-Wv.- kv-t‰m-°v- am¿-°-‰n-s‚- \o-°-ß-fpw- a-‰pw- {i-≤n-°p-hm≥- k-a-bw- In-´m-dn-√-.- t]m¿-´v-t^mfn-tbm- am-t\-Pv-sa‚ v- k¿-h-o-kv- F-¥m-sW-∂pw-A-Xv- F-s∂-t∏m-se-bp-≈-h-¿-°v- F-ßn-s\- D-]-Icn-°psa-∂pw-hn-i-Z-am-°p-I.-(tUm.- tPm¨,- a-e∏p-dw&-tUm.- B-≥-kn-,- I-Æq¿)-Xm--sf-t]m-ep-≈-h¿- Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- A-dn-n-cn-t°-≠-Xpw- H-∏w- {]-tbmP-\-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-a-m-b- H-∂m-Wvkv-t‰m-°v-am¿-°-‰n-se- t]m¿-´v- t^m-fn-tbm- am-t\-Pv-sa‚ v-k¿-h-o-kv- F-∂- tk-h-\w.- Xm--fp-sS- k-a-bw- h-f-sc- hne-s∏-´-Xpw-tcm-Kn-Iƒ-°pw- c-m-{„-Øn-\pw- tk-h-\w- A-Xym-h-iy-am-Wv.- B-I-b-m¬- Xm--fpsS- kw-K-a-Øn-\v- h-f-sc- Np-cp-°n- D-Ø-cw- X-cm≥- {i-an-°mw.-kv-t‰m-°v- am¿-°-‰p-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´v- ]n.-Fw.-F-kv- F-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v- h-n-h-£n-°p-∂-Xv,-H-cp- sd-Kp-te-‰¿- (C-¥y-bn¬- sk-Iyq-cn-‰o-kv-B‚ v- F-Iv-kv-tN-©v- t_m¿-Uv- Hm^v- C-¥y-˛F-kv-C-_n-sF)- Aw-Ko-I-cn-®v- \n-b-a-]-c-am-bnsse-k≥-kv-e-`n-®n-´p-≈- H-cp- ÿm-]-\w- (hy-‡-n-)- A-h-cp-sS- \n-t£-]-I¿-°m-bn- hy-‡-am-b- am-\-Z-fi-߃- ]m-en-®pw- im-kv-{Xo-bam-bn-H-cp- s{]m-^j-W-¬- kv-t‰m-°v- am¿-°-‰v- Hm-∏-td-j≥- \-S-Øp-∂-Xn-s\-bm-Wv.- ]n-Fw-F-kn-s\-∏-‰n- H-cp- \n-t£-]-I≥- BZy-am-bn-Nn-¥n-°p-tºmƒ- {]-[m-\-s∏-´- ]-e-Im-cy-ßfpw-A-dn-bp-I-bpw- Nn-¥n-®v- Xo-cp-am-\-sa-Sp-°p-Ibpw-th-Ww.- ]n-Fw-F-kv- \n-b-a-]-c-am-b-Xpw,-]-c-kv-]c-k-Ω-X-{]-Im-cw- F-gp-Xn- X-øm-dm-°n-H-∏n-´p-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xp-am-b- H-cp- k-Ω-X]-{X-Øns‚-A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-epw- B-b-Xn-\m¬,- \n-t£-]-I≥- F-√m- I-m-cy-ß-fpw- ap≥-Iq-´n- tNm-Zn-®-dnn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.-1.- F-¥p-sIm-≠v- ]n-Fw-F-kv-sX-c-s-Sp-°-Ww?-C-Xn-\v- ]-e- Im-c-W-߃- D-≠v.- \n-t£-]-I-\v- B-h-iy-Øn-\v- ]-Ww- D-≠v,- kv-t‰m-°v- am¿-°‰-n-s‚- Ups-downs t\m-°n-°-≠v- \n-t£-]w- \-S-Øm≥- k-a-b-an-√- (tUm-Œ-dn-s\-t∏m-se),- C-ßs\-sN-øm≥- th-≠- Adn-thm- a-‰v- ]m-S-h-h-tam- C-√m-Xn-cn-°p-I,- H-c-p- Aw-Ko-Ir-X- s{]m^-j-W-en-s‚- k-lmbw-th-W-sa-∂v- Xo-cp-am-\n-°p-I,- kv-t‰m-°v- am¿-°-‰pam-bn-_-‘-s∏-´- K-th-j-W- dn-t∏m¿-´v- In-´m-X-n-cn-°p-I-bpw- B-b-h- th-≠- hn-[-Øn¬- ^-e-{]-Z-am-bn- A-]-{K-Yn-°m≥- I-gn-bm-Xn-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-I- Xp-S-ß- ]-e- Im-c-W-߃- sIm-≠pw- H-cp- \n-t£-]-I≥- ]n-Fw-Fkv-sX-c-s-Sp-°p-tºmƒ- Zo¿-L-Im-e -e-£y-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn- am-{X-ta- \n-t£-]w- \-S-Øm-\m-hq.- Hm¿-°p-I-!-kv-t‰m-°v- am¿-°-‰v- \n-t£-]-߃- \-„-km-[y-X-I-fpw-D-≈-Xm-Wv.-2.- G-Xp- ]n-Fw-F-kn-s\- sX-c-s-Sp-°-Ww?-am¿-°-‰n¬- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-, BZ-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂- H-cpÿm-]-\w-(hy-‡n)- s{]m-^-j-W¬- B-bn- \-S-Øp-∂-]n-Fw-F-kv- Zm-Xm-hn-s\- sX-c-s-Sp-°p-I.- Iq-Sm-sX- ]n-Fw-F-kn-s‚- I-gn--Im-e- {]-I-S-\w,- A-Xn¬- Aw-Kß-fm-bn-hn-P-bw- h-cn-®- \n-t£-]-I-cp-sS- A-`n-{]m-bw,-]n-Fw-F-kn-s‚- ^o-kv- L-S-\- F-∂n-h-bpw- h-f-sc- {]m-[m-\y-a¿-ln-°p-∂p.-3.- ]n-Fw-F-kn-s‚- G-Xv- L-S-\-bm-Wv- \-√-Xv?-sk-_n- Aw-Ko-I-cn-®- ]n-Fw-F-kn-\v- {]-[m-\-am-bpwc-≠v-L-S-I-߃- D-≠v.- Discretonary and NonDiscretonary.Non Discretonary ]nFw-F-kn¬- \n-t£-]-I-\pw-]n-Fw-F-kv- am-t\-Pv-sa‚pw- X-Ωn-e- \n-c-¥-c-am-b- B-ib-hn-\n-a-b-Øn-s‚-A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬- kv-t‰m-°v- hm-ßepw-hn-‰-gn-°-epw- \-S-°p-∂-Xv.-F-∂m¬- Discretonary ]nFw-F-kn¬-,- s{]m-^j-W¬-]nFw-Fkv- am-t\-P¿-°-v- bp-‡n-bpw- a-t\m-[¿-a-hpw- A-\p-k-cn-®v- \n-t£-]-I-s‚- ^-≠v- ssI-Im-c-ywsN-øp-∂p.-C-Xn¬- \n-t£-]-I-\v- \n-tXy-\- C-S-s]-Sm≥-I-gn-bn-√.- F-∂m¬- C‚¿-s\-‰v- h-gn- \n-t£-]-I-s‚- A-°u-≠n¬- \-S-°p-∂- F-√m- C-S-]m-Sp-I-fpw- \n-t£-]-I-\v- Im-Wm≥- I-gn-bpw.- B-b-Xn-\m¬- ]n-Fw-F-kv- am-t\-P¿-°v- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- tPm-en- `w-Kn-bm-bn- sN-øp-hm≥-A-h-k-cw- \¬-Ip-∂- Cu- ]n-Fw-F-kv- co-Xn-bm-Wv- Xm--sf-t∏m-se-bp-≈- H-cp- \n-t£-]-I-\v- A-`n-Im-ayw.-4.- ]n-Fw-F-kn¬- B¿-°v,- F-ßn-s\- \n-t£-]-I-\m-Imw?-G-sXm-cp- C-¥y≥- ]u-c-\pw,- sk-_n-bp-sS- Aw-Ko-Icn-®-en-kv-‰n¬- D-≈- C≥-kv-‰n-‰yq-j-\pw- Iq-Sm-sX- G-Xm-≠v- F-√m- F≥-B¿-sF-Im¿-°pw- C-¥y≥- ]n-Fw-F-kn¬-Aw-K-am-Imw.- C-ß-s\- ]n-Fw-F-kv- \n-t£-]-I-\m-Iptºmƒ,-sk-_n- \n¿-t±-in-®n-cn-°p-∂- am-\-Z-fi-߃- ]men-®v-th-≠-hn-[-Øn-ep-≈- \n-b-a-]-c-am-b- tc-J-Iƒ-(]m≥,- _-m-v- Uo-s‰-bn¬-kv)- sIm-Sp-Øv- A-{Kn-sa‚ v- H-∏n-´v- ]n-Fw-F-kv- \n-t£-]w- Xp-S-ßmw.- h-f-sc- e-fn-X-amb-t^m¿-am-en-‰n- a-Xn-bm-Ipw.-F-∂m¬- H-cp- F≥-B¿-sF,- ]n-Fw-F-kv- F-Sp-°ptºmƒ-B¿-_n-sF-bp-sS- {]-tXyI- \n¿-t±-i-hpw,- A-Xv-Aw-Ko-I-cn-®- _m-v- h-gn-bp-≈- ]n-/F-kv- A-°u-≠v- h-gn- am-{X-ta- \n-t£-]w- \-S-Øp-hm≥- km-[n-°p-I-bp-≈q.-C-t∏mƒ- sk-_n- Aw-Ko-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂- G-‰-hpw- Ipd--]n-Fw-F-kv- \n-t£-]-Øp-I- 5 e-£a-m-Wv.- Iq-Snb-Xp-I- F-{X-bp-am-Imw.- a-‰p-cm-Py-ß-fn¬- t]mbn- I-„-s∏-´v- D-≠m-°p-∂- ]-Ww,- s{]m-^-j-W¬- ]n-Fw-F-kneq-sS-\n-t£-]n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv- D-Ø-aw.- C-ß-s\- sN-øptºmƒ-\n-t£-]-I-\v- \-√- dn-t´¨- {]-Xo-£n-°mw.-5.- hn-hn-[- X-c-Øn-ep-≈- ]n-Fw-F-kn-s‚- Nne-hv-/^o-kp-Iƒ-F-s¥-√-m-am-Wv?-]n-Fw-F-kv- A-°u-≠n¬- {]-[m-\-am-bpw- kv-t‰m-°p-Iƒ- hm-ßp-I-bpw- hn¬-°p-I-bp-am-Wv- \-S-°p-∂-Xv.- C-Xvsk-_n-/kv-t‰m-°v-F-Iv-kv-tN©v-/B¿-_n-sF- Xp-S-ßnb-sd-Kp-te-‰¿- Aw-Ko-Icn-®- H-cp- am¿-K-Øn-eq-sS-b-m-bncn-°pw-B-b-Xn¬- Ir-Xy-am-b- I-W-°-pw- hy-‡-X-bpw- D-≠v.- {]-[m-\-am-bpw- aq-∂v- coXn-bn-ep-≈- sN-e-hp-Iƒ- h-cmw.- H-∂-m-a-Xm-bn- kv-t‰m-°v,- sk-bn¬-/]¿-t®-bv-kv- sNøp-tºm-gp-≈-t{_m-°-td-Pv- Nm¿-Pv,- a-‰v- Nn-e-hp-Iƒ- (k¿-ho-kv- Sm-Iv-kv,- sk-kv,- F-Iv-kv-tN©v- Nm¿-P¿- Xp-S-ßnb-h)-F-∂n-h-bm-Wv.-c-≠m-a-Xm-bn,- ]n-F-w-F-kv- tk-h-\-Zm-Xm-hv- \n-t£-]-I-cn¬- \n-∂p-ao-Sm-°p-∂- am-t\-Pv-sa‚v- ^o-bm-Wv.- C-Xvkm-[m-c-W-bm-bn-H-cp-h¿-j-Øn¬- 2.-5 i-X-am-\-Øn-\v- ap-I-fn-em-bn-cn-°pw.- C-Xv- hm¿-jn-I-am-bn- I-W-°m-°n-,- amk-/ss{X-am-k-/A¿-[-hm¿-jn-I-am-bn-Nm¿-Pv- sN-øp-∂p.-aq-∂m-a-Xm-bn- an-°- ]n-F-w-F-kv- ÿm-]-\-ßfpw- em-`-Øn-s‚- H-cp- \n-iv-Nn-X-i-X-am-\w- th-cn-b-_nƒ- am-t\Pvsa-‚v- ^o-b-m-bn- (hn-Fw-F-^v)- F-Sp-°pw.- C-Xv- ]n-Fw-Fkn-s‚-s]-¿-t^m-a≥-kn-s\- B-kv-]-Z-am-°n- Cu-Sm-°p-∂- ^o-km-Wv.- km-[m-c-W-bm-bn- 12 i-X-am-\w- t{]m^n-‰v- h-sc- hn-Fw-F-^v- F-Sp-°m-dn-√.- A-Xn-\p-ap-I-fn¬- em-`-Øn-s‚- tXm-Xv- A-\p-k-c-n-®v- …m-_p-I-fm-bn- 20 i-X-am-\w- ap-X¬- 25 i-X-am-\w- h-sc- hn-F-w-F-^v- Nm¿-Pv- sN-øp-∂p-≠v.-6. ]n-Fw-F-kn-s‚- em-`w- F-{X-bm-Wv?-C-Xp-h-f-sc- -{]-bm-k-ta-dn-b- H-c-p- tNm-Zy-am-Wv.- Hmtcm-]n-Fw-F-kv- Zm-Xm-hpw,- A-h-cp-sS- ]n-Fw-F-kns‚-s]-¿-t^m¿-a-≥-kv- D-b¿-Øp-hm≥- A-£-o-Ww- ]-cn-{i-an-°p-I-bpw,- C-Xv- F-{X-bm-sW-n-epw,- am¿-°-‰v-I-≠-o-j≥-kv- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- km-º-Øn-I- ÿnXn,- ]-W-s∏-cp-∏w-/]-W-®p-cp-°w,- tem-I-km-º-Øn-I- \n-ehm-cw,-Im-em-h-ÿ,- Nn-e- tIm¿-∏-td-‰v- [m-cm-fn-Xzw-F-∂n-ß-s\- H-c-p- ]n-Fw-F-kv- am-t\-P-cp-sS- I-øn-sem-Xp-ßm-Ø- H-cp-]m-Sv- Im-c-W-ß-fpw- ]n-Fw-F-kn-s‚-s]¿-t^m¿-a≥-kn-s\- _m-[n-°mw.- Np-cp-°n-∏-d-m¬-H-cp- s]¿-t^m¿-a≥-kv- Kym-c-≠n,- sk-_n- \n-b-a-{]-Imcw-\¬-Im-\m-hn-√.- F-∂m¬- km-[m-c-W-bm-bn- 25˛40i-X-am-\w- td-©n¬- kn-F-Pn-B¿- {]-Xo-£n-°p-∂-Xn-¬- sX-‰n-√.- an-°-hm-dpw- F-√m- ]n-Fw-F-kv- am-t\-Pcpw-Im-em-Im-e-ß-fn¬- F-Sp°p-∂- am-¿-°-‰v- t{]m-^n-‰v,- ho-≠pw- am¿-°-‰n¬- \n-t£-]n-°m-sX- \n-t£-]-I-\v- Xn-cn-®p-\¬-In- Iq-Sp-X¬- em-`-h-pw- \n-t£-]-I- hnizm-k-hpw-B¿-Pn-°m-dp-≠v.-C-{X-bpw- ]-d--Xn¬- \n-∂pw- Xm--sf-t∏m-se-bp-≈tU-m-Œ¿-°v-G-‰-h-pw- D-Nn-X-am-b- H-cp- Hm-l-cn- \n-t£-]-am¿-Kw- ]n-Fw-F-kv- X-s∂-bm-sW-∂v- hy-‡-am-Wv.-amµy-Øns‚ ZpcnXw ]pcp-j-∑m¿°vamµyw ]pcp-j-∑m¿°v; ]Wn kv{XoIƒ°v: CXm-Wh-ÿ.amµyw hcp-tºmƒ ]Wn-Ip-d-bp-a-t√m. At∏mƒ]Wn-\-jvS-s∏-Sp-∂Xp `qcn-]-£hpw ]pcp-j-∑m¿°m-Wv.amµyw amdp-tºmƒ ]Wn-Iƒ D≠m-Ipw. At∏mƒ]Wn-In-´p-∂Xp IqSp-Xepw kv{XoIƒ°m-Ipw.shdpsX ]d-bp-∂-X-√. IW-°p-Iƒ AXmWv ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. Ata-cn-°≥ hm¿Øm-hm-cn-I-bmb \yqkvho°v, amµy-Ime IW-°p-Iƒ A]-{K-Yn®v Xømdm-°nb dnt∏m¿´n-emWv Cu hnh-c-߃.2007 Unkw-_-dn¬ amµyw Bcw-`n-s®-tijw \jvSs∏´110e£w sXmgn-ep-I-fn¬ aq∂n¬ c≠pw BWpß-fp-tS-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.]pcp-j-∑msc IqSp-X-embn \nb-an-®n-cp∂ hyh-km-b-ß-sf-bmWv amµyw Iq-Sp-X¬ _m[n-®Xv F∂Xpw CXn\p Imc-W-am-Wv. Ão¬ an√p-Ifpwhml\ \n¿ΩmW ime-I-fn-ep-sams° IqSp-X¬ sXmgnem-fn-Ifpw]pcp-j-∑m-cm-Wv.]pcp-j-∑m-cpsS Db¿∂ thX-\-hpw, Ah-cpsStPmen°p `oj-Wn-bm-Wv. sNehv Npcp-°p-tºmƒ IqSp-X¬ thX-\-ap-f-e-h-sc-bm-Wt√m Hgn-hm-°p-I.C\n kmº-ØnI DW¿hp-≠m-Ip-tºmgpw BWpß-fpsSImcyw IjvS-am-Ip-a-s{X. {]kn-U‚ v _dmIvH_m-a-bpsS apJy-km-º-ØnI D]-tZ-jvSmhv temd≥kvktΩgvkv ]dbp-∂XvA©ph¿jwIgn-bptºmƒ25\pw,54\pw anSbv°v{]mb-amb ]pcpj-∑m-cn¬Bdnsem-cmƒ(16.67iX-am-\w)sXmgn¬ cln-X-\m-bn-cn°pwF∂m-Wv.Ata-cn-°-bnse km-aq-ly-Nn-{Xhpw CXn-semcp ]ph-ln-°p-∂p-≠v.aq∂n¬ c≠p-`mKw ho-Sp-I-fnepwkv{XoIƒ apJy-h-cp-am-\-°m-tcm, kl-h-cp-am-\-°mtcmBWv. `mcym `¿Øm-°-∑m¿ H∂n®p Ign-bp-∂n-SØpwIpSpw-_-Imcyw t\m°m-\mbn kv{Xo tPmen°p t]mIp-∂p. hnhm-l-tam- -N\w hgnbpw a‰pw Ip´n-I-fp-ambn Ignbp∂kv{XoIƒ°pw thsd hgn-bn-√-t√m.bqtdm-∏nepw Cß-s\-sbms° Xs∂-bmWv Imcy߃.2010-˛-\p-tijw bqtdm-]y≥ bqWn-b-\n-ep-≠mb80-e£w ]pXnb sXmgn-ep-I-fn¬ 75 iX-am- -\-Ønepwkv{XoI-sf-bmWv \nb-an-®-Xv.]e- [\imkv{X-⁄-cp-sSbpw hne-bn-cp-Ø-en¬2024-˛-HmsS Ata-cn-°-bn-epw, an° bqtdm-]y≥ cmPyß-fnepwicm-icn kv{XobpsS thX\w icm-icn ]pcpj-s‚-XnepwIqSp-X-em-Ipw. ASpØ Zi-I-Øn¬ G‰hpwIqSpX¬ sXmgn-e-h-k-c-߃ hcm-hp∂ 15 taJ-e-I-fn¬13epw kv{XoIƒ°mIpw `qcn-]£w F∂mWv Ah-cpsS\nK-a-\w.Ub-d-IvS¿ t_m¿Un¬ IqSp-X¬ kv{XoIfp-ff Iº-\n-Iƒ sa®-s∏´ [\-Imcy \ne-bn-em-sW∂pw \yqkvdnt∏m¿´v sNøp-∂p.

6August 2010bi-kp-b¿Øm-≥CXm- Cu Nn”wC¥y≥ cq]bv°v Nn”w kzoI-cn-®p.\ΩpsS cmPy-Øns‚ Id≥kn°v{ItaW Iw]yq-´-dnepw a‰pw Nn”wsR°n-bm¬ aXn-bm-Ipw.AXp-sIm≠v F\n-s°¥v ?XnI®pw kzm`m-hn-I-amb tNmZyw.DØcw ]d-bmw, {]tXy-I-ambn H∂pan-√.Nn”w h∂-XpsIm≠v C¥y-°mcpsShcp-am\w IqSp-I-bn-√. Chn-SsØZcn-{Z¿ C√m-Xm-hp-I-bn-√. Pohn-X-s®ehvIpd-bp-I-bn-√.Nn”w hni-∏p-am-‰p-Itbm hcp-am\wIq´p-Itbm sNøn-√.]t£, Nn”w kzoI-cn®Xv sNdnbImcy-a-√.temI-Øn¬ kz¥w Nn”-ap-≠m-°p∂ A©m-asØ Id≥knbmbncq]. AXp hfsc {][m-\-am-Wv; {]k-‡-hp-am-Wv.CXp-hsc Nn”-ap≈ \mep Id≥kn-Iƒ Ch-bm-Wv: Ata-cn-°bpsStUmf¿, {_n´s‚ ]u≠v, bqtdm-∏ns‚bqtdm, P∏ms‚ sb≥.C¥y Chbv°p sXm´p-]n-∂n¬CXm FØn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ssN\-bpsSbphmt\m (sd≥an≥_n) djy-bpsSdq_ntfm kzn‰vk¿e≥Uns‚ {^mtmH∂pw CXp-hsc Nn”w D≠m-°n-bn-´n√Ft∂m¿°-Ww.Nn”w D≠m-°p∂XpsIm≠v {]Xy-£-am-bn, `uXn-I-ambn Hcp t\´hpwC√. ]t£, Nn”w kzoI-cn-°¬ A`nam\hnj-b-am-Wv.thW-sa-n¬A¬]w Al--cn-°m-hp-∂ hnj-b-hpw.Nn”-kzo-I-cWw Hcp {]Jym-]-\-am-Wv. temI-k-º-ZvL-S-\-bn¬ C¥ybpwHcp KWyi‡nbm-sW∂ {]Jym-]-\w.AXp a‰p-≈-hcpw hI-h-bv°p-tºmgmWvNn”-kzo-I-cWw ]q¿Øn-bm-Ip-∂-Xv.BtKm-f-k-aq-l-Øn¬ \ΩpsSBfl-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ {]I-S\w IqSnbmWvNn”-kzo-I-c-Ww. \Ωƒ hep-Xm-Wv, C\nbpw hfcpw F∂ Bfl-hnizm-k-Øns‚{]I-S-\w.{]k-‡-ambImcyw \Ωƒ hfcp∂pF∂-Xm-Wv.shdpw hf¿®-b-√.AXn-thK hf¿®.Hcp ImeØpkz]v\w ImWm≥høm-Xn-cp∂ tXmXnep≈hf¿®.Ign kmº-ØnI h¿jw C¥y7.4 iX-am\wtXmXn¬ hf¿∂p.AXn\p Xteh¿jw6.7 iX-am-\-hpw. AtX-k-abwAta-cn-°-bp-sSbpwhnI-kn-X-cm-Py-ßfp-sSbpwhf¿®tbm? 2008 ¬Ata-cn° 0.4 iXam\whf¿∂p. 2009¬ bp.-FkvkºØv 2.4 iXam\wIpd-p.bqtdm kzoI-cn®cmPy-ß-fpsS icmicnhf¿® 2008 ¬0.6 iX-am\w am{Xam-bn-cp-∂p.2009 ¬4.1 iX-am\w Ipd-p.Ah-scms°]nt∂m´p t]mbt∏mgpwC¥yhf¿∂p.Ata-cn-°-bn¬ Im¿ -D¬]m-Z\w Ipdbp-∂p,hyh-kmb D¬]m-Z\w Ipdbp∂p,sXmgn-en-√mbva IqSp-∂p.Ct∏mƒ 9.5 iX-am-\-amWv AhnsSsXmgn-en-√m-bva. Ata-cn-°≥Kh¨sa‚ns‚ ISw samØw hm¿jnIkº-Øns‚ 90 iX-am-\-Øn\v apI-fnem-bn.14,20,000 tImSn tUmf-dmWv 2009¬ Atacn°-bn-ep-≠mb kº-Øv.AtX kabw cmPy-Øn-s‚-ISw13,00,000 tImSn tUmf-dn-e-[n-Iw.bqtdm-∏nse ]e cmPy-ß-fpsSbpw\ne CXnepw ]cn-Xm-]-I-c-am-W-t√m.Cß-s\-sbmcp temI-ØmWv C¥yhf¿®-bn¬ Imcy-amb Ipd-hn-√msXapt∂m´p t]mIp-∂-Xv. Cs°m√w C¥y9.5 iX-am\w hf¿® t\Sp-sa-∂mWvsFF-wF-^v(-A-¥m-cm-jv{S \mWy-\n-[n) {]h-Nn-°p-∂-Xv. bqtdm∏pw Atacn-°bpwZpcn-X-]¿h-Øn-eqsS IS∂pt]mIp-tºmƒ \ap°p KWy-am-bn hfcm-\m-Ip-∂p.Ccp-]-Xp-h¿jw ap≥]v c≠m-gvNsØCd-°p-a-Xn-°p≈ hntZ-i-\mWywt]mepw \ΩpsS ssIbn-en-√mØkml-Ncyw D≠m-bn. A∂v (1991s^{_p-h-cn) Hcp IS-Øns‚ KUphpw]en-ibpw ASbv°m≥ ]W-Øn\pth≠n C¥y-bpsS kz¿Ww {_n´-\n¬sIm≠p-t]mbn ]Wbw hbvt°≠nh∂p. Ct∏mtgm? 14 amksØ Cd-°pa-Xn°vth≠ hntZ-i-\mWyw \ΩpsSssIhiw Ccn-°p∂p. Ign h¿jwsFFw-F^v kz¿Ww hn‰-t∏mƒ 200S¨ scm°w ]Ww sImSpØv C¥yhmßn.C°-gn am¿®n¬ sFFw-F^vbqtdm-]y≥ cmPy-ßsf k-lm-bn-°m-\mbn ^≠v tiJ-cn-®-t∏mƒ AXnte°vhen-sbmcp XpI \¬In-bXvC¥y-bm-Wv. 10 _ney¨ (1000 tImSn)tUmf-dmWv C¥y sFFwF^n\vhmbv]-bmbn \¬In-b-Xv. ap≥s]ms°hnI-knX cmPy-߃ am{Xw sNbvXncp∂Imcy-am-Wn-Xv. Ct∏mƒ C¥ybpwAXp sNøp-∂p. AXns‚ KpWw In´p-∂-Xm-I-s´- ]-gb hnI-knX cmPy߃°pw.C¥y sFFw-F-^n¬ \n∂v FSpØIqSnb hmbv] A©p _ney¨ tUmfdn-t‚-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.1981 epw 91 epwFSpØhbmWv Ah. Ct∏mƒ 19 h¿j-Øn\p tijw sFFwF^n\v C¥yhmbv] \¬In-bXv ]Øp _ney¨tUmf-dpw.AtX, C¥y Cß-s\-sbms°hf¿∂p.Cu hf¿® shdp-samcp kmº-ØnIAh-Im-i-hm-Z-a-√. P\-ß-fpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ kw`-hn-°p∂ Imcy-߃t\m°n-bm¬ aXn. \mj-W¬Iu¨kn¬ t^m¿ AssπUv C°tWm-anIvdntk¿®n(-F≥knFC-B¿)s‚ Hcp ]T-\-dn-t∏m¿´n¬ ImWp∂hkvXp-X-Iƒ {i≤n-°p-I. 2001˛ ¬C¥y-bnse Bbncw hoSp-I-fn¬ 149FÆ-Øn¬ Sqho-e¿ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.2009 ¬ AXv 369 hoSp-I-fm-bn. Imdp-≈-h-bpsS FÆw Bbn-c-Øn\p 30 ¬\n∂p 91 Bbn. hmjnwKv sajo≥ D≈hoSp-Iƒ Bbn-c-Øn\v 72 ¬ \n∂v 154Bbn.\nc-Øp-Iƒ°p Xmßmhp∂Xntesdhml-\-߃ D≈,ssZ\w-Zn\tPmen-Iƒ°v Bƒ°mscIn´mØ tIcfw Cu hf¿®-bpsS \√DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv.AtX, Cu ASn-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ \nebp-d-∏n-®p-sIm≠mWvC¥y cq]bv°vNn”-ap-≠m-°p-∂-Xv. temI-km-º-ØnI`q]-S-Øn¬ PnUn]n (sam-Ø-B-`y-¥c-D¬]m-Z-\w)t\m°n-bm¬ C¥y]{¥≠mw ÿm\-Øm-Wv. AXv Itºmf-Ønsehn\n-ab \nc°v B[m-c-am-°nbm-Wv.F∂m¬ Itºm-f-Ønse hn\na-b-\n-c°vicn-b√ Fs∂mcp ]£ap≠v.a\p-jys‚ km[m-cW Bh-iy߃°vth≠n hcp∂ XpI h®vthsdmcp hn\n-ab \nc°v cq]-s∏-SpØnXmc-Xayw sNøm-dp-≠v. {Ib-tijnXpeyX (PPP) F∂ B coXn h®m¬C¥ytemI-Ønse \mem-asØ henbkº-ZvL-S-\-bm-Wv. AXns‚ Du‰wIqSn-bp≠v Ct∏mƒ cq]bv°p Nn”wkzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬.C¥y hf¿∂p F∂v AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ hnj-a-ap-≈hcpap≠v cmPy-Øv.Ign c≠p Zi-I-ß-fnse ]cn-jvImc-߃Pohn-X-\n-e-hmcw Db¿Øn, H∏wZmcn-{Zy-tc-Jbv°p Xmsg-bp-≈-h-cpsSFÆw Ipd-®p.]t£, Aßs\ Ipdp F∂pkΩ-Xn-°m≥ cmjv{So-b-°m¿ Xøm-dn-√.Ah¿°v Zcn-{Z¿ XpS-c-Ww. CXn¬c≠p≠v t\´w.H∂m-a-tØXv Zcn-{Z¿°p≈ kvIoap-Iƒ IqSp-X¬ t]¿°v \¬In thm´v Dd-∏m-°mw. c≠m-a-tØXv CØcw kvIoap--I-fpsS \S-Øn∏v hgn In´p∂ t\´w.AXp- tIm¨{Sm-Iv‰pIfnse sh´p-ta\napX¬ ]e Xc-Øn¬ hcp-∂p._n]n-F¬ (Zm-cn-{Zy-tc-Jbv°p Xmsgbp-≈-h¿)Im¿Up-S-a-I-fpsS FÆwIq´m≥ \S-Øp∂ A`ym-k-ß-fpsSCu ]›m-Ø-e-Ønepw cmPy-Øns‚bi-kp-b¿Øp∂p cq]-bpsS Nn”w.]q¿W-kz-X-{¥-hn-\n-abw (Full Convertibility)A\phZn-°msX AXpkzoI-cn-°m≥ X° kmº-ØnI ]Zhn\ap°v FØn F∂-XmWv bi-kn\p\nZm-\w.

August 20107Im‰v amdn hoip∂ps]s´∂mWv Im‰v amdn hoin-b-Xv. H_mat\manIvkv]cm-Pbw F∂ kwkmcw D®-Øn-em-bn.\hw-_-dn-te°v C\n \mep amkw am{Xw. sXc-s-Sp∏p cmjv{Sobw Ifn XpS-ßn. FXn¿]£w {]Nm-cWwi‡-am-bn. AXns‚ `mK-am-Wn-Xv: Cßs\ ]dv\ymbo-I-cn-°m≥ H_m-a-bpsS ]£-°m¿ {ian-°pw.]t£, AXv P\w kzoI-cn-°m-\n-S-bn-√. ImcWwAh-cm-Wt√m A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xv. HutZym-Kn-I-I-W-°n¬ 9.5 iX-am\w t]¿°mWv PqWn¬ sXmgn-en-√mbva.tabvam-k-Ønse 9.7 iX-am-\-Øn¬ \n∂p Ipdhv.]t£ Cu Ipdhv Hcp amb-°mgvN am{Xw. 6.25e£w t]¿ sXmgn¬tk\-bn¬ \n∂p ]pd-Øm-bXvsIm≠p am{X-ap≈ Hcp ambm-Pm-ew.Cu HutZym-KnI IW°pw Hcp amb Xs∂-bm-Wv.am¿Pn-\en A‰m®vUv te_¿ Fs∂mcp hn`m-K-ap-≠v.Ah¿ sXmgn-en-√m-Ø-h-cpsS ]´nIbn-e√, sXmgn-ep-≈-h-cp-a-√. F∂m¬ sXmgn¬ Bh-iy-ap-≈-hcpw Hcph¿j-Øn-\p-≈n¬ sXmgn¬ At\z-jn-®-h-cp-am-Wv. 2.6aney¨ hcpw- A-h¿. HutZym-KnI ]´n-I-bn¬ sXmgnen-√m-Ø-h¿15 aney¨ D≠v. Cu ]´n-I-bn¬ s]Sm-Ø-hsc IqSn tN¿Øm¬ 16.5 iX-am\w hcpw sXmgnen-√m-bva.CXn\p ]pdta sXmgn¬ \jvS-`o-Xn. kwÿm-\-k¿°m-cp-Ifpw \K-c-˛-{]m-tZ-inI `c-W-Iq-S-ßfpw ]m∏cmbnhcn-I-bm-Wv. 46 kwÿm-\-߃°v samØw 112_ney¨ tUmf¿ IΩn-bmWv Cs°m√w {]Xo-£n-°p-∂-Xv. Ien-t^m¿Wn-b, C√n- -t\m-bn, \yqtbm¿°v XpSßnbhenb kwÿm-\-߃°mWv Gsd {]iv\w. Ient^m¿Wn-b-bpsSam{Xw IΩn 19 _ney¨ tUmf¿hcpw. 12 _ney¨ tUmf¿ IΩn t\cn-Sp∂ C√n-t\mbn,Zcn-{Z-cpsS arX-kw-kvIm-c-Øn-\p≈ 1100 tUmf¿klm-b-[\w \¬Ip-∂Xp t]mepw apS-°n. ]ekwÿm-\-ß-fnepw s]≥j≥ hnX-cWw amk-߃ ]nd-In-em-bn. Nne kwÿm\߃ GXm\pw amk-ß-fnses]≥j≥ \¬Ip-∂n-s√∂p {]Jym-]n-®p.bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-Iƒ°pw kvIqfp-Iƒ°p-ap≈]Whpw ant°-SØpw IpSn-in-J-bm-bn. IS-sa-SpØpImcyw \S-Øm-\mWv C√n-t\mbn P\-{]-Xn-\n[n k`bpWn-th-gvkn-‰n-sb D]-tZ-in-®-Xv. kwÿm-\-Øns‚{Km‚n¬ \S-∂n-cp∂ \nc-h[n ]mtTy-Xc {]h¿Ø-\-߃ apS-ßn. A≤ym-]-I-cpsS FÆhpw tImgvkp-IfpsSFÆhpw Ipd-®mWv ]e ÿm]-\-ßfpw ]nSn®p\n¬°p-∂-Xv.sXmgn¬ D≠m-Ip-∂n-√. D≈ sXmgn¬ t]mIp-sa∂`oXn hf-cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. PqWnse sXmgn¬ IW-°p-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂p: samØw sXmgn¬kwJy 1.25 e£wI≠v Ipd-p.GXm\pw amk-ambn kmº-ØnI hf¿®-sb-∏‰nD≠m-bn-cp∂ ip`m]vXn hnizm-k-Øn-\mWv PqWnseIW-°p-Iƒ Xncn-®Snbmb-Xv. _nkn-\kv tIm¨^n-U≥kv k¿th-bnepw a‰p ]e kqN-I-ß-fnepw IqSnXncn-®Sn h∂-tXmsS ImgvN-∏mSv s]mXpth amdn.\qdn-b¬ dq_n-\nbpw a‰pw ]d-bp-∂Xp t]mseho≠p-samcp Xf¿® Dd-∏m-sW∂v Ct∏mƒ ]ecpw Icp-Xp-∂p. AXn\p Imc-W-߃ ]e-Xp-≠v. F√mw H_ma-bpsShcp-Xn-bn-ep≈ Imcy-߃ A√.]t£, H_ma Xs∂ thWw ]gn G¬°m≥. AXp`c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS \ntbm-K-am-Wv. Xßfp-tS-X-√mØImc-W-Øm¬ kmº-Øn-I-\ne sa®-s∏-Sp-tºmƒAh¿ Xs∂-bm-Wt√m s{IUn‰v FSp-°p-∂-Xv. B\nebv°v ]gn hcp-tºmƒ AXpw G‰p-sIm-≈-Ww.Ct∏mƒ c≠m-a-sXmcp amµyw hcp-∂p-sh∂ [mcW]c°ptºmƒ B amµy-`o-j-Wn-bpsS bYm¿∞ {]Xn-Iƒ bqtdm∏pw kwÿm-\-ß-fp-am-sW∂p IqSn a\-knem-°-Ww.c≠n-SØpw {]iv\w H∂pw Xs∂.Kh¨sa‚p-Iƒ IS-s°-Wn-bn¬.{Kokpw kvs]bn\pw t]m¿®p-Kepw C‰-enbpw {_n´-\p-sams° ISw aqew \´w Xncn-bp-I-bm-Wv. \n¿hm-l-I-an-√msX Ah-sc√mw sNehv Npcp-°p-∂p. iºfwac-hn-∏n-°p-Itbm sh´n-°p-d-bv°p-Itbm sNøp-∂p.k¿°m¿ apX¬apS°v Ipd-bv°p-∂p. \nb-a-\-߃\ntcm-[n-°p-∂p. s]≥j≥ {]mbw IqSp-∂p.-tPm-en-°msc Ipd-bv°p-∂p. CsX√mw B cmPy-ß-fn¬Unam≥Uv Ipd-bv°pw. hym]mcw Ipd-bpw. kmº-ØnIhf¿® Ipd-bpw. Cd-°p-aXn Ipd-bpw.CtX-t]mse Xs∂-bmWv Ct∏mƒ `qcn-]£w bp.-Fkv kwÿm-\-ßfpw. t\cn´p ]ncn®p hnSp-∂n-s√-nepw kwÿm\߃ h≥tXm-Xn¬ sXmgn¬ Ipdbv°p-∂p-≠v.hnhn[ hn`m-K-߃°p≈ {Km‚p-IfpwB\p-Iq-ey-ßfpw Ipd-bv°p-Itbm ac-hn-∏n-°p-ItbmsNøp-tºmƒ kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv AXm-Wv. hf¿®bpwkºØpw hcp-am-\hpw ]Wnbpw Ipd-bp-∂p.2007˛09 se amµy-Øns‚ ImeØp Kh¨sa‚p-Iƒh≥tXm-Xn¬ sNehv h¿≤n-∏n-®p. Kh¨sa‚ v sNehvIq´p∂ DtØ-PI ]mt°-Pp-Isf P\w ]cs°kzmKXw sNbvXp. B ]mt°-Pp-Iƒ C√m-bn-cp-s∂-n¬ C{X-thKw Hcp Xncn®p Ib-‰-Øns‚ kqN\ImWp-I-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p.F∂m¬ Kh¨sa‚p-Iƒ°v {]tXy-In®pw bqtdm-]y≥ Kh¨sa‚p-Iƒ°v B coXn XpS-cm≥ ]‰n-s√∂ph∂n-cn-°p-∂p. ImcWw Aan-X-amb IS-`m-cw. C\nISw \¬Im≥ Itºmfw aSn-°p-∂p.bp.-Fkv Kh¨sa‚n\pw C\n henb DtØ-PIwsIm≠p \S-°m≥ _p≤n-ap-´m-Wv. {Kokns‚bpw a‰pw{]iv\-߃ Ata-cn°bnse P\-hn-Imcw am‰n.Ct∏mƒØs∂ bp.-Fkv Kh¨sa‚ns‚ ISw `oa-am-Wv. 14 {Sney¨ PnUn-]n- D≈-t∏mƒ 13 {Sney¨ASpØv (90 iX-am-\-Øn-tesd) IS-_m-[y-X.ssN\bpw a‰p-amWv bp.-Fkv Kh¨sa‚n\p ISw\¬Ip-∂-Xv. CsXm∂pw P\-߃°v A{X ]nSn-°p-∂n-√. IΩnbpw IShpw Ipd-®n-s√-n¬ {]iv\-amWvF∂-Xm-Wn-t∏mƒ P\-hn-Im-cw.AXp `c-W-Iq-SsØ h√mØ hnj-a-k-‘n-bn-em-°p-∂p. H_m-abpw sUtam-{Im-‰p-Ifpw Ah-cpsS kmº-ØnI D]-tZ-jvSm-°-fp-sams° IΩn Iq´p-∂-Xn\p\n¬°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p. IΩn am{X-a√ \nIpXn Iq´p-∂-Xn-s\bpw A-\p-Iq-en-°p-∂p. \nIpXn Iq´p-I,Kh¨sa‚ns‚ hI-bmbn t£a-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ Iq´p-I, th≠n h∂m¬ IΩnbpw Iq´pI: CXmWv H_m-at\m-an-Ivkns‚ImX¬.]t£ Ct∏mƒ Ata-cn-°≥ cmjv{SobImem-hÿAXn-\-\p-Iq-e-a-√. H∂c h¿jsØ `cWwIgnn´pw sXmgn¬ taJ-e-bn¬ DW¿hn-√. kmº-ØnI hf¿® Dd-∏m-Ip-∂n-√. Cß-s\-sbm-c-h-ÿ-bn¬icm-icn Ata-cn-°-°m-c\p hcp-am\w Dd-∏m-Ip-∂n-√.P\-Øn\v Ct∏mƒ th≠Xv ]Wn-bm-Wv. s]s´∂p]Wn IqSm-\p≈ am¿Kw IΩn h¿[n-∏n®vKh¨sa‚ns‚ sNehv Iq´p-I-bm-Wv. ]t£ P\wCt∏mƒ AXp kzoI-cn-°m≥ Xøm-d-√. H_m-a-bpsS]W-hn-Nmcw‰n. kn. amXypH∂c h¿jsØ `cWw sIm≠v ]Wn IqSm-Ø-Xns‚t\cn-´p≈ ^ew.CXn\p thsdmcp ^e-ap-≠m-bn. Iptd \mfmbn]n≥\n-c-bn-em-bn-cp∂ kssπ- sskUv [\-im-kv{X-⁄¿ ho≠pw kPo-h-cmbn. sI\o-jy-∑m¿ ]nt∂m´pamdn. _mnwKv {]Xn-k-‘nbpw team≥ X-I¿®bpwHs° h∂-t∏mƒ \h-en-_-d¬ -˛kssπ sskUv -˛tamWn-‰-dnÃv [\-im-kv{X-⁄¿°m-bn-cp∂p ]gn-b-{X-bpw. sI\o-jy-∑mcpw CS-Xp-]-£hpw hnP-b-t`cnapg-°n. _pjv `c-W-IqSw t]mepw sI\o-jy≥ ]cnlm-c-am¿K-߃tXSn. H_m-abpw AXp XpS¿∂p.]t£ Ct∏mƒ sI\o-jy-∑m-cmWv {]Xn-tcm-[-Øn¬. IΩnbpw IS-s°-Wnbpw N¿®m hnj-b-am-IptºmƒAXm-Wt√m Ah-ÿ.H_ma `c-W-IqSw \nIpXn \b-߃ hy‡hpw DZmc-hp-am-°-Ww;_P‰v IΩn Ipd-bv°m≥ IrXyamb]≤Xn D≠m-°-Ww; Kh¨sa‚ v sNehv sh´n-°p-dbv°-Ww;CXp-≠m-bmte aqe-[-\-\n-t£-]hpwAßs\ sXmgnepw hcp-am-\hpw PnUn-]nbpw IqSq:CXmWv Ct∏mƒ kssπ sskUp-Im¿ D]-tZ-in-°p-∂X.v _nkn-\-kp-Im¿°p \nb-{¥-W-ta¿s∏-Sp-Ønbpw_mp-Isf Iq´n-em-°nbpw \nIpXn Iq´nbpw Imcy߃t\scbm°m-sa∂p Icp-Xn-bm¬ \S-∏n-√.tdmWƒUv sdbvK\pw am¿K-c‰v Xm®dpwsNbvXXpt]mse BZyw P\-{]n-b-a-√m-ØXpw ]n∂oSvhf¿® D≠m-°p-∂Xpamb \b-߃ \S-∏m-°-Ww:CXmWv Ct∏mƒ H_m-abv°p In´p∂ D]-tZ-iw.Hcp {]iv\w am{Xw. H_m-a C∂p-hsc FSp-Øn-cp∂\b-߃°p t\¿hn]-co-X-am-Wn-Xv. Aßs\sbmcp\bw am‰-Øn\v At±lw Xøm-dm-Iptam?H_m-am-`-c-W-Iq-S-w [\-Im-cy-ta-J-e-bnse ]cnjvIm-c-Øn-\p\SØnb bXv\w HSp-hn-¬ Imcyam-bt\´wD≠m°n-bXp-an√.c≠p h¿jw ap≥]m-cw-`n® kmº-ØnI amµy-Øn\pw [\-Im-cy-ta-J-e-bnse h≥ XI¿®-Iƒ°pwImc-W-a-{Xbpw thmƒ kv{So‰pw \nt£-]-_m-nwKpwBsW-∂mWv F√m-hcpw IqSn ]dp h®-Xv. In´m-°-S-ß-fm-Ip-sa∂v Dd-∏p≈ hmbv]-Iƒ sImSpØXn¬Bcpw A]m-IX I≠n-´n-√. F∂m¬ IS-ß-fnepw IS-∏-{X-ß-fnepw Ah Iq´n-s°´n D≠m-°nb skIyp-cn-‰n-I-fnepw \S-Ønb hym]m-c-ß-fmWv F√m-h-cp-sSbpwtcmjhnjbw. sUdn-th-‰o-hp-Iƒ, kzm∏p-Iƒ,slUvPp-Iƒ XpSßn [\-Im-cy-ta-J-e-bn¬ cq]sIm≠ \ho\ D]-I-c-W-߃ ]cs° hna¿i\hnt[-b-am-bn.AXn-ep-]cn thmƒ kv{So‰nte°v tcmjw Xncn®phn´ as‰mcp Imcy-hp-ap-≠v. ]e _mp-Ifpw ÿm]-\-ßfpw XI¿∂p sIm≠n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ bp.-FkvKh¨sa‚n¬ \n∂p≈ `oa-amb klm-b-amWvAhsb c£n-®-Xv. (Cu c£m-Zu-Xy-Øn\p]tbm-Kn®XpI-bn¬ `qcn-]-£hpw CXn-\Iw em`w klnXwXncnsI sImSp-Øp) AtX ImeØp Xs∂ {]kvXpXÿm]-\-ß-fnse tae-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ apX¬\nt£]amt\-P¿ hsc-bp-≈-h¿ Gg° t_mW-kp-Iƒ Fgp-Xn-sb-Sp-Øp. _mv \jvS-°-b-Øn¬,At∏mgpw amt\-P¿am¿°v `oa-amb em`-hoXw!!_mns\ \jvS-Øn-te°p X≈nhn´p \nt£-]-Xocp-am-\-߃FSp-Ø-h¿°pw In´n em`-ho-Xw.thmƒ kv{So‰v ÿm]-\-߃°p aq°p Ib-dn-Sm-\p≈ \o°-Øn\v IcpØp ]I¿∂Xv Cu ]›m-Øe-am-Wv.Fnepw thmƒ kv{So‰v ÿm]-\߃ KWyambt\´w D≠m°p∂ hn[-amWv \nb-a-\n¿amWwIem-in-®-Xv. 1930Ifnse K v-fm v˛ ÃoKƒ \nb-a-Øn\p kam-\-amb hnπ-h-I-c-amb am‰-߃ sIm≠phcpw F∂p ]d-s-nepw A{Xbvs°m∂pw D≠mbn-√.P\-{]-Xn-\n[nk`bpw sk\‰pw ]mkm-°nbhyXy-kvX-amb \nb-a-߃ GtIm-]n-∏n-°m≥ \S-Ønb amc-ب N¿®bpw HSp-hn¬ _mp-I-fpsStem_n-bnwKv hnP-bn-°p-∂-Xn-emWv Ah-km-\n-®-Xv.H_ma `c-W-Iq-Sw \n¿t±-in® an° Imcy-ßfpwHØncn sh≈w tN¿ØmWv HSp-hn¬ kzoI-cn-®-Xv.ap≥ s^Uv sNb¿am≥ t]mƒ thmƒ°¿ apt∂m´ph® ]e hyh-ÿ-I-fp-sSbpw KXnbpw CXp-X-s∂._mp-Iƒ kz¥w ]Ww D]-tbm-Kn®v aqe-[-\-\nt£-]hpwa‰p hym]m-c-ßfpw \S-Øp-∂Xv kºq¿Wambn\ntcm-[n-°m-\m-bn-cp∂p \o°w. HSp-hn¬ h∂hyh-ÿ aqe-[-\-Øns‚ aq∂p iX-am\w hsc hym]mc-Øn-\p-]-tbm-Kn°mwF∂pw. ss{]h‰v CIzn‰n ^≠p-Iƒ slUvPv ^≠p-Iƒ XpS-ßnbh Bcw-`n-°m\pwAh-bn¬ \nt£-]n-°m\pw D≈ XpIbv°p ]cn[nh®p. sUdn-th-‰ohv hym]m-c-Øn¬ \n∂p _mp-Isfkºq¿W-ambn am‰n \ndp-Øm-\m-bn-cp∂p BZy-\o-°w.AXp {ItaW eLq-I-cn-®p. hntZ-i-\m-Wy-kzm-∏p-Iƒ,]eni\nc°v kzm∏p-Iƒ, _p≈nb≥ kzm∏p-IƒF∂nh _mp-Iƒ°p \S-Øm-\mbn A\p-hmZw\¬In. 615 {Sney¨ (6,15,000 _ney¨) tUmf¿ BWvsUdn-th-‰ohv hym]m-c-Øns‚ samØw hm¿jnIAfhv. CXn¬ knwl-`m-Khpw apI-fn¬ ]daq∂n\w kzm∏p-Iƒ BWv. a‰p-Xcw sUdn-th-‰o-hvhym]m-c߃ \S-Øm≥ _mp-Iƒ {]tXyI k_vkn-Un-b-dn-Iƒ XpS-ß-W-sa∂v HØp-Xo¿∏n¬ ]d-bp-∂p.sUdn-th-‰ohv hym]mcw FIvkvtN-©p-Iƒ hgn-bm-°m≥ \nbaw hyhÿ sNøp-∂p. Im¿jn-tIm¬]-∂߃,teml-߃ XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS sUdn-th-‰o-hp-IƒD¬]m-Z-Itcm D]-t`m-‡m-°tfm hym]mcw sNøp-∂XvFIvkvtN-©p-I-fn¬ IqSn-bm-°-Wsa∂v \n¿_-‘n-°p-∂n-√.H_ma Hcp I¨kyq-a¿ ^n\m≥jy¬ s{]m´-Ivj≥ _yqtdmbv°p th≠n hmZn-®n-cp-∂p. kzX-{¥ÿm-]-\-am-IWwCsX-∂mWv {]kn-U‚ v B{K-ln-®-Xv. ]t£ HSp-hn¬ h∂Xv s^U-d¬ dnk¿hvt_m¿Un¬ Hcp hn`mKw am{X-am-bn-´p≈ I¨kyqa¿^n\m≥jy¬ s{]m´-Ivj≥ _yqtdm. 10 _ney¨tUmf-dn-tesd BkvXn-Iƒ D≈ _mp-I-sf-bmWv_yqtdm ssIImcyw sNøp-I. D]-t`m-‡r-]-£Øp\n∂p _mnwKv hg-°-ßfpw \nb-a-ßfpw D≠m-°m≥_yqtdmbv°v A[n-Im-c-ap-≠v. _yqtdm-bpsS Ub-d-IvSsd {]kn-U‚ v t\cn´v \nb-an-°pw.Ct∏m-gsØ cq]-Øn¬ _yqtdm th≠{X i‡-a√ F∂mWv hne-bn-cp-ج.

8August 2010hne-°-b‰w XpS-cp-tºmƒ........hne-°-b‰w ia-\-an-√m-sX- Xp-S-cp-I-bm-Wv. ian°pwF∂v F√m-hcpw ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. ]s£ ian-°p-∂n-√.PqWn¬ samØ-hn-e-°-b‰w 10.55 iX-am-\-am-bn.sabn¬ 10.16 iX-am-\-am-bn-cp-∂p.IqSp-X¬ tami-amb Imcy-ap-≠v. G{]n-en¬ 9.59 iXam\wsamØ-hn-e-°-b‰w D≠mbn F∂mWv BZyw ]d-n-cp-∂-Xv. Ah-km\ IW°v Ct∏mƒ h∂-t∏mƒ\nc°v 11.23 iX-am-\-am-bn.Hmtcm amkhpw 15˛mw Xob-Xn-tbmsS Xte-am-ksØsamØ hne-kq-Nn-I-bpsS IW-°-dn-bn-°pw. CXpXm¬°m-enI IW-°m-Wv. kqNnI IW-°m-°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ F√m ÿeØp \n∂p-ap-ff F√m hnhc-ß-fpw-A-t∏mƒ In´n-bn-´p-≠m-hn-√. AXn-\m¬ ]pXnbhne In´mØ C\-Øn\p ]gb hne-h-®mWv Xm¬°menIkqNnI Adn-bn-°p-∂-Xv. c≠p-am-k-sa-Sp°pw F√mÿeØp \n∂p-ap-ff F√m hne-Ifpw In´m≥. AXpe`n-®m¬ Ah-km\ kq-NnI Cd°pw.C{]-Imcw G{]n-ense IW°v XncpØn h∂-t∏mƒ-Ht∂ap°m¬ iX-am-\-tØmfw hyXym-kw.Cu coXn-bn¬ sabn-se-bpw, PqWn-sebpw IW-°p-Iƒ XncpØn hcp-tºmƒ samØ hne-°-b-‰-tXmXv12 i-X-am\w Ihnbpw F∂Xp Xo¿®. C‘-\-hn-e-°b-‰-Øns‚{]Xn-^-e\w PqWnse IW-°n¬ D≠v.]s£ PqWn¬ am{X-a-√, Pqsse-bnepw AXns‚ {]Xym-LmXw ImWpw. AXm-bXv Pqsse-bnse hne-°-b-‰-tØmXpw hfsc Db¿∂Xm-bn-cn-°pw.Xmßm-hp-∂-Xnepw IqSp- -X-emWv hne-°-b-‰-tØmXvF∂mcpw ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√. Zu¿`m-Ky-I-c-amb Imcyw Cuhne-°-b-‰-Øns‚ G‰hpw ap¥n-b-`mKw `£y-h-kvXp-°-fn-em-sW-∂-Xm-Wv.Hcp h¿j-Øn-e-[n-I-ambn `£y-h-kvXp-°-fpsS hne-°-b‰w Cc-´-b-°-Øn-em-Wv. dm_n-hn-f-sh-Sp∏v \∂m-hp-I-bpw, tKmXºvhnf dn°m¿Um-hp-Ibpw sNbvXn´pwhne-Iƒ XmWn-√. ]b-dp-h¿§-ß-fpsS hne Ct∏mgpw33 iX-am\w h¿[n®p \nev°p-∂p.D]-t`m-‡r-hne kqNnI IW-°m-°n-bm¬ hne-°b-‰-tØmXvCt∏mƒ Xs∂ 14 iX-am-\-Øn\p apI-fnem-Wv.Hcp P\m-[n-]Xy kwhn-[m-\-Øn¬- A-\p-hZn°m-hp-∂-tXm, Xmßm-hp-∂tXm A√ Cu coXn-bn-ep-ff hne-°-b-‰w.s]cn-kvtIm-∏vsI.-B¿.- _n-Pn-tam≥Ign H∂-c-h¿jw kmº-ØnI hf¿® Dd-∏m-°m-\mbn hn]-Wn-bn-te°v \nb-{¥-W-an-√msX ]-W-samgp-°n-bn-cp-∂p.B ]W-sam-gp°pw hne-°-b-‰-Øn\pImc-W-am-bn-´p-≠v. ]s£, AXp am{X-a√ hne-°-b-d-Øn\p ]n∂n¬.Hcp `mKØv D¬]m-Z-\-°p-dhv aqe-ap-ff hnj-b-ßfp-≠v.]b-dp-h¿K-߃ apX¬ [m\y-߃ hsc-bp-f-fh-bn¬AXp-Im-Wmw.H∏w CtX km[-\-ß-fnepw ]©-km-c-bn-ep-sa√mw`c-W-]-c-amb ]mfn-®-bp-≠m-bn. hn]-Wn-bn¬ Ipd-hp-≠m-Ip-sa∂v h∂-t∏mƒ e`yX Iq´m≥ {ian-®n-√. Cd-°p-aXn Xocp-am-\-߃ sshIn. Cd-°p-aXn sNbvXH∂mw ]mZ Ib-‰p-a-Xn-bn¬32.25 iX-am\w h¿[\anI® {]I-S-\w. ]s£ ssIø-Sn®v BÀm-Zn-°m≥ Bcpw Xøm-dm-Ip-∂n-√.C¥y-bpsS Ib-‰p-aXn cwK-am-Wn-Xv. ]pXnb kmº-ØnI h¿j-Øns‚ BZy-]m-Z-Ønse Ib-‰p-aXn Dinc≥hf¿® ImWn-®p. G{]n¬-˛-Pq-Wnse Ib-‰p-aXn 32.3 iX-am\w IqSn 50.8 _ney¨ tImSn tUmf-dm-bn. Cd-°p-aXn 34 iX-am\w h¿≤n®v 83 _ney-Wn-ep-sa-Øn.CXp km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn¬ henb BÀm-Z-Øn\p Imc-W-am-I-Ww. ]s£ CØ-hW Aß-s\-bn-√. ImcWwIgn--h¿jsØ hfsc XmW \ne-hm-c-Øn¬ \n∂mWv Ct∏mƒ Cu h¿[-\. AtX t]mse Cu hf¿®mtØmXvXpS-cm-\mIp-sa∂v Dd-∏p-an-√. Ata-cn-°-bpw, bqtdm∏pw, ssN\-bp-sams° Ipd--tXm-Xn¬ hfcp∂kml-N-cy-Øn¬ Ib-‰p-aXn hf¿®bv°v km[yX Ipd-hm-Ipw. {i≤n-t°≠ Imcyw KWy-amb hf¿®Ds≠-nepw Ib-‰p-aXn C\nbpw 2008˛se \ne-hm-c-Øn¬ FØn-bn-´n√ F∂-Xm-Wv.Pq¨ amk-Ønse IW°v t\m°p-I. CØ-hW 17.75 _ney¨ tUmf¿ Ib-‰p-aXn \S-∂p. 30.4 iXam\wh¿[-\. ]s£ h¿[n-®Xv 2009 PqWnse 13.6 _ney-Wn¬ \n∂m-Wv. F∂m¬ 2008 PqWnse Ib-‰p-aXnF{X-bm-sWt∂m? 19.2 _ney¨. B \ne-hm-c-Øn¬ \n∂v H∂c _ney¨ Ipd-hmWv Ct∏m-gsØ Ib-‰p-a-Xn.BtKm-f-am-µy-hpw, [\-Imcy {]Xn-k-‘nbpw DSseSp-°p-∂-Xn\p sXm´papºp-ff \ne-hm-c-Øn-te°v Ib-‰p-aXn C\nbpw FØn-bn-´n-√. Fnepw XpS¿®-bmb A©mw amkhpw Ib-‰p-a-Xn-bn¬ h¿[\-bp-f-fXvs]mXpth Bizmkw ]I-cp-∂p.F≥Pn-\o-b-dnw-Kv, cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ, Huj-[-߃, cXv\-ß-fpw, B`-c-W-ß-fpw, Ccp-º-bncv XpS-ßnb taJe-I-fmWvhenb hf¿® ImWn-®-Xv. F≥Pn-\o-b-dnwKv Ib-‰p-aXn PqWn¬ 90 iX-am-\hpw H∂mw ]mZ-Øn¬45 iX-am-\hpw IqSn. Ccp-º-bncv Ib-‰p-aXn Izm¿´-dn¬ 130 iX-am-\-hpw, PqWn¬ 80 iX-am-\-hp-amWv IqSn-b-Xv.tabn¬ Ib-‰p-aXn Cc-´n-bn-tesd h¿[n-®-XmWv Ccp-º-bn-cns‚ ]mZ-\n-c°v Cßs\ Iq´n-b-Xv. F∂m¬ssN\-bn¬ \n∂p-ff Unam≥Uv PqWn¬ Ipd-p. hf¿®m-tØmXv Ipd-bv°m-\p-ff ssN\okv ]cn-{iawXpS¿∂p-ff amk-ß-fnepw Ccp-º-bncv Ib-‰p-aXn XmgvØp-sa-∂mWv Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.cXv\-ß-fp-sS-bpw, B`-c-W-ß-fp-sSbpw Ib-‰p-a-Xn-bn¬ 30 iX-am-\-amWv ]mZ-h¿[-\. PqWn¬ 24 iX-am-\hpw. s]t{Sm-fnbw D¬∏∂ Ib-‰p-aXn G{]n¬˛-Pq-Wn¬ 70 iX-am\w h¿[n®p.sdUn-sabvUv hkv{X-I-b-‰p-aXn H∂mw ]mZ-Øn¬ 2.5 iX-am\w Ipd-p.PqWnse samØw Ib-‰p-aXn 30.4 iX-am\w h¿[n-®-t∏mƒ Cd-°p-aXn 23 iX-am\w IqSn 28.3 _ney-Wmbn.H∂mw ]mZ-Ønse Cd-°p-aXn h¿[\ 34 iX-am-\-ap-≠v. PqWn¬ 10.55 _ney¨ tUmf-dp≠v hmWnPyIΩn. G{]n¬-˛-Pq-Wn¬ 32.2 _ney¨ tUmf-dpw.BtKmf amµysØ XpS¿∂v 2009 HIvtSm-_¿ hsc 13 amkw XpS¿®-bmbn Ib-‰p-aXn Ipd--Xm-Wv.\hw-_-dn-epw, Unkw-_-dnepw Ib-‰p-aXn h¿[n-®Xv P\p-h-cn-bn¬ ]nt∂m´p t]mbn. ]n∂oSv AXv XpS¿®bmbA©p-amkw Ib-‰p-aXn h¿[n-®p.2008˛09˛¬ 185.3 _ney¨ tUmf¿ Ib-‰p-aXn D≠mb ÿm\Øv 2009-˛10 h¿jw 176.5 _ney¨ tUmf¿am{Xsa Ib-‰p-aXn \S-∂p-f-fp. Cd-°p-a-Xn-bm-I-s´, 8.2 iX-am\w Ipd-v 278.7 _ney¨ tUmf-dm-bn. hmWnPyIΩn 118 _ney-Øn¬ \n∂v 102 _ney¨ tUmf-dmbn Ipd-p.Cs°m√w 200 _ney¨ tUmf-dmWv Ib-‰p-aXn e£yw. AXp km[n-°m-hp∂ hn[-amWv H∂mw ]mZ-Ønse Ib-‰p-a-Xn.]©-km-c-bpw, a‰pw XS-bm≥ Nne kwÿm-\-߃ apXncp-IbpwsNbvXp.F√mw IqSn hne-Iƒ \nb-{¥-W-an-√msX IqSp-∂-Xn¬ FØn.Cßs\ IqSn-bm¬ F¥m-Ip-sa∂v F√m-h¿°p-adn-bmw.]en-i-\n-c°v Iq´m≥ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ D≠m-Ipw.t\csØ amµyw Hgn-hm-°m-\mbn ]W-\bw Bb®phn´n-cp-∂p. hmbv] e`yX Iq´p-I, ]en-i-\n-c°v XmgvØn\ndp-ØpI CXm-bn-cp∂p \bw.B \bw amdn-h-cn-I-bm-Wv. GXm\pw amk-ß-fmbnAXp XpS-ßn-bn-´v.2008 HSp-hn¬ apX¬ 2009 G{]n¬ hsc-bp-ff Imeb-f-hn¬]W-\bw hf-sc-s∏-´-∂mWv Ab®p sIm≠ph-∂-Xv. 2008 Unkw-_-dn¬ 6.75 iX-am-\-am-bn-cp∂ dot]m\nc°v (_m-p-Iƒ°v dnk¿hv _mv \evIp∂ {lkz-Ime hmbv]°v CuSm-°p∂ ]eni \nc-°v) A©pamkwsIm≠v 4.75 iX-am-\-am-°n. C°-gn am¿®n¬AXp h¿[n-∏n®p XpS-ßn. am¿®n¬ 5.00 iX-am-\-ambpw,G{]n-en¬ 5.25 iX-am-\-am-bpw, Pqsse c≠n\v5.50 iX-am-\-ambpw IqSn. CtX-t]mse dnthgvkv dot]m\nc°v 3.25 iX-am-\-Øn¬ \n∂v \mep-i-X-am-\-am-°n.Icp-X¬]W A\p-]mXw s^{_p-hcn apX¬ aq∂p-XhWh¿[n-∏n®v Bdp- -i-X-am-\-am-°n.C\n AXns‚ thK-hpw, tXmXpw IqSpw. Pqsse27se ]W-\b Ah-tem-I\w AXmWv kqNn-∏n-®-Xv.hne-°-b‰w Ipd-bv°m≥ dnk¿hv _mns‚ ssIbn-epff{][m\ Bbp-[-amb ]W-\bw i‡-am-bn-Øs\D]-tbm-Kn-°pw.AXp cmPyØv ]en-i-\n-c°v h¿[n-∏n-°pw. CXp-hsc-bp-ff\S-]-Sn-I-fpsS t]cn¬ ]en-i-\n-c°v Iq´n-bns√-∂Xpicn. AXn\p {][m\ ImcWw hmbv]-sb-Sp-°¬ aµ-K-Xn-bn-em-b-Xm-Wv. sk]v‰w-_-tdmsS hmbv]-sb-Sp-°¬ thK-Øn-em-Ip-sa-∂mWv {]Xo-£. AtXmsS_mp-Ifpw ]eni Iq´p-sa-∂p-d-∏v."skkv ' Ib-‰p-a-Xn-bn¬hº≥ IpXn∏vkzX{¥ kmº-Øn-I-ta-Je (sk-kv) Ifn¬ \n∂pffIb-‰p-a-Xn-bn¬ 68 iX-am\w h¿[-\. G{]n¬-˛-Pq¨]mZ-Øn¬ samØw 58756.68 tImSn cq]-bpsS Ib-‰p-a-Xn-bmWv skkv bqWn-‰p-I-fn¬ \n∂p-≠m-b-Xv. Xteh¿jwCtX Ime-b-f-hn¬ 35013 tImSn-bp-sS-Xm-bn-cp∂pskkn¬ \n∂p-ff Ib-‰p-a-Xn.Ign kmº-Øn-I-h¿jw (2009˛10) skkn¬\n∂v samØw 2,20,000 tImSn cq]-bv°p-ff Ib-‰p-aXn\S-∂p. 2008-˛09-˛se 90,000 tImSn cq]-bn¬ \n∂v 120iX-am\w h¿[-\-bm-Wn-Xv. skkv \nbaw h∂ 2005˛06s\ At]-£n®v ]Øp-a-S-ßpw.Pq¨ 30˛se \ne-h®v skkv ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬5,50,323 t]¿°v t\cn´p tPmen \evIn-bn-´p-≠v. am¿®v31s\ At]-£n®v aq∂p-amkw sIm≠v 46712 t]¿°pIqSn ]Wn e`n-®p. aq∂p-amkw sIm≠v 18000 tImSncq]-bpsS aqe-[\ \nt£-]hpw skkp-I-fn¬ D≠mbn.Pq¨ 30-˛-HmsS samØw 1,66,526 tImSn cq]-bpsSaqe-[\ \nt£]w skkp-I-fn¬ D≠m-bn. CX-{Xbpw]pXnb \nt£-]-am-sW-∂pw, B`y-¥c Xmcn^v taJe-bn¬\n∂v Xncn-®p-hn-´-X-s√∂pw FIvkvt]m¿´vs{]mtam-j≥ Iu¨kn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-®p.

August 20109A-Uz.-sI.-kn.- kp-tc-jv-\n-b-ahpw [\Im-cy-hpw-N-\w- C-√m-bv-a- (AA 15 (1),- A-h-k-c-k-aXzw (AA 16)- -,- Po-h-\pw- hy-‡n-kz-m-X-{¥y-Ø-n-\pw- kw-c-£-Ww- (AA 21)-,- Xp-etPm-en-°v-Xp-ey-thX-\w- (AA 39 (d),- kv-{Xo-Iƒ-°pw- Ip-´n-Iƒ-°pw- t-h-W-sa-n¬- {]-tXy-I- \n-b-a-߃- (AA 15 -(3)-,-kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS- A-¥-kn-t\-bpw- am-\y-Xtb-bpw- I-f--s∏-Sp-ØmXnc-n°¬ (51A(e)-,- {]-k-hm-\pIq-eyw- (AA 42)- F-∂nh-hm-Kv-Zm-\w- sN-øp-∂p.-kv-{Xo-Iƒ-s°-Xn-sc-bp-≈- Ip-‰-Ir-Xy-߃°v- C-¥y≥- in-£m-\n-b-aw- in-£-Iƒ- ]-d-bp-∂p-≠v.- A-h-bn¬- ]-e-Xpw- s]m-Xp-hm-b-h-bm-Wv.- C-¥y≥- in-£-m-\n-b-a-Øn-s‚- h-Ip-∏v- 354,-509 F-∂o- h-Ip-∏p-Iƒ- kv-{Xo-bp-sS- t\-sc-bp-≈- hm-°p-Ifm-tem,-Bw-Ky-ß-fm-tem,- B-{I-a-W-Øn-eq-sS-tbm- A-h-cpsS-]-m-Xn-{h-Xyw- tNm-Zyw- sN-ø-s∏-Sp-∂- A-h-k-c-ß-fn¬- {]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂- h-Ip-∏p-I-fm-Wv.-Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition)Act, 1987 kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS- A-¥- pw- am-\y-X-bpw- \n-e\n¿-Øp-∂-X-n-\m-bn- \n¿-a-n-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv.-kv-{Xo-I-sf-°p-dn-®v- k-`y-a-√m-Ø- h¿-Wn-°¬ Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂- {]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-߃,- _p-°pIƒ,- e-Lp-te-J-Iƒ- F-∂n-h- A-b-°-p-I-tbm,- hn¬-°p-I-tbm,- hm-S-I-°v- sIm-Sp-°p-I-tbm,- e-Lp-te-J-Iƒ,- _p-°p-Iƒ,- ss…-Up-Iƒ,- ^n-en-ap-LL.M (Crimes), PGDHR (Human Rights),Former Legal Advisor, Vigilance &ACBsXm-gn¬- ÿ-e-Ø-p- kv-{Xo- kw-c-£-Wwkv-{Xo-Iƒ-°v- ]p-cp-j-Xp-ey-am-b- ]-cn-K-W-\-bpw- A-h-Imi-ß-fp-w-]-Z-hn-bpw- H-cp-Im-e-Ø- C-¥y≥- k-aq-lw- sIm-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p.- F-∂m¬- kv-ar-Xn-Im-e-L-´-Øn¬- C-u- ÿm-\-Øn-\v- D-e-®n¬- X-´m≥- Xp-S-ßn.- "a-\p-kv-ar-Xn-'-bn¬- ]-p-cp-j-ta-[m-hn-Xzw- A-Sn-t®¬-∏n-°p-∂- \n-b-a-߃- \nd-- k-a-qlsØ-\-ap-°v- Im-Wm≥- I-gn-bpw-.- Xp-S¿-∂p-h-∂- A-[n-\n-thi-߃-kv-{Xo-bp-sS- ]-Z-hn- ]n-s∂-bp-w- ]-cp-ß-en-em-°n.- th-Z-Im-e-L-´-Øn-se- X-p-ey-]-Z-hn- A-©mw- \q-‰m-≠v- ap-X¬- 15˛mw-\q-‰m-≠p-h-sc-bp-≈- Im-e-L-´-Øn¬- G-sd-°p-sd- C-√m-Xmbn-F-∂p- ]-d-bmw.- k-Xn-bpw- in-ip-hn-hm-l-hpw- kv-{Xo-I-fpsS-k-aq-l-Øn-se- ÿm-\-Øn-\p-h-∂- tIm-´w- Nq-≠n-°m-´p-∂p.- tZ-h-Zm-kn- k-{º-Zm-bw- a-s‰m-cp-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv.- {_n-´ojp-Im¿-1829˛¬- k-Xn- \n-tcm-[n-s®-n-epw- `m-c-X-Øn-se- ]-e- \m-´p-cm-Py-ß-fn-epw- A-Xp-X-p-S¿-∂p.- kzm-X-{¥yw- In-´n-b-Xn-\p-ti-jw- 40-Hm-fw- k-Xn-Iƒ- dn-t∏m¿-´v- sN-b-v-X-Xm-bn- tc-J-Iƒ- sh-fn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.- A-Xn¬- {i-t≤-b-am-b-Xpw- \m-Sns‚-a-\- m-£n-sb- Ip-Øn-ap-dn-th¬-∏n-®-Xpw- cm-P-ÿm-\nse-cq-]v-I¨h¿- F-∂- bp-h-Xn-bp-sS- k-Xn- F-∂v- ]-d-b-s∏-Sp-∂- a-Xm-[n-jv-Tn-X- sIm-e-]-m-X-I-am-Wv.- C-Xn-s\-Øp-S¿-∂v-1987˛¬- k-Xn-\n-tcm-[-\- \n-b-aw- F-gp-Xn-t®¿-Øp.-tZ-h-Zm-kn- k-{º-Zm-b-hpw- in-ip-hn-hm-l-hpw- kv-{Xo-[-\-hpw- F-√mw- \-n-tcm-[n-®p-\n-b-aw- h-∂p.- h-f-sc- sIm-´n-tLmjn-®p-sIm-≠p-h-∂- 1961˛se- kv-{Xo-[-\-\n-baw- t\-m-°n-\n¬t°-Ø-s∂-1997˛se- H-cp- I-W-°-\p-k-cn-®v- 5000 kv-{Xo-Isf-n-epw-kv-{Xo-[-\-a-c-W-Øn-\v- hn-t[-b-cm-bn.- in-ip-hn-hmlw-1860¬- X-s∂- \n-tcm-[n-®n-cp∂p- F-n-e-pw- ]n-s∂-bp-a-B-Nm-cw- Xp-S¿∂p-h-∂p.- hn-[-h-I-fm-b- in-i-p-°-fp-sS- Po-hn-Xw- Zp- -l-]q¿-W-am-bn-cp-∂p.- tem-I-sØ- 40 i-X-am-\wssii-h-hn-hm-l-ß-fpw-\-S-∂-Xv- C-¥y-bnem-Wv.-kv-{Xo-˛]p-cp-j- k-a-Xz-Øn¬- tem-I-cm-{„-ßfn¬- 134 cm-Py-ß-sf-Sp-Øm¬- C-¥y- 114˛m-a-sØ- - ÿm-\-Øm-Wv F-∂vtem-I-k-m-º-Øn-I- t^m-d-Øn-s‚- 2009se- I-W-°p-Iƒ- Nq-≠n-°m-´p-∂p.- C-¥y≥- kv-{Xo- h-f-sc-tb-sd- Zp-cn-Xw- A-\p-`hn-°p-∂p-F-∂-Xv- hm-kv-X-hw- X-s∂-˛sXm-gn-en-√m-bv-a,- km-£-c-X,- B-tcm-Kyw,- kmaq-ly-{]-Xn-_-‘-߃- A-ßn-s\- ]-e-Xpw.- C-Xn-s\- F-√mw- \n-b-aw- aq-ew- H-m-tcm-t∂m-tcm-∂m-bn-F-Sp-Øv- {]-Xn-hn-[n- tX-Sp-I- km-[y-a-√.-F-∂m¬- kv-{Xo-˛]p-cp-j- k-a-Xzw- hm-Kv-Zm-\w- sN-øp-∂-H-cp- `-c-W-L-S-\-bm-Wv- `m-c-X-Øn-t‚-Xv.- `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS-A-\p-t—-Zw- 14˛\n-b-a-Øn-\v- ap-∂n¬- k-a-Xzw- hm-Kv-Zm-\w- sNøp-∂p.-`m-c-X-Øn-s‚- A-Xn¿-Øn-°p-≈n¬- bm-sXm-cp- Im-c-W-h-im-epw- H-cp- ]u-c-\pw- \-n-b-a-Øn-\v- ap-ºn¬- k-a-Xz-hpw-Xp-ey-am-b- kw-c-£-W-hpw- \n-tj-[n-°p-hm≥- ]m-Sn-√- F-∂v-Cu- hIp-∏v- hy-‡-am-°p-∂p.-`m-c-X-Øn¬- `-c-W-L-S-\-b-m-Wv- au-eo-I-A-h-Im-i-ßfpsS-Im-h¬- am-em-J.- \n-b-a-߃- \n¿-an-°p-tºm-gpw- Iq-´nt®¿-°p-tºm-gpw-au-en-I- A-h-Im-i-߃- kz¿-W-en-]n-I-fn¬-B-te-J-\w- sN-bv-X- `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- H-cp- hm-°n-\p-t]mepw-tIm- -´w- X-´m-sX- kq-£n-°p-hm≥- `-c-W-Iq-S-Øn-\v- _m-[y-X-bp-≠v.-Cu- A-\p-tO-Z-Øn-¬- ]-d-bp-∂- "k-a-Xzw'- `m-c-X-Øn-sekv-{Xo-Iƒ-°v-e-`n-°p-∂p-t≠m?-A-\p-tO-Zw- 15˛mw- h-Ip-∏v- enw-K-t`-Z-Øn-s‚- ]-c-n-K-W-\-bn¬- H-c-p- ]-u-c-t\m-Spw- {]-tXy-I- hn-th-N-\w- Im-Wn-°m≥-]m-Sn-√- F-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂p.-kv-{Xo-°v- hn-th-N-\-c-ln-X-am-b- H-c-p Po-hn-X- k-m-l-N-cyam-tWm-C-∂v- `m-c-X-Øn¬- D-≈-Xv.- kv-{Xo-Iƒ- sXm-gn¬- ta-J-e-bn¬- kp-c-£- D-d-∏m-°m≥- \n-b-a-\n¿-am-Ww- F-∂- B-i-bw- C-¥y-bn¬- D-S-se-Sp-Øn-´v- Im-e-߃- h-f-sc- I-gn-p.-C-¥y≥- `-c-W-L-S-\- kv-{Xo-Iƒ-°v- k-a-Xzw- (AA 14)-,- hn-th-Iƒ,- c-N-\-I-ƒ,- s]-bn‚nw-Kp-Iƒ,- t^m-t´m-Iƒ- F-∂n-h- hn-X-c-Ww- sN-øp-I-tbm- sN-øp-∂-Xv- \n-tcm-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p- F-∂v- Cu- \n-b-aw- ]-d-bp-∂p.-F-∂m¬- Cu- \n-tcm-[-\-Øn¬- \n-∂pw- s]m-Xp-P-\-\-∑,-a-X-]-cw,- ]p-cm-h-kv-Xp-kv-am-c-Iw,- t£-{X-in¬-]-߃,- Nn-e- {]-tXy-I- ^n-en-ap-Iƒ- F-∂n-h- H-gn-hm-°s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.-kv-{Xo-bp-sS- k-a-Xz-hpw- A-¥- v,- am-\y-X-bpw- \n-e-\n¿-ØnsXm-gn¬-ta-J-ebn¬- kw-c-£-Ww- D-d-∏p-h-cp-Øp-hm≥- sXmgn-ep-S-a-Iƒ-t°m,-ÿm-\-]-Øn-t\m- I-gn-bm-Ø- A-t\-Iw- kw-`-h-߃- C-¥y-bn¬- D-≠m-bn-´p-≠v.- sXm-gn¬-ta-J-e-bn-se- kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS- Cu- A-h-ÿ- temI-cm-{„-߃- ap-gp-h≥- N¿-®sN-bv-X-hn-j-b-am-Wv.- ]-e- \n-b-a-Ønepw- ap-ßn-X-∏n- kv-{Xobp-sS-sXm-gn¬- ta-J-ebn-se- A-h-Im-i-ß-fpw- kw-c-£-Wß-fpw-D-d-∏m-°m≥- _p-≤n-ap-´p-≈-Xn-\m¬- kv-{Xo-Iƒ- C-∂vsXm-gn¬-ÿ-e-Øv- A-\p-`-hn-°p-∂- ssew-Kn-I-]o-U-\-Øn-\-v- H-cp- \n-b-a-\n¿-am-Ww- X-s∂- th-W-sa-∂v- tem-I-sØ- ]-e cm-Py-ß-fpw- Xo-cp-am-\-sa-Sp-Øp.- Nn-en-b-n¬- C-ß-s\- H-cp- \n-b-a-\n¿-am-Ww- h-∂-Xv- 2005˛em-Wv.- \n-b-a-\n¿-am-W-Øn-\v- ap-ºv- 6]-cm-Xn-Iƒ- D-≠m-bn-cp∂-Xv- \n-b-a-\n¿-am-W-Øn-\p-ti-jw- 1900F-∂- \n-e-bn-se-Øn.- bp-ssW-‰-Uv- t\-j≥-kpw- \-n-b-a-\n¿-am-W-Øn-s‚- B-h-iy-I-X- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.-1930˛se- a-\p-jym-h-Imi- kw-c-£-W- \n-b-a-Øn¬- ]-dbp-∂-a-\p-jym-h-Im-iØn¬-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv- sXm-gn¬- ÿ-e-Øv- kv-{Xo-Iƒ-°v- ssew-Kn-I- ]o-U-\-Øn-s‚- kw-c-£-Ww- sIm-Sp-°p-I- F-∂-Xv.- C-¥y≥- kp-{]ow-tIm-S-Xn- hn-im-J- Vs kv-t‰-‰v- sk- cm-P-ÿm≥- (1997)- 6 Sec 241 F-∂- tI-kn¬- h-n-[n-®tXm-sS-Cu- \n-b-a-\n¿-am-Ww- A-\n-hm-cy-am-bn- h-∂p.-F-¥m-Wv- a-\p-jym-h-Imi- \n-b-a-Øn¬- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv-˛a-\pjym-h-Im-iw-F-∂-Xp-sIm-≠¿-∞-am-°p-∂-Xv- C-¥y≥- `-c-W-L-S-\-bn¬- F-gp-Xn-t®¿-Ø-tXm,- A-¥¿-tZ-io-b- D-S-º-Sn-Iƒhy-h-ÿ-sN-bv-X-tXm,- tIm-S-Xn-I-fn¬- \-S-∏n-em-°n-b-tXm-sS-B-b- hy-‡n-I-fp-sS- Po-h-s\-tbm- k-a-Xz-Øn-s\-tbm,- A-¥kn-t\-tbm-kzm-X-{¥y-Øn-s\-tbm- _m-[n-°p-∂- A-h-Im-i-ßfm-Wv.-hn-im-Jn- tI-kn¬- kp-{]ow-tIm-S-Xn- F-√m- sXm-gn-ep-S-a-Iƒ-°p-w- ÿm-]-\-Øn-s‚- D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Xz-s∏-´-h¿-°pw- Nn-eam¿-K-\n¿-t±-i-߃-]p-d-s∏-Sp-hn-®p.- sse-w-Kn-I-]o-U-\w- F-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v- A¿-∞-am-°p-∂-Xv- F-¥m-Wv- F-∂v- kp-{]owtIm-S-Xn- Nq-≠n-°m-´p-I-bpap-≠-m-bn.-F-¥m-Wv- hn-im-J- tI-kn-s‚- ]n-∂m-ºp-dw.-hn-im-J- tI-kv- \-S-∂-Xv- c-m-P-ÿm-\n-em-Wv.- cm-P-ÿm≥-A-\m-Nm-c-߃- apdp-sI-]n-Sn°p-∂- H-cp- Iq-´w P-\-hn-`m-Kw- Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-\m-Sm-Wv-.- k-Xn,- in-iphn-hm-lw- F-∂n-h- C-∂pwcm-P-ÿm≥-a-Æn¬- \n-∂pw- t]m-bn-´n-√.-in-ip-hn-hm-l-Øn-s\-Xn-cm-bn- {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂- A-t\-Iwkw-L-S-\-Iƒ-cm-P-ÿm-\n-ep-≠v.- A-Xn-\m-bn- k¿-°m¿- Xp-Sßn-h-®-Cu- ]-cn-]m-Sn-bn¬- {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂- km-aq-ln-I- {]-h¿-Ø-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p- hn-hm-ln-X-bm-b- _≥-hm-cn- tZ-hn.- A-hcp-sS-tPm-en-bp-sS- `m-K-ambn- cm-a-I-c¨- K-÷m¿- F-∂-bm-fpsS-s]-¨-in-ip-hn-s‚- hn-hm-lw- X-S-bm≥- {i-an-®p.- F-n-epwhn-hm-lw-\-S-∂p.- X-S-bm≥- {i-an-®-Xn¬- cm-a-I-c-W-S-°w- H-cp-Iq-´w- K-÷m¿-am¿-°v- _≥-hm-cn-tZ-hn-tbm-Sv- I-Sp-Ø- ]-I-bpwhn-tZz-j-hpw-tXm-∂n.- _≥-hm-cn-sb- k-aq-l-Øn¬- \n-∂v- _-ln-jv-I-cn-®v- A-Xp- \-S-∏n-em-°n.- 1992 sk-]-v-Xw-_¿- am-k-Øn¬-_≥-hm-cn-sb- cm-a-I-c-¨- K-÷m¿- A-S-°w- 5 t]¿- tN¿-∂v- Iq-´-_-em¬-kw-Kw- \S-Øn-.- arKo-b-am-bn- ]o-Un-∏n-°-s∏-´- _≥h-m-cn-sb-{Km-a-Øn-se- G-I- ]-ªn-Iv- sl-¬-Øv- sk‚-dn-setUm-Œ¿-Xn-cn-p-t\m-°n-bn-√-˛{]m-bw- am-{X-w- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øna-S-°n-A-b-®p.- kv-t‰-j-\n¬- h-\n-Xm- t]m-eo-kp-Im¿- A-]-am-\n-®p-˛_≥-hm-cn-tb-bpw- `¿-Øm-hn-t\-bpw-,- `o-Xn-bpw- kw-c-£-W-hpw- C-√m-Ø- H-c-h-ÿ-bn¬- kv-t‰-j-\-jn¬- \n-∂pw- C-d-°n-hn-´p.-_≥-hm-cn-bp-sS- tI-kn¬- Io-gv-tIm-S-Xn- {]-Xn-Iƒ-°-\p-Iqe-am-bn-hn-[n- {]-kv-Xm-hn-®p.- _≥-hm-cn- sh-dp-sX- I-øpw-sI-´n-A-_-e-bm-bn- \n-∂n-√.- A-h¿- \n-b-aw- h-®p- X-s∂- X-s‚- t]mcm-´w-Xp-S¿-∂p.- h-\n-Xm- kw-L-S-\-I-fpw,- _≥-hm-cn-bp-sS- k¿-°m¿- kw-L-S-\-bpw- cw-K-Øp-h-∂p.- cm-Py-hym-]-I-am-b- {]-t£m-`w- \-S-∂p.- ssl-t°m-S-Xn-bn¬- _≥-hm-cn- hn-P-bn-®p.- {]-Xn-Im-c-Zm-lnI-fm-b- {]-Xn-Iƒ- a-\-]q¿-hw- _≥-lm-cn-sb- Iq-´-_-em¬-kw-Kw- sNbv-Xp- F-∂v- I-s≠-Øn.-C-tXm-sS- hn-im-J- F-∂- h-\n-Xm- kw-L-S-\- cw-K-sØ-Øn.- A-h¿- kp-{]ow-tIm-S-Xn-sb- k-ao-]n-®v- tP-m-en-°m-cm-bkv-{Xo-Iƒ-°v-sXm-gn¬-ÿ-e-Øp-h-®v- ssew-Kn-I- ]o-U-\-Øn¬-\n-∂v- kw-c-£-Ww- \¬-Im≥- Nn-e- \n¿-t±-i-߃- ]p-d-s∏-Sp-hn-°-W-sa-∂B-h-iyw- D-∂-bn-®p.-1997 Hm-K-kv-‰v- 13\v- N-cn-{X- kw-`-h-am-bn- am-dn-b- B- hn-[nh-∂p.-h-n[n-bn¬- hy-‡-am-b- Nn-e- am¿-K-\n¿-t±-i-߃- kp-{]ow-tIm-S-Xn- ]p-d-s∏-Sp-hn-®p.- H-cp- \n-b-a\n¿-am-W-Øn-s‚- B-h-iy-I-X- k¿-°m-cn-s‚- {i-≤-bn¬- kp-{]ow-tIm-S-Xn- sIm-≠ph-∂p.-F-n-epw- 2010˛¬- C-Xp-h-sc-bpw- \n-b-a-\n¿-am-W-{]-{Inb-]q¿-Øn-bm-bn-√.-hn-im-J- tI-kn-s‚- Np-h-Sp-]n-Sn-®m-Wv- F.-sI.- tNm-{]m-bpsStI-kn¬-kp-{]ow-tIm-S-Xn- 1999 P-\p-h-cn- H-∂mw- Xo-b-Xn- hn-[n- ]p-d-s∏-Sp-hn-®-Xv.-F.-sI.- tNm-{]-,- A-∏m-c¬- B‚v- F-Iv-kv-t]m¿-´v- s{]-mtam-j≥-Iu¨-kn-en-s‚- sN-b¿-am-s‚- sk-{I-´-dn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.-12.-8.-88 Xo-b-Xn- ÿm-]-\-Øn-se- H-cp- h-\n-Xm- Po-h-\-°m-cn-bpsS-Nm-cn-{Xyw- l-\n-°m≥- {i-an-®p- F-∂m-bn-cp-∂p- h-\n-Xm-Po-h-\-°m-cn-bp-sS- (x)-s‚- ]-cm-Xn.- "x'- sIm-Sp-Ø- ]-cm-Xn-bn¬-A-h-sc- Sm-Pv- ]m-e-kv- tlm-´-en-se- _n-kn-\-kv- sk‚-dn-te-°v- sN-b¿-ams‚- tI-s´-gp-Øn-\m-bn- ¢m¿-°v- Iw- ssS-∏n-kv-‰mb-X-s∂- sIm-≠p-t]m-bn- F-∂pw,- A-hn-sS-h-®pw- en-^v-‰n¬h-®pw-X-s‚- F-Xn¿-∏p-h-I-sh-°m-sX- X-s∂- ssew-Kn-I-am-bn-]o-Un-∏n-®p- F-\pw- A-h¿- B-tcm-]n-®p.- 1988 Hm-K-kv-‰-v- 17˛mw-Xo-b-Xn- "x' I-º-\n-°v- ]-cm-Xn- \¬-In,- sam-gn-bpw- sIm-Sp-Øp.-18˛mw- Xo-b-Xn- tNm-{]-sb- k¿-ho-kn¬- \n-∂v- k-kv-s]‚≥-UvsN-bv-Xp.-F-√m- B-tcm-]-W-ß-fpw- tNm-{]- \n-tj-[n-®p.- F≥-Iz-b-dn- Hm^o-k¿- tNm-{]-sb- k¿-ho-kn¬- \n-∂pw- Un-kv-ankv-sN-bv-Xp.- tNm-{]- h-Ip-∏p-X-e- A-∏o¬- \¬-In-˛\-¬-In-b-A-∏o¬- \n-e-\n¬-t°- tNm-{]- ssl-t°m-S-Xn-sb- k-ao-]n-®p.-ssl-t°m-S-Xn- tNm-{]-°-\p-Iq-e-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.- tNm-{]- kp-{]owtIm-S-Xn-sb-k-ao-]n-®p.- kv‰-m-∏v- I-º-\n-tbm-Sv- c-≠v- am-k-Øn-\-Iw- Xo-cp-am-\w- F-Sp-°m≥- kp-{]o-w-tIm-S-Xn- \n¿-t±-in-®p.-kv-‰m-^v- I-º-\n-bpw- tNm-{]-sb- k¿-ho-kn¬- \n-∂v- Un-kv-ankv-sN-bv-X-Xv- icn-h-®p.-ho-≠pw- tNm-{]- Cu- D-Ø-c-hn-s\-X-n-sc- ssl-t°m-S-Xnsb-k-ao-]n-®p.- k-kv-s]≥-j≥- Im-e-sØ- th-X-\w- a-chn-∏n-®p-sI-m-≠v- tNm-{]-sb- Xn-cn-sI- F-Sp-°m≥- ssl-t°m-S-Xn- hn-[n-®p.- A-∏m-c¬- I-º-\n- Un-hn-j≥- s_-©n-s\- k-ao-]n-®p.-A-hn-sS-bpw- tNm-{]- hn-P-bn-®p.-Cu- hn-[n-s°-Xn-sc- I-º-\n- kp-{]ow-tIm-S-Xn-sb- k-ao-]n-®p.- hn-i-Z-am-b- hn-i-I-e-\-Øn-\p-ti-jw- tNm-{Km- Po-h\-°mcn-sb-ssew-Kn-I-am-bn- ]o-Un-∏n-®p- F-∂v- I-s≠-Øn- hn-im-Jm- tI-kn-se- aq-∂w-K- s_-©n-s‚- hn-[n-bn-se- am¿-K-\n¿-t±i-߃-kp-{]owtIm-S-Xn- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-®p.- tNm-{]m-bp-sS- {]-hr-Øn- kp-{]ow-tIm-S-Xn- \n¿-h-Nn-®p-"ssew-Kn-I- " ]o-U-\-'-Øn-\p-I-o-gn¬- h-cpw- F-∂v- kp-{]ow-tIm-S-Xn- hn-[n- F-Øn.- tNm-{]-bp-sS- {]-h¿-Øn- ssew-Kn-I-k-Xz-Øn-s‚-bpw- Po-hn-°m-\pw- kzm-X-{¥y-Øn-t‚-bpw- t\-sc-bp-≈- I-S-∂p-I-b-‰-am-sW-∂v- {]-kv-Xm-hn-®p.-1993˛¬- am-\n-e-bn¬- \-S-∂- C‚¿-\m-j-W¬- te-_-¿- Hm¿-K-ss\-tk-j-s‚- (sF-F¬-H)- sk-an-\m-dn¬- sXm-gn¬-im-ebn-se-]o-U-\-߃- ssew-Kn-I- A-k-a-Xz-am-Wv- F-∂v- kp-{]owtI-m-S-Xn-tNm-{]- tI-kn-¬- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-®p.- Io-gv-tIm-S-Xn-Iƒ-C-¥y≥- in-£m-\n-b-a-߃- hym-Jym-\n-°p-tºmƒ- A-¥¿-tZio-b-D-S-º-Sn-I-fpw- sk-an-\m-dp-I-fpw- {i-≤n-°-s∏-S-Wsa-∂v- kp-{]ow-tIm-S-Xn- \n¿-t±-in-®p.- Io-gv-t°m-S-Xn- D-Ø-c-hp-Iƒ- i-cnsh-®p-sIm-≠v-11 h¿-j-sØ- \n-b-a-bp-≤w- A-h-km-\n-®p.-ta-Ym- tIm-Sv-hmƒ- tI-kn¬- (Writ Petiton (crl) No. 173-177/1999) kp-{]ow-tIm-S-Xn- h-n-im-J-t°-kn-se- am¿-K-tcJb-\p-k-cn-®v-]-cm-Xn- I-º-\n-Iƒ- cq-]o-Icn-°m-Ø-Xn-s\- i-‡-am-b- `m-j-bn¬- hn-a-¿-in-®p.- sk≥-{S¬- kn-hn¬- k¿-ho-kv-(tIm¨-U-Œv)- dqƒ-kv-,- 1964¬- ]-d-bp-∂- F≥-Iz-b-dn- Hm-^o-ksd-hn-im-J- tI-kn¬- ]-d-bp-∂- am¿-K-tcJ-bn-se- I-º-\n-bmbn-I-W-°m-°n- A-®-S-°- \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ- ssew-Kn-I-]o-U-\- ]-cm-Xn-I-fn¬- kzoI-cn-°m≥- A-\p-hm-Zw- \¬-In.- C-≥-U-kv-{Snb¬-Fw-tπm-bv-sa‚v- (kv-‰m≥-Unw-Kv- Hm¿-U-¿)- dqƒ-kn-epw- k-am-\-am-b- am-‰w- kp-{]ow-tIm-S-Xn- Cu- hn-[n-bn-eq-sS- h-cp-Øn.-hn-im-J- tI-kn-se- am¿-K-\n¿-t±-i߃- Dƒ-s°m-≈n-®psIm-≠v-\m-j-W¬- h-\n-Xm- I-Ωo-j≥- Nn-e- \n¿-t±-i-߃-]p-d-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.-h-\n-Xm- I-Ωo-j-s‚- \n¿-t±-i-ß-fpw- hn-im-J- tI-kn-se-\n¿-t±-i-ß-fpw- tN-m-{]-tI-kn-se-bpw- ta-Y- tI-kn-se-hn-[n-bpw-C-¥y≥- sIm-ta-gv-kn¬- ss]-e-‰v- A-tkm-kn-tb-j-s‚- \-S-]-Sn-bn¬- H-cp- kzm-[o-\-hpw- sN-ep-Øn-bn-s√-∂-Xn-s‚- sX-fn-hm-Wv- A-ar-X- A-ep-hm-en-b- F-∂- F-b¿- tlm-kv-‰-kn-s‚- I-Y.-C-h-sc- ko-\n-b¿- ss]-e-‰v- ssew-Kn-I-am-bn- ]o-Un-∏n-®p- F-∂-]-cm-Xn-bn¬- {]-Xn-tj-[n-®v- A-tkm-kn-tb-js‚- Io-gn-ep-≈-600Hm-fw- ss]-e-‰p-am¿- C-h-cp-sS- Iq-sS- sXm-gn¬- sN-ø-cp-sX-∂v- A-tkm-kn-tb-j≥- \n¿-t±-iw- sImSp-Øp.-ssew-Kn-I-am-bn- ]o-Un-∏n-®- ]pcp-j- Po-h-\-°m-c-s\-Xn-sc-]-cm-Xn- sIm-Sp-Øp- F-∂- Im-c-WØm¬- 2010 Pq-Wn¬- Cuh-\n-Xm-F-Iv-kn-Iyq-´o-hn-s\- ÿm-\-]-Øn¬- \n-∂pw- k-kvs]‚v- sN-bv-Xp.-sXm-gn¬- ÿ-e-sØ- ssew-Kn-I- ]o-U-\-߃-s°-Xn-sc-H-cp- \n-b-aw- C-∂v- C-¥y-°m-h-iy-am-sW-∂v- tI-{µ-K-h¨-sa‚n-\pw- tXm-∂n-b-Xn-s‚- A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬- D-S-s\-X-s∂- H-cp-_n¬- ]m¿-e-sa‚n¬- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°pw- F-∂-v- I-cp-Xmw.-Cu- _n-√n¬- ]-d-bp-∂- Im-cy-߃- hn-im-J- tI-kn-seam¿-K-\-n¿-t±-i-߃-D-≤-cn-®p-sIm-≠p-Iq-Sn- D-≈-Xm-Wv.- Nn-e-{]-[m-\- `m-K-߃- ]-d-bm-sX- t]m-Ip-∂-Xv- i-cn-b-√.-(Xp-Scpw)-

10August 2010d_¿hne hen®p\o´p-tºmƒHcp h¿jw sIm≠v Cc-´n. ]Øp-h¿jwsIm≠v \mep-a-S-ßv. d_¿hn-e-bpsSImcy-am-Wv.kzm`m-hnI d_-dns‚ hne Akzm-`mhnIsa∂p]ecpw Icp-Xp∂ \nehmcß-fn-te-°p-b¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p.jo‰v d_¿Intem-{Km-an\v 185 cq] IS-∂p. Pqssec≠mw hmcw Ign--t∏mƒ hneA¬]w Xmtgm´p \oßn-sb-nepw ImcyambCSnhv {]Xo-£n-°p-∂n-√.tIc-f-Øn¬ am{X-a√ hntZ-iØpwhne dn°m¿Uv \ne-hm-c-ß-fn-eqsS\oßp-I-bm-Wv.F¥p-sIm≠v?Bhiyw IqSn-b-Xp-sIm≠v F∂m-Wp-Ø-cw.ssN\-bn-sebpw C¥y-bn-sebpwa‰pw hml-\-hn¬]\ Xs∂ apJyImc-Ww. ssN\ Ct∏mƒ Ata-cn-°sb]n¥≈n temI-Ønse G‰hpw henbhml-\-hn-]-Wn-bmbn amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.2009 ¬ Ata-cn-°-bn¬ 103 e£w hml-\-߃ hn‰ ÿm\Øp ssN\-bn¬ 127e£w hn¬]-\.Cu hn]Wn Ct∏mgpw AXn-thKwhf-cp-I-bm-Wv. Cu PqWn¬ ssN\-bnsehml-\-hn¬]\ 19 iX-am\w h¿[n®v 10.4e£-am-bn. H∂-c-h¿j-Øn-\n-S-bnseG‰hpw Ipd hf¿®-bmWv Cu 19iX-am\w Ft∂m¿°p-I.ssN\-bn¬ am{X-a√ C¥y-bnepwhf¿® IpXn-°p-I-bmWv. G{]n¬˛Pq¨ss{Xam-k-Øn¬ 20 iX-am-\-tØm-f-amWvIm¿ hn¬]-\-bnse hf¿®. hmWn-Py-hml\hn¬]-\bpw AXn-\-Sp-Øp-≠v. Sqhoe¿hn¬]\ 30 iX-am-\-tØmfw IqSn.Sb¿ Iº-\n-Iƒ IW-°m-°p-∂XvCs°m√w Sb¿ taJ-e-bpsS d_¿ D]-tbmKw 12-˛15 iX-am\w IqSp-sa-∂m-Wv.AXmWv ]›m-Øew. d_¿ D]-tbmKw IqSp-∂p. ssN\-bn¬ 28iXam\hpw C¥y-bn¬ 13 iX-am-\hpwI≠v D]-tbmKw h¿[n-°p∂p F∂mWvC‚¿\m-j-W¬ d_¿ ÃUn-{Kq∏v (sF-B¿-F-kvPn) Nq≠n-°m-´p-∂-Xv. ate-jybn¬hf¿® 11 iX-am-\-hpw.ssN\, C¥y, atejy F∂o cmPyß-ƒtN¿∂m¬ BtKm-f-d-_¿ D]-tbm-K-Øns‚ 45 iX-am-\-am-Ipw.D]-tbmKw IqSp-X-ep≈ taJ-e-I-fn¬Bhiyw h¿[n-°p-∂p. AXmWvd_¿hnesb apt∂m´p \bn-°p-∂-Xv.]q¿W-ambpw hyh-km-bn-Im-h-iy-Øn-\-p-≈-XmWv d_¿. D]-tbm-K-Øns‚ 50iX-am-\-Øn-tesd hml-\-ß-fn-em-Wv˛Sb-dmbpw _pjp-Iƒ t]mep≈ sNdnbD¬]-∂-ß-fm-bpw. •ukv apX¬sNcn∏pw Ifn-∏m-´hpw tIm¨Uhpwt]mep≈ D]-tbm-K-߃ thsd.Cu D]-tbm-K-ß-sf√mw s]mXp-km-º-ØnI hf¿®-tbmSv t\cn´p _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. PnUn]n hf¿® IqSp-tºmƒD]-tbmKw IqSp-∂p, Ipd-bp-tºmƒ adn-®pw.H∏w Dul-°-®-h-Shpw cwKØphcpw. D]-tbmKw h¿[n®v hne IqSpsa∂pImWp-tºmƒ Bh-iy-am-b-Xn-epa-[nIwhne IqSp-∂Xv AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv.AtX-t]mse Unam≥Uv Ipd-bp-tºmƒXmtg-≠Xnep-a-[nIw Xmgp-∂Xpw CtXkml-N-cy-Øn¬ Xs∂.2008-˛09 C°mcyw DZm-l-cn-°p-∂-XmWv. 2008 HmK-Ãn¬ B¿-F-kv-Fkv ˛\mev jo‰n\p tIc-f-Øn¬ Intem-{Km-an\v142 cq] h∂-Xm-Wv. \mep-amkw IgnpUnkw-_-dn¬ 60 cq]-bn-te°p XmWp.A¥m-cmjv{S hn]-Wn-bnepw kam-\-am-‰-߃ D≠m-bn. 2008 Pqsse-bn¬ knwK-∏q¿ \n∂p≈ d_¿ Ib-‰p-aXnhne]u≠n\v 146 sk‚ v Bbn-cp-∂Xv Unkw-_-dn¬ 57 sk‚mbn XmWn-cp-∂p. Atacn°bpwbqtdm-]y≥ cmPy-ßfpw amµy-Øn-te°p hoW-XmWv CXn\p ]›m-Øe-am-b-Xv.s]t{Sm-fn-bw hne _mc-en\p147 tUmf-dn¬ \n∂p 43 tUmf-dn-te°pXmWXpw CXn\p kam-¥-c-ambn kw`hn®Imcy-am-Wv.2008-˛09 se XmgvNbv°p ap≥]p-≠mbhne-°-b-‰hpw ]n∂oSv XmgvN-bpsStXmXpw hn]Wnbnse Dul-°-®-h-S-Øns‚ ^e-am-Wv. Ib-dp-tºmƒ C\nbpwIb-dp-sa∂pw Xmgp-tºmƒ C\nbpw Xmgpsa∂pwIW-°m°n hne Ib-‰p-ItbmXmgvØp-Itbm sNøp-∂p.Ct∏mgpw CtX i‡n-Iƒ hn]-Wnbn¬{]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-≠v. temI-km-º-ØnI hf¿® `{Zhpw kp\n-›n-XhpwBImsX Xs∂ C{X-I≠p d_¿hneIb-dn-b-Xv Dul-°-®-hSw aqe-am-Wv.Ata-cn-°bpw bqtdm∏pw `{Z-h-f¿®-bn-em-2008-˛09 se XmgvNbv°pap≥]p-≠mb hne-°-b-‰hpw]n∂oSv XmgvN-bpsS tXmXpwDul-°-®-h-S-Øns‚^e-am-Wv.Ib-dp-tºmƒ C\nbpwIb-dp-sa∂pw Xmgp-tºmƒC\nbpw Xmgp-sa∂pwIW-°m°n hne Ib-‰p-ItbmXmgvØp-Itbm sNøp-∂p.Ct∏mgpw CtX i‡n-Iƒ{]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-≠v.temI-km-º-ØnI hf¿®`{Zhpw kp\n-›n-XhpwBImsX Xs∂ C{X-I≠pd_¿hne Ib-dn-b-XvDul-°-®-hSw aqe-am-Wv.Ata-cn-°bpw bqtdm∏pw`{Z-h-f¿®-bn-em-ImsX Xs∂dn°m¿Uv \ne-hm-c-Øn-te°vAh¿ d_-dns\ Ib-‰n.

August 2010ImsX Xs∂ dn°m¿Uv \ne-hm-c-Ønte°vAh¿ d_-dns\ Ib-‰n.hne-I-b-‰p-∂-h-cpsS IW-°p-Iq-´¬efn-X-am-Wv. D]-tbmKw IqSp-∂-X-\p-kcn®vD¬]m-Z\w IqSp-∂n-√. ]Icw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp∂ Ir{Xn-a-d-_-dn\pw hneIqSp-I-bm-Wv. ImcWw Ir{Xn-a-d-_¿-D-≠m-°m≥ th≠ {IqUv Hmbn-en\p hne IqSp-∂p.C¥y-bn¬ d_¿ D]-tbmKwCs°m√w 12 apX¬ 15 hsc iX-am\wIqSp-sa-∂mWv Hmt´m-tam-´ohv Sb¿ a\p-^m-IvtNgvkv Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ (B-Sva)IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv. D¬]mZ\h¿≤\ ]cam-h[nBdp-i-X-am\w F∂v Ah¿ \nKan-°p-∂p.kzm`m-hn-I-am-bpw -cm-PyØpIΩn hcpw. Cu IΩn 1.76 e£w S¨BIp-sa∂v BSva ]d-bp-∂p. cmPyØvD¬]m-Z-\-tØmXv IqSm-\p≈ Ah-kchpwIpd-p-h-cn-I-bm-W-t{X. 2003˛04¬ 20,000 slIvS-dn¬ ]pXnb Sm∏nwKv XpSßnbÿm\Øp Ign h¿jw 3000slIvS¿ am{Xw. cmPysØ d_¿Ir-jnbpsS92 iX-am-\hpw tIc-f-Øn-em-Wv.AhnsS C\n ]pXnb ÿew A[nIwe`n-°p-∂n-√. kao-]-Im-esØ Db¿∂hne aqew ]e-tXm-´-ßfpw bYm-k-abwdoπm‚ v sNbvXn-√. CXpw D¬]m-Z\wIqSp-∂-Xn\p XS-k-am-Ipw.BtKm-f-X-e-Ønepw D]-tbm-K-h¿[-\-bv°-\p-k-cn®v D¬]m-Z-\-h¿[\ kw`hn-°p-∂n-√.Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ Hm^v\m®p-d¬ d_¿ s{]mUyp-knwKvI¨{Sokn(F-F≥-B¿]n-kn)s‚ IW-°p-Iq-´-en¬ Cs°m√w D¬]m-Z\w 95.4e£w S¨ am{Xta BIq. Ignh¿jw 96.9 e£w S¨ D¬]m-Z\w D≠mbn-cp-∂p.apJy-D¬]m-Z-I-cm-Py-ß-fmbXmbve≥Uv, Ct¥m-t\-jy, atejyF∂n-hn-S-ß-fnse ISpØ hcƒ®-bmWvImc-Ww. C‚¿\m-j-W¬ d_¿ ÃUn{Kq∏ns‚ (-sF-B¿-F-kvPn) hnebncp-Øen¬D¬]m-Z\w 101 e£w S¨ BImw.]t£ Imem-hÿ {]iv\w sFB¿-FkvPnP]cn-K-Wn-®n-´n-√.d_-dns‚ D]-tbmKw Ign-h¿jsØ93.9 e£w SÆn¬ \n∂vCs°m√w 99 e£w S¨ BIp-sa-∂mWvsFB¿-FkvPn hne-bn-cp-ج.{][m\ cmPy-ß-fpsS Cd-°p-a-XntØmXvIgn--h¿j-tØ-Xn-t\-°mƒhfsc IqSp-X-em-Wn-Xv. ssN\-bpsS Cd-°p-aXn BZy-am-k-ß-fn¬ 63 iX-am\wIqSn. ate-jy-bp-tSXv 34 iX-am-\-hpw.ssN\-bnse Sb¿ hn¬]\ BtKmf-hn¬]-\-h¿≤-\-bpsSaq∂p-a-SßvthKw h¿[n-°p-sa-∂mWv kpan-tSmtamd_¿ C≥U-kv{Sokv IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv.Ign--h¿jw 40 iX-am\w I≠v hml-\-hn¬]\ h¿[n® ssN\-bn¬Cs°m√w hf¿®-tØmXv Ipd-m¬(2009˛se \ne)em‰n≥ Ata-cn°kzm`m-hnI d_¿BtKm-f-D¬]m-Z\w2,28,000 S¨B{^n° 4,46,000 S¨Gjy 90,21,000 S¨BsI 96,95,000 S¨kzm`m-hnI d_¿BtKm-f-D-]-tbmKw(2009 se \ne)taJeD]-tbmKwhSt° Ata-cn° 7,90,000 S¨em‰n≥ Ata-cn° 4,48,000 S¨bqtdm-]y≥ bqWn-b≥ 8,24,000 S¨injvS-bq-tdm∏v1,67,000 S¨B{^n° 92,000 S¨Gjy /Hmjym-\nb 71,31,000 S¨BsI 93,90,000 S¨t]mepw hml-\-hn¬]\ 20˛25 iX-am\wIqSp-sa-∂mWv {]Xo-£. Ign h¿jwssN\-bn¬ 15 tImSn Sb-dp-Iƒ hn‰-XmbnIW-°m-°p-∂p. ]pXnb hml-\-ß-fn¬A©p-tIm-Snbpw dotπ-kvsa‚ v hn]-Wnbn¬]Øp-tIm-Sn-bpw. Cs°m√w ]eni-\n-c°vIq´nbpw hmbv]m hf¿®Ipd®pw kmº-ØnI hf¿® \nc°v Ipdbv°m-\mWvssN\-bpsS {iaw. F∂n´pwap≥h¿j-tØ-°mƒ KWy-ambn Db¿∂hf¿® D≠v. Cs°m√w BZy-]m-ZØn¬11.9 Dw c≠mw ]mZ-Øn¬ 10.3 Dw iX-am-\-amWv ssN\okv hf¿®. A¿≤-h¿jw11.1 iX-am-\w. CXv Ign--h¿jw BZy-]-Ip-Xnsb At]-£n®p 3.7 iX-am\wIqSp-X-em-Wv. C\n-bp≈ amk-ß-fn¬hf¿® Ipd®p IqSn aµ-K-Xn-bn-em-Ipsa∂ps]mXpth [mcW D≠v.Fn¬t]mepw Ign h¿j-ßsfAt]-£n®p KWy-ambn IqSnb hf¿®bmWvsFFw-F^v t]mepw ssN\bv°pIW-°m-°p-∂-Xv. 2008 ¬ 9.6 iX-am-\hpw09 ¬ 9.1 iX-am-\hpw hf¿∂ ssN\Cs°m√w 10.5 iX-am-\hpw ASp-Øh¿jw9.6 iX-am-\hpw hf-cp-a-s{X. CØc-samcphf¿® hml-\-hn-]-Wn-bnepwXpS¿®-bmbn d_¿hn-]-Wn-bnepw h≥hf¿®bv°p Imc-W-am-Ipw.ssN\ C∂p temI-Ønse G‰hpwhenb hml-\-hn-]Wn am{X-a√ G‰hpwhenb d_¿ hn]-Wn-bp-am-Wv. Ignh¿jw 15 e£w S¨ d_-dmWv ssN\Cd-°p-aXn sNbvX-Xv. Cu h¿jw{]Xo£ 17 e£w S¨ BWv. CXphscbp≈Cd-°p-aXn \¬Ip∂ kqN\Cd-°p-aXn 20 e£w S¨ Ihn--°psa-∂m-Wv.PqWn¬ t]mepw ssN\120000 S¨ hmßn. CXp Xte PqWnte-°mƒ33 iX-am\w IqSp-X-em-Wv.ssN\ am{X-a√ C¥ybpw AXnthKwhf-cp-I-bm-Wv. Kh¨sa‚ v {]Xo-£n® 8.4 iX-am-\hpw IS∂v H≥]-Xp-i-X-am-\-Øn-e-[n-Iw hf¿® Cs°m√wD≠m-bm¬ A¤p-X-an-√. Db¿∂ hf¿®\nc°v hml-\-\n¿am-Whpw D]-tbm-KhpwIq´p-∂p. Sb¿ hyh-km-b-Øn\pw d_¿A[n-jvTnXamb a‰p hyh-km-b-߃°pw{]Xo-£-bn-e-[nIw DW¿hp-≠m-Ipw.CsX√mw Dul-°-®-h-S-°msckzm[o-\n-°p-∂p.Dul-°-®-hSw Ah-[n-hym-]mcwsIm≠p am{X-a-√, Ah-[n-hym-]m-c-Øn¬am{X-hp-a√.AXp ap≥]pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. hne-°b‰w{]Xo-£n-®Xv Nc°v kq£n-°p∂I¿j-I\pw \mS≥ hym]m-cnbpw henbhym]m-cnbpw Nc°v kw`-cn®p hbv°p∂hyh-km-bn-bp-sams°bmWv Dul-°-®-11h-S-°m¿.kao-]-Im-eØp ]t£, Hcp am‰-ap-≈Xv Ah-[n-hym-]m-csØ CXn-s\√mwIp‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv.d_¿ Ah-[n-hym-]mcw C¥y-bn¬ ]p\-cm-cw-`n-®-t∏mƒ-BZyw I¿j-I¿°m-bn-cp∂phna¿i-\w. ImcWw A∂p hne Ipd-p.]n∂oSv hne IqSn-b-t∏mƒ h≥In-S-hym-]mcn-Ifpwhyh-km-bn-I-fp-ambn hna¿i-I¿.ho≠pw hne XmW-t∏mƒ I¿j-I¿ hna¿i-I-cm-bn. Ct∏mƒ hne IqSn-b-t∏mƒ hyhkm-bn-Ifpwhº≥ I®-h-S-°mcpw hna¿i-\-hp-ambn cwK-Øp-≠v.hne-am‰w B¿°p tZmjw sNøp-t∂mAh¿ hn]-Wnsb ]gn°pw F∂p KpW-]m-Tw.d_¿ hne(knw-K-∏q¿ hne ]u≠n\vbpFkv sk‚ v)1990 Pqsse1991 P\p-hcn39.0139.381991 Pqsse1992 P\p-hcn37.3136.351992 Pqsse1993 P\p-hcn40.1241.091993 Pqsse1994 P\p-hcn36.6836.701994 Pqsse1995 P\p-hcn56.7574.581995 Pqsse1996 P\p-hcn60.9670.301996 Pqsse1997 P\p-hcn61.3055.851997 Pqsse1998 P\p-hcn42.5830.671998 Pqsse1999 P\p-hcn31.9232.421999 Pqsse2000 P\p-hcn25.6829.202000 Pqsse2001 P\p-hcn29.4027.612001 Pqsse2002 P\p-hcn27.4825.722002 Pqsse2003 P\p-hcn37.2241.102003 Pqsse2004 P\p-hcn45.6157.522004 Pqsse2005 P\p-hcn59.2954.212005 Pqsse2006 P\p-hcn77.1385.932006 Pqsse2007 P\p-hcn114.1795.652007 Pqsse2008 P\p-hcn95.30119.922008 Pqsse2009 P\p-hcn145.9668.262009 Pqsse2010 P\p-hcn79.06139.722010 Pqsse 156.55

13August 2010Commodity Markets forHedging RiskDimple Tresa Abraham(Faculty- Economics &IB, NDIM-Tughlakabad)The players in the commodity exchanges are the‘hedgers’ and the ‘speculators’. Since the time whencommodity markets came in to existence, to providea platform for management of price risks for agriculturalists,it has grown to encompass a large numberof commodities from edible oil to crude oil. Todayexchanges are even in to carbon trading and weatherfutures.The examples below demonstrate that the objectivesof the hedger and the speculator are different.The speculator is always looking to make money onhis transactions. The hedger is not always looking necessarilyto profit on the futures side of the transactions.His goals are to lock in a price which will assurea profit, or prevent a loss for his business, eitherthe production or consumption of some product.It is therefore, important to understand how a typicalhedge works in both the futures as well as optionsmarkets. Hedging, in simple terms is an activity undertakento manage price risk to producers as well asconsumers of commodities due to price fluctuations.The concept of hedging is the same, whether it is abranded wheat flour manufacturer hedging his wheatneeds or a bank hedging interest rate risk.Almost all of the hedgers close outor offset their futures position long beforethe futures contract expire, and mostsufficiently ahead of the start of the deliveryperiod. Only 1-3% of the totalcommodity contracts result in delivery(the exchange of the actual produce).The Short Hedge The short hedgeis used to protect the value of the inventory.Let us look at an example usingcrude oil. An inventory of 1000 barrelsof crude oil constantly changes in value,from wellhead to consumer, even beforeit is processed into petrol or kerosene (ininternational terms, gasoline or heatingoil). The value changes as the price ofthe crude changes and this occurs daily.A short hedge is used by the owner of acommodity to lock in the value of theinventory prior to the transferring of titleto a buyer. A decline in prices generatesprofits in the futures market on the shorthedge. The illustration below gives aclearer picture.An oil producer is afraid of a price decline. InAugust he plans that he will sell his August productionin September. His production is 1000 barrels aday for 25 days. The cash price in August is $20/barrel,and October futures are quoted in August at$20.10/barrel;He decides a hedging strategy. He sells 25 Octoberfutures (each contract is for 1000 barrels) representinghis August production of 25,000 barrels)at$20.10, which ‘locks in’ a value of his inventoryequivalent to $502,500($20.10/barrel*25000barrel) inAugust.Suppose he was correct in prediction and the priceof crude falls to $18 in the cash market on 15 th ofSeptember. Since the future price mirror cash pricevery closely, the price of futures will also fall and is$18/barrel on the same day. He sells his product inthe cash market to the refinery for a total of $450,000($18*25,000), or $50,000 less that what he wouldhave received in the cash market in August. However,the futures have also dropped and he also buysback his October futures contracts on 15 September(this offsets his position, he does not make delivery)for $18.Since he sold for the equivalent of $502,500 andbuys back at the equivalent of $450,000, the differenceof $52,500 is his gain in futures. The futuresgain of $52,500 offsets the cash market loss of$50,000, and the producer in effect protects the valueof his inventory at the August price.Now what if he was wrong and the cash pricerose? If on September 15, the cash price rose to$21 and the October futures rose to $21.10. His25,000barrels will realize him $525,000 in the cashmarket, or $25,000 more than he could have receivedin August. However, his futures have also risen to atotal value of $527,500($21.10*25,000). When hebuys back his contracts, he will realize a futures lossof $25,000 ($502,500- $527,500).So the futures loss of $25,000 must be taken intoconsideration with the extra cash profit of $25,000.He still get his anticipated August price. The shorthedge has protected the value of his inventory atabout $20, which met his expected selling price.The Long Hedge The long hedge is entered intoby a commodity user (buyer) to fix acquisition costsand in effect assure a certain profit margin.Eg. An ethanol producer,( ethanol is a corn-basedfuel additive) uses 1,000,000 bushels of corn to meetthe ethanol requirements for a major customer. It isApril, and July corn is quoted at $2.50/bushel onthe futures. By July depending on the weather andexports, the price of corn could be much higher orlower. The big customer wants to enter into a contractwith the producer for delivery at today’s pricein August.(this ethanol would be manufactured bythe producer in July).The producer knows that if the price of corn remainsat $2.50, he will make a gross profit of$50,000. His profit will be greater if corn prices fell,his break-even is at $2.7 corn, and if corn pricesrise above this level he would actually wipe out hisprofit margin and start to see red ink in his accounts.To keep his customer happy and loyal, and alsoto assure that his plant will continue to run at capacity,he enters into an agreement to deliver ethanolat today’s price in August to the big customer.Rather than take the risk of the marketplace, andrun the risk of potentially selling his product at aloss in August should corn prices rise, he forgoesthe gamble of a windfall profit (should corn pricesfall) and enters a long hedge in the futures market.He buys 1,000,000 bushels of July corn in thefutures on April 15. On this day he also enters intohis cash contract for delivery of ethanol in Augustto his customer. The price of July corn on 15 Aprilis $2.50. A drought develops and in July, when heneeds to go in to the cash market to produce themillion bushels, the price of corn has risen to $3.00both in the cash and futures. It has gone up by 50¢/bushel which is an additional cost to him, over andabove the April price, of $500,000(1,000,000 bushelstimes’ 50¢/bushel).However, the futures have also risen by 50 cents,and he sells his July futures contracts purchased for$2.50 at the prevailing price of $3.00. He thus realizesa futures gain of $500,000, exactly offsettingthe additional cash loss of $500,000. In this way heassured his $50,000 gross profit on the transaction.If he had not hedged he would have lost$450,000 on the cash contract instead of a profit of$50,000.Now, if weather was good and a large crop harvestedthe prices would have fallen, maybe to $2.20by 15 July. The ethanol producers cash corn cost inthis case would have been $300,000 less. Ifunhedged, and he had entered in to a cash contractfor ethanol at April price, he would have realized awindfall profit of $350,000 versus the $50,000 allother factors remaining equal. If hedged, he loses$300,000 on the futures transaction (a fall of 30cents/bushel times 1,000,000 bushels).But the ethanol manufacturer has made his decision.He is in to entering profitable contracts withclients. He is not in to speculation. He would gladlyforgo the chance of a ‘windfall’ to stayin business.But there are times when you needthe ‘windfall’ at least once in a whileas the normal profits you receive is lowand business is tough as in the case of‘farming business’.For the farmer if he can guaranteehimself a price floor, (for a worst casescenario in prices) while not constructinga price ceiling (which is what he isdoing with futures hedges) that wouldbe in his best interest. There are hardlyany opportunities for the farmer to reapwindfall profits, and he needs them tooffset the mediocre or worse than mediocreyears. For him options are thebest tool for hedging. He would exerciseit only if it is of benefit to him ashe has no obligation to offset an optionas is the case with futures. The premiumhe pays is just like an insurancepremium which would protect him ifthere is a fall in prices.Working of an Option A wheatfarmer buys a 120 day wheat put at a 950 strikeprice for 20 Rs/Quintal. He is in effect ‘locking in’a 930/Quintal selling price (950-20). His break-evenis 900 quintal.If the price falls to for example, 880 Rs/quintalat expiration, when his wheat is ready, he will loseRs.20 in the cash market (As his break even is 900quintal/bushel).However to offset this loss he can exercise hisoption which would be worth 950/quintal. (950-880=70; since he paid 20/quintal premium, in effecthe has a Rs.50 profit/ quintal in the option).Add the Rs.50 back to the Rs.880 he is getting theRs.930 ‘lock in’ price. Thus by paying a Rs.20 premiumhe is having the ability to avoid a catastrophicloss.Unlike futures, the advantage of the option isthat the upside is totally unlimited. That is if theprice of wheat rose, then he just let the option expireand reaps profit in the cash market by sellingat the prevailing cash price. For example, if theprice became 1000/quintal he has a Rs.50 profit perquintal (in effect Rs.30 as the Rs.20 premium isdeducted) and gets a windfall profit which wouldnot have been the case if he had used short futuresto hedge.

*****August 20101421st Century ManagementManagement has been around since the dawn of civilization.In primitive societies almost everyone hadto do physical labor. To escape this burden, aboutthe only choices were going into politics (kings) orreligion (priests).Civilized urban societies led to more specialization,created new vocational alternatives to manuallabor, and saw a tendency of those who did not workwith their hands to look down on those who did. Thisparticular attitude was fostered by scribes, who usedtheir knowledge of writing to produce literature thatmocked the illiterate laboring classes.When we read that the Pharaoh build the Pyramids,we know that in fact that actual work was doneby other people. As these laborers cut, moved, andplaced the stones, the first managers were there totell them what to do, to see that they did it, and tochastise those whose performance was unsatisfactoryḂasically, these were the functions of managersuntil the twentieth century. The apogee of this formof management was perhaps reached in late nineteenthin the factory system. One can still visit theBoott Cotton Mills Museum of in Lowell, Massachusettsto see how work and management were organizedthen.The Lowell mills were famous because insteadof relying on immigrants, they also recruited, hired,and provided dormitories for middle class youngwomen, selling the idea that employment and themoney it brought were socially acceptable and increasedtheir marital prospects. Today one can stillread the work rules that these women had to follow.One stated that only short sleeve dresses were permitted.This was because when the mill managerssaw employees talking instead of working, theywould strike them in the arm with a rattan. Longsleeveddresses impeded the effectiveness of this formof disciplinary action.The “hit them with a whip” school of managementsuffered a decline and fall in the 20th century,though remnants still exist in various places in theworld and the wish for such methods still is expressednow and then even by contemporary managers. Othermethods of managing workers received classical expressionin Frederick Taylor’s Scientific Managementin 1911. Taylorism led to new management tools involvingsuch techniques as measurement and statisticsẆhat might be called the “efficiency expert”school of management was for the most part supplantedaround the 1960s by a more “humanistic”approach, whose classical exponent was the psychologistAbraham Maslow. The changes in managementthinking in this decade reflected the more educatedworkforce and greater respect for democracythat grew out of World War II.In the 1970s Robert Greenleaf invented ServantLeadership, and in the 1990s Peter Block carried thisconcept forward to Stewardship. These ideas revolutionizedthe mental model for managers by suggestingthat they replace thinking about how to getpeople to do things with thinking about to help peopledo things.Best practice management concepts in the late20th century also included excellence and total qualitymanagement, reengineering, systems thinking,cross functional teams, empowerment, delayeringand flat organization charts, learning organization,dialogue, reinventing work, and diversity. As knowledgein general increased with “Internet speed,” managementthought, already heavily influenced by psychologicalsciences, received infusions from numerousdisciplines. Moreover, cross-fertilization betweenacademia and the business community created a vastincrease in management related research activity.Some of these trends – such as TQM andreengineering - seemed by 2000 to have run theircourse. The permanent value of the new thinking underlyingthem, however, should not be denied; and21st century versions of these movements shouldactually be welcomed.Others trends – such as learning and diversity –progressed to the point where “second generation”(learning organization) or “new” (diversity) versionsappeared. In the early 21st century, it was even easyto see the development of a “third wave” in thesewell-established concepts.Just as the 21st century has seen new types oforganizations and new ways of doing business arise,so, too, will there be new management trends, ideas,and techniques. While running after every trendy ideais hardly a recommendable strategy, the wise managerwill learn, study, and apply the best current thinkingȦt the start of the 21st century, the following rateto be the most important ideas regarding management:Management is for everyone. As educational levelsrise and information technology accelerates, thedistinction between “managers” and “workers” willfade away and management knowledge will beeveryone’s responsibility.Management is for learners. As information becomesthe chief product of every business and asknowledge continues to explode, everyone will be alearner and the manager’s foremost task will to promotelearning.Management is based on communicating. Astechniques for planning, strategizing, decision-making,and problem solving become the common provinceof everyone in the organization, the need forimproving communication will be paramount andmanagers will be increasingly using dialogue andother communication tools.Management is about change. As technology andinformation reshape all our lives, change managementwill be “business as usual” and managers willbe change agents who guide everyone to find andembrace the best new practices.Management is broad based. As boundaries disappearwithin organizations and in the world at large,the scope of management will grow and managerswill be organizational development experts, diversityexperts, facilitation experts, consultation experts– and much else.\nIp-Xn-]n-cnhv IqSp∂pkmº-ØnI DW¿hns‚ ^ew hy‡-am°n sIm≠v Kh¨sa‚n\p \nIpXn hcp-am\w IqSp-∂p. {]Xy£\nIp-Xn-I-fnepw ]tcm£ \nIp-Xn-I-fnepw h¿[\ ImWmw.G{]n¬-˛-Pq¨ H∂mw-]m-Z-Ønse {]Xy-£-\n-IpXn ]ncnhv 15.49 iX-am\w I≠v IqSn. Ign--h¿jwCtX kabw 3.65 iX-am\w hf¿®sb D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-f-fq. samØw ]ncnhv 59465 tImSn cq]-bn¬ \n∂v 68675tImSn-bm-bn.Iº\n \nIp-Xn-bn-emWv {][m- \-h-f¿® 21.6 iX-am-\w. 35709tImSn-bn¬ \n∂v 43439 tImSn-bn-te-°v.hy‡n-I-fpsS BZm-b-\n-IpXn]ncnhv 23780 tImSn-bn¬ \n∂v24075 tImSn cq]-bm-bn. skIyq-cn- ‰okv {Sm≥km-£≥ SmIvkv]ncnhv Xmtgm´p t]mbn. 1462 tImSn-bn¬ \n∂v 1094 tImSn-bn-te-°v. Hml-cn-hn-]-Wn-bn¬ hym]mchym]vXw Ipd--XmWv Imc-Ww.Cs°m√w {]Xy£ \nIp-Xn-bn-\-Øn¬ 4.3 e£w cq]-bmWv]ncn-°m≥ e£y-an-´n-´p-f- -f-Xv.Ign h¿jsØ ]pXp-°nb FÃn-ta-‰mb 3.9 e£-tØ-°mƒ 11 iX-am\w h¿[-\.H∂mw-]m-Z-Ønse ]ncnhv kqN\e£y-tØ-°mƒ IqSp-X¬]ncnhv In´pw F∂m-Wv. [\-a{¥n{]W_v apJ¿Pn CubnsS\nIpXn DtZym-K-ÿ-tcmSv e£y-tØ-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ ]ncn-°m≥ Blzm\w sNbvXn-cp∂p.]tcm-£-\n-IpXn ]ncn-hnepwanI® hf¿®-bp-≠v. H∂mw]mZ-Ønse ]ncnhv 43 iX-am\wh¿[n-®p. 39694 tImSn-bn¬\n∂v 56930 tImSn cq]-bn-te-°v. Ign--h¿jw BZy-]m-Z-Øn¬29 iX-am\w Ipd ÿm\-Øm-Wn-Xv. Cd-°p-a-Xn-bpw, cmPysØ D¬]m-Z- -\hpw KWy-ambn h¿[n-°p∂pF∂mWv \nIpXn hf¿® ImWn-°p-∂-Xv.IÃwkv Uyq´n 17557 tImSn-bn¬ \n∂v 60 iX-am\w h¿[n®v 28135 tImSn cq-]-bm-bn. FIvsskkv Xocph12601 tImSn-bn¬ \n∂v 55 iX-am\w IqSn 19536 tImSn cq]-bm-bn. F∂m¬ tkh-\-\n-IpXn ]ncnhv Aev]wIpd-p. 9536 tImSn-bn¬ \n∂v 9259 tImSn-bn-te-°v.]tcm-£-\n-IpXn ]ncn-hn¬ henb hf¿® _P-‰n¬ {]Xo-£n-®n-´p-f-f-Xm-Wv. 2009˛10˛se ]pXp-°nb {]Xo-£-bmb 2.5 e£w tImSn-°p-]-Icw 3.16e£w tImSn cq]-bmWv _P‰v e£yw. IÃwkv 84477 tImSn-bn¬\n∂v 115000 tImSn-bpw, FIvsskkv Uyq´n 102000 tImSn-bn¬ \n∂v 132000 tImSn-bp-am-IWw . tkh-\-\n-IpXn 58000 tImSn-bn¬ \n∂v 68000 tImSn-bm-°m-\mWv e£y-an-Sp-∂-Xv.BZy-]mZ IW-°p-Iƒ e£yw t\Sm≥ Ah-k-c- -ap-≠mIpw F∂ kqN-\-bmWv \evIp-∂-Xv.\nIp-Xn-]n-cnhv e£y-sa-Øp-∂-]£w Cs°m√w _P‰v IΩn-bn¬ Ipd-hp-≠m-Ipw. {Xo˛Pn kvs]Iv{Swhnev]\ hgn {]Xo-£-bpsS Cc-´n-bn-tesd ]Ww e`n-®Xpw IΩn-Ip-d-bv°p∂ LS-I-am-Wv.C¥y-bpsS ISw261 _ney¨tUmf¿Ign am¿®nse \ne-h®v C¥y-bpsS hntZ-i-ISw261 _ney¨ tUmf¿. Xte-h¿j-tØ-°mƒ 16.5 iXam\wIqSp-X¬. AtX-k-abw C¥y-bpsS ssIbn-epffhntZ-i-\mWyw 279 _ney¨ tUmf¿.kzImcy Iº-\n-I-fpsS IShpw hntZi C¥y-°m¿C¥y≥ _mp-I-fn¬ \nt£-]n® ]Whpw Dƒs∏-sSbmWvCXv. samØw IS-Øns‚ \men-sem∂v (25.7-i-X-am-\w) am{Xsa Kh¨sa‚ns‚ IS-ap-f-fp. F≥-B¿sF \nt£-]-߃ 18.4 iX-am\w (48.1 _ney¨tUmf¿) hcpw. Iº-\n-Iƒ FSpØ ISw samØ-Xns‚27.2 iX-am-\- -ap-≠v.samØw IS-Øn¬ 79.9 iX-am\w Zo¿L-Im-e-I-S-hpw,20.1 iX-am\w {lkz-Ime IS-hp-am-Wv.

14August 2010amkhpw Cc-´-b° hf¿® \ne-\n¿Øm≥ km[n-®p.sshZypXn Hgn-sI-bp-ff F√m taJ-e-I-fnepw hf¿®Ipd-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ap≥h¿jw tabv amk-Ønsehymh-km-bn-tIm-Xv]m-Z\ hf¿® 2.1 iX-am-\-am-b-cp-∂p.am\p-^m-IvN-dnwKv taJ-e-bpsS hf¿® 12.3 iX-am-\-am-Wv (ap≥h¿jw 1. 8 iX-am-\w). ssa\nwKv 8.7 iXam-\hpwsshZypXn 6.4 iX-am-\hpw Im∏n-‰¬ KpUvkv34.3 iX-am-\hpw I¨kyq-a¿ KpUvkv 23. 7 iX-am-\hpw hf¿® t\Sn. Im∏n-‰¬ KpUvkv 72.8 iX-am-\hpwI¨kyq-a¿ KpUvkv 37 iX-am-\hpw hf¿® G{]n-en¬t\Sn-bn-cp-∂p. \S-∏p-h¿jw 8.5 iX-am\w Pn Un ]nhf¿®-bmWv {]Xo-£n-°p-∂-Xv. 2009-˛10-˛¬ 7.4 iX-am-\-am-bn-cp∂p hf¿®. hyhm-kmb hf¿® Ipd-p-sh-nepw CXv Ct∏mgpw anI-®-Xm-sW∂v [\-Imcy sk{I-´dn AtimIv Nuf A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. 15-˛16 iX-am\whf¿® \ne-\n-ev°p-I km[y-a-s√-∂mWv {Ikn¬ C°tWm-anÃvUn sI tPmjn-bpsS A`n-{]m-bw. AXn-\m¬hyh-km-bn-tIm-Xv]m-Z\ hf¿®-sb-°p-dn®v Bi--Isfm∂pwths≠.C¥y≥ Ib-‰p-aXn PqWn¬ 30 iX-am\w h¿[-\-tbmsS 1775 tImSn tUmf-dn-se-Øn. XpS¿®-bmb F´masØamk-amWv b‰p-aXn Cc-´-b° hf¿® ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. Cd-°p-aXn 23 iX-am\w h¿[-\-tbmsS 2830tImSn tUmf-dm-Wv. hym]m-c-IΩn 1055 tImSn tUmfdm-bn.G{]n¬˛ Pp¨ hym]m-c-IΩn 3220 tImSn tUmfdmbn.Cu Ime-b-f-hnse Ib-‰p-aXn 32 iX-am\w h¿[-\-tbmsS 5080 tImSn tUmf-dn-se-Øn. \S-∏p-h¿jw 15iX-am\w Ib-‰p-aXn hf¿®-bmWv e£y-an-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ign h¿jw 4.7 iX-am\w CS-hmWv Ib-‰p-a-Xnbn-ep-≠m-b-Xv.C¥ysb G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ Bi--s∏-Sp-Øp∂\mWy-s∏-cp∏w Ipd-bp∂ e£-W-߃ ImWn®p XpSßn-bn-´p-≠v.PqWn¬ \mWy-s∏-cp∏w 10.55 iX-am-\-ambnDb¿∂p. tabvam-k-Øn-enXv 10.16 iX-am-\-tØ°mƒt\cnb Db¿®tb D≠m-bn-´p-ffp. s]mXp-th {]Xo-£n-®n-cp-∂Xv 10.8 iX-am-\-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬G{]nense \mWy-s∏-cp∏w 11.23 iX-am-\-ambn]pXp°n \n›-bn-®p. t\c-sØ-bnXv 9.59 iX-am-\-ambn-cp-∂p.anI® a¨kq¨ \mWy-s∏-cp∏w Ipd-bv°psa∂vKh-s◊‚ v {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p. `£y-\m-Wy-s∏cp∏wPqsse aq∂n\v Ah-km-\n® hmc-Øn¬ 12.81iX-am-\hw C‘\ hne°b‰w 14.27 iX-am-\-hp-am-Wv. ap≥hm-c-Øn-enXv bmYm-{Iaw 12.63 iX-am-\hpw18.02 iX-am-\-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p.Pqsse ]Øn\v Ah-km-\n® hmc-Øn¬ `£y-\m-Wy-s∏-cp∏w 12.47 % iX-am-\-ambn Xmgv∂n´p-≠v. ap≥hmc-Øn-enXv12.81 iX-am-\-am-bn-cp-∂p. s]t{Sm-fnbw DXv]-∂-ß-fpsS hne Db¿Øn-b-Xns‚ BLmXw GXm≠vAh-km-\n® a´m-Wv. C‘-\-hne kqNn-Ibpw Cu hmc-Øn¬ am‰-an-√msX XpS-cp-I-bm-Wv. 14.27 iX-am-\-amWvC‘-\-hn-e-kq-Nn-I-bnse Db¿®. Unkw-_tdmsSC¥y-bpsS \mWy-s∏-cp∏w 5˛6 iX-am-\-Øn-\n-S-bn-embn-cn-°p-sa-∂mWvIm_n-\‰v sk{I-´dn sI Fw N{µti-J-c≥Ign Znhkw Adn-bn-®-Xv.a¨kq¨ ]ptcm-K-an-°p-∂Xpw hn]-Wn°v D’ml-am-bn.Pqsse 21 hsc e`n® ag Zo¿LIm-e-i-cmi-cn-bpsS14 iX-am\w Ipd-hm-Wv. ap≥hm-c-Øn-enXv24 iX-am-\-am-bn-cp-∂p. Icn-ºv, s\√v XpS-ßnbhf¿Øp∂ DØ-tc-¥y-bnse kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬Bh-iy-Øn\v ag e`n-®Xv Ch-bpsS DXv]m-Z\w sa®s∏-Sp-Øp-sa∂v{]Xo£ Db¿∂n-´p-≠v. a¨kq-Wns‚ H®n-g-bp∂ hn[-Øn-ep-ff apt∂‰w C¥y≥Im¿jn-I-tPm-en-Isf CXp-hsc _m[n-®n-´n-s√∂vImc¿jn-I-a-{¥mebw Adn-bn-®p. s\√v, Icn-ºv,tkmbm-_o≥ XpS-ßnbh Irjn sNbp∂ taJ-e-Isf ag-°p-dhv _m[n-®n-´n-s√∂pw a{¥m-ebw Iq´nt®¿°p-∂p.ag-Ip-d-mepw AXv Jmcn^v hnfhns\Imcy-ambn _m[n-°p-I-bn-s√∂v Irjn a{¥nicZv ]h¿ hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p≠v. ap≥h¿j-tØ-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ ÿeØv Irjn tPmen-Iƒ ]ptcm-K-an®p hcn-I-bm-Wn-t∏mƒ.DZm-c-h-XvI-cW kmº-Øn-I-]-cn-jvIm-c-߃XpScphm≥ Kh-s◊‚ v {]Xn-⁄m-_-≤-am-sW∂v{]Jym-]n-®p-sIm≠v s]t{Sm-fns\ hne \nb-{¥-W-Øn¬ \o°n. Uok-en-t‚bpw asÆ-Æ-bp-tSbpw F¬]n Pnbp-tSbpw hnebpw h¿[n-∏n-®p. Uok-ens‚ hne\nb-{¥Ww `mhn-bn¬ FSp-Øp-I-f-bp-hm≥ Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xmbpw Kh-◊-sa‚ v hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. s]t{Smƒhne \nb-{¥Ww \o°n-bXv Xo¿®-bmbpw Zqc-hym-]-Iamb^ew C¥y≥ kº-ZvL-S-\-bn¬ D≠m-°pw. [\-IΩn {]Xo-£n-°p-∂-Xnepw thKw Xs∂ A`n-Im-ayhn]-WnDb-c-ßfn¬Pqsse-bn¬ C¥y≥ hn]-Wn 29 amksØ G‰hpwDb-c-Øn¬ FØn-bn-cn-°-I-bm-Wv. hntZ-i-\n-t£-]-Iÿm-]-\-ß-fpsSi‡-amb hmßepw Iº-\n-Iƒ ]pd-Øp-hn´ i‡-amb BZy-Izm¿´¿ ^e-ß-fp-amWv hn]-Wnsb Db-c-ß-fn-tebv°v Xf-fn-hn-Sp-∂-Xv. C¥y≥ hn]-Wn-bpsS apJy _©v am¿°pI-fnsem∂mbsk≥skIvkv kqNnI Pqsse 23-˛\v 18130.98t]mbn‚n¬ Ivtfmkv sNbvXn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. 2008s^{_p-hcn Bdn-\p-tijw BZy-am-bmWv C{X-bpwDb¿∂ \ne-bn¬ sk≥skIvkv Ivtfmkv sNøp-∂-Xv.as‰mcp _©vam¿°mb \n^v‰n kqNnI 5477.0t]mbn‚ v hsc Db¿∂-tijw 5449.10 t]mbn‚n¬Ivtfmkv sNbvXn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. 2008 s^{_p-hcnA©n\v tijw BZy-am-bmWv \n^v‰n Cu Xe-Øn¬Ivtfmkv sNøp-∂-Xv.hntZ-i-\n-t£-c-I-ÿm-]-\-ß-fpsS \nt£-]-amWvhn]-Wn°v XpW-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. C¥y-bpsS kmº-Øn-I-h-f¿® ÿnc-X-bm¿Pn-®Xv hntZ-i-\n-t£-]-Iÿm-]-\ßsfC¥y≥ Hml-cn-I-fn-tebv°v BI¿jn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Pqssebn¬ Ah-cpsS \nt£]w 9589tImSn cq]-bn-se-Øn-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. PqWn¬ 10244.60tImSn cq]-bpsS s\‰v \nt£-]-amWv \S-Øn-b-Xv. CuIe-≠¿ h¿j-Øn¬ CXp-hsc hntZ-i-\n-t£-]-I-ÿm-]-\ß-fpsS \nt£]w 41818 tImSn cq]-bmbn Db¿∂p.Hmlcn hn]-Wn-bn¬ am{X-a√, t\cn-´p-ff hntZ-i-\nt£-]hpwh¿[n-°p-I-bm-Wv. 2009-˛¬ t\cn-´p-ff hntZi-\n-t£-]-Øn\vtemI-Ønse G‰hpw BI¿j-IambHº-Xm-asØ cmPy-amWv C¥y-sb∂v C°-gnZnhkw bp F≥ ]pd-Øp-hn´ thƒUv C≥sh-Ãvsa‚ vdnt∏m¿´v ˛2010-˛ dnt∏m¿´n¬ ]d-n-cn-°p-∂p.2009-˛¬3461 tImSn tUmf-dmWv t\cn-´p-ff hntZ-i-\n-t£-]-amWv C¥y-bn-se-Øn-b-Xv.hntZ-i-\n-t£-]-I-ÿm-]-\-ßsf BI¿jn-°p-∂XvC¥y-bpsS kmº-Øn-I-h-f¿®bpw Iº-\n-I-fpsS i‡-amb {]h¿Ø-\-^-e-ß-fp-am-Wv. CXp-hsc ^e-߃]pd-Øp-hn´ 339 Iº-\n-I-fpsS A‰m-Zmbw ap≥h¿jwBZy-Izm¿´-dn-t-°mƒ 25.5 iX-am-\hpw hn‰p-h-chv 17.8iX-am-\hpw hf¿® ImWn-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. {]apJIº-\n-I-fpsS ^e-߃ ASp-Ø-bm-gvN-I-fn¬ FØp-∂-tXmsS Nn{Xw hy‡-am-Ipw.kº-ZvL-S-\-bn¬\n-∂p-ff hm¿Ø-Iƒ anI-®-Xm-Wv. \S-∏p-h¿jw Pn Un ]n hf¿® 8.5 iX-am-\-am-Ipsa-∂mWvkn cwK-cm-P≥ sNb¿am-\m-bp-ff {][m-\-a-{¥n-bpsS C-°-tWm-anIv AssUz-kdn ]m\¬ G‰hpwAh-km\w \S-Ønb hne-bn-cp-Ø-en¬ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´-Xv. \S-∏p-h¿jw Im¿jnI hf¿® 4.5 iX-am-\-ambnDb-cp-sa-∂mWv ]m\-ens‚ hne-bn-cp-ج. \mWy-s∏cp∏w2011 am¿t®msS 6.5 iX-am-\-ambn Ipd-bp-sa∂pwC¥y-bn-te-bv°p-ff aqe-[-\-sam-gp°v 7500 tImSntUmf-dmbn Db-cp-sa∂pw ]m\¬ hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂p.\mWy-s∏-cp∏w h¿jm-h-km-\-tØmsS 5˛6 iX-am-\-Øn-tebv°p Xmgp-sa∂pw Pn Un ]n hf¿® \S-∏ph¿jw8.5 iX-am-\-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw [\-a{¥n Bflhn-izmkw{]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p.\S-∏p-h¿j-Øns‚ BZy Izm¿´-dn¬ Pn Un ]nhf¿®- 9 iX-am\ambn-cn-°p-sa∂v Bkq-{X-W-°-Ωojs‚{]n≥kn-∏¬ F\¿Pn AssUz-k¿ {]sWm_vsk≥ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´p. C¥y-bpsS ap≥ Ãm‰n-Ão-jy≥IqSn-bm-bn-cp∂p sk≥. kº-ZvL-S\ i‡-amb Xncn-®p-h-c-hn-em-Wv. 2008-˛09-˛¬ 6.7 iX-am\w hf¿®-bntebv°vXmgv∂ C¥y≥ kº-ZvL-S\ C°-gnh¿jw 7.4 iX-am-\-Øn-tebv°v Xncn®p h∂p. \S-∏ph¿jw8.5 iX-am\w hf¿® {]Xo-£n-°p∂p. hymhkm-bnIhf¿® F´p amk-ambn Cc-´-b° hf¿® t\Sp-I-bm-Wv. am\p-^m-IvN-dnwKv taJ-e-bpsS anI® {]I-S-\-amWv CXn\p Imc-Ww. F∂m¬ hymh-km-bn-tIm-Xv]m-Z\w \S∏p h¿jw apgp-h≥ Cc-´-b-°-Øn¬\oßm-\n-S-bn-√. hymh-km-bn-tIm-Xv]m-Z\ hf¿® \S-∏p-h¿jw 9 iX-am-\-Øn\p Np‰-f-hn-em-bn-cn-°pw. \mWys∏-cp∏w11 iX-am\w IS-°m-\n-S-bn-s√∂pw At±-l-Øns‚ A`n-{-]m-b]s∏Sp-∂p.[\-Im-cy-a{-{¥m-e-b-Øns‚ apJy [\-Imcy D]-tZ-jvSmhv IuinIv _kphns‚ A`n-{]m-bhpw hyXykvX-a-√.At±-lhpw BZy-Izm¿´-dn¬ 9 iX-am\whf¿®-bmWv {]Xo-£n-°p-∂-Xv. \S-∏p-h¿jw F´ciX-am-\-Øn-e-[nIw hf¿®bpw. Cu amkm-h-km-\-tØmsS `£y-hn-e-kq-Nn-I-bn¬ Ipdhp hcp-sa∂pwh¿jm-h-km-\-tØmsS \mWy- -s∏-cp∏w 5 iX-am-\-Øntebv°vXmgp-sa-∂p-amWv At±-l-Øns‚ hn-e-bn-cp-ج. \S-∏p-h¿jw [\-IΩn {]Xo-£n-°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ Ipd-hm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw At±lw ]d-bp-∂p. {XnPn kvs]Iv{Sw teew hgn {]Xo-£n-®-Xn-t\-°mƒDb¿∂ XpI e`n-®Xpw s]t{Smƒ hne h¿[n-∏n-®-XpamWvImc-Ww. \S-∏p-h¿jw Pn Un ]nbpsS 5.5 iXam\w[-\-I-Ωn-bmWv _P-‰n¬ IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv.C¥y≥ hf¿® 2010-˛¬ 9.5 iX-am-\-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂vt\csØ sF Fw F^v A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂p.Gjy≥ hnI-k\ _mv 2010-˛se C¥y≥ hf¿® 8.2iX-am-\-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂p. Ign{]mh-iysØ Ah-tem-I-\-Ønepw CXp-X-s∂-bmWvAh¿ IW-°m-°p∂ hf¿® AXn¬ am‰w hcp-Ønbn-´n-√.ÿnc-X, hf¿®m Ncn{Xw XpS-ßnbh IW-°n-se-Sp-Øm¬ C∂v temIØv G‰hpw thKw hf-cp∂ cmPywC¥y-bm-sW∂v _n F≥ ]n ]cn-_mkv ( t\m¿ØvHmlcn hn]WntPmbn ^nen∏vAta-cn-°) No^v C°-tWm-anÃv {_nbm≥ ^m{_nA`n-{]m-b-s∏-´p. Hcp ]t£ G‰hpw anI® hf¿®cmPyhpw C¥y-bm-sW∂v At±lw Iq´n-t®¿°p-∂p.C¥y≥ kmº-Øn-I-h-f¿® 2010-˛11-˛¬ Xzcn-X-s∏-Sp-sa∂v Gjy≥ C°-tWm-an-Ãp-I-fpsS CS-bn¬ tdmbn-´¿ \S-Ønb k¿th-bn¬ ]d-bp-∂p. \S-∏p-h¿jw 8.4iX-am-\hpw ASpØ h¿jw 8.5 iX-am\w hf¿®-bpamWvAh¿ IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv. 2099-˛10-˛¬ hf¿® 7.4iX-am-\-am-bn-cp-∂p. \mWy-s∏-cp-∏-Øns‚ kΩ¿±whfsc i‡-am-sW∂pw k¿th-bn¬ C°-tWm-an-Ãp-Iƒ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´p. anI® a¨kq¨ Im¿jn-tIm-Xv]m-Z\w h¿[n-∏n-°p-sa∂pw AXv \mWy- -s∏-cp∏kΩ¿±w Ipd-bv°p-sa∂pw Ah¿ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.\mWy-s∏-cp∏w \S-∏p-h¿jw 8.6 iX-am-\-am-bn-cn-°psa-∂mWvAh-cpsS hne-bn-cp-ج. XpS¿∂p-ff h¿jwAXv 5.5 iX-am-\-Øn-tebv°v Xmgpw.BtKm-f-km-º-ØnI {]iv\-߃ Imcy-ambnC¥ysb _m[n-°p-I-bn-s√∂v aIz-bdn Im∏n-‰¬FIvkn-Iyq-´ohv Ub-d-IvS¿ ssa°nƒ Imcm-]n‰v A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. ImcWw C¥y≥ kº-ZvL-S-\-bpsSbpwC¥y-≥ Iº-\n-I-fp-tSbpw hf¿®-bpsS \s√mcp ]vC¥y-bpsS A`y-¥c D]-t`mKw sIm≠mWv F∂-Xp-X-s∂. C¥y≥ kº-ZvL-S-\bpw Iº-\n-Ifpw 7˛8 iXam\whf¿®-bmWv t\Sp-hm≥ t]mIp-∂-Xv. AXv FhnsS-bm-bmepwtamiamb Imcy-a-√-t√m.C¥y-bpsS kmº-Øn-I-h-f¿® Xma-kn-bmsXssN\-bvs°m-∏-am-Ip-sa∂v C‚¿\m-jW¬ tamWn-´dn^≠v amt\-PnwKv Ub-d-IvS¿ sUman-\n°v kvt{SmkvJm≥ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´p. C¥y-bnse \mWy- -s∏-cp∏w{]tXy-In®pw `£y-h-kvXp-°-fpsS hne h¿[\ Bi--bp-W¿Øp-∂-Xm-sW∂pw At±lw ]d-p. Cu kml-N-cy-ØnepwC¥y \∂mbn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-sh∂vAt±lw Iq´n-t®¿°p-∂p.tabvam-k-Ønse hymb-h-km-bn-tIm-Xv]m-Z\ hf¿®11.5 iX-am-\-ambn CSn-p. G{]n-en¬ 16.52 iX-am-\-am-bn-cp∂p hf¿®. Fnepw XpS¿®-bmb F´mwtijw t]Pv 16

18August 2010\n-b-{¥n-X- hn-e-Iƒ-(Administered Prices)\n-b-{¥n-X- hn-e-Iƒ- A-Y-hm- Administered Prices F-∂m¬- k¿-°m-tcm,- s]m-Xp-kwhn-[m-\-ta-m-A-s√-n¬- kz-Im-cy- G-P≥-kn-tbm- \-S-Øp-∂- hn-e-\n¿-W-bw- B-Wv.I-tº-m-f I-fn-°m-cm-b- D-ev-]m-Z-I-t\m D-]-t`m-‡m-hn-t\m- I-tºm-f- i-‡n-bm-b- B-hiy-Øn-t\m-(Un-am≥Uv)- N-c-°p- h-c-h-n-t\m- (k-ssπ)- Ah-sc- N-en-∏n-°p-∂- em-t`-—-t°m- (tIm-kv-‰v- B≥Uvv- t{]m-^n-‰v)- Xrjv-W-i-a-\-Øn-t\m- (satisfaction utility) Cuhn-e-\n¿-W-b-Øn¬- Im-cy-am-b- ]-n-√.- C-Xn-\v- ap-I-fn¬- k¿-°m-tcm- a-‰m-cm-t\m- hne-\n¿-W-bn-°p-∂p.-I-tºm-f- ]-m-fn-I-ƒ- C-Xv- kzo-I-cn-®p-sIm-≈-Ww.- A-s√-n¬- X-S-hv- (C-¥y-b-n¬),- ssI-sh-´¬- (ku-Zn-bn¬),- h-[-in-£- (d-jy-bn-ep-w- ssN\bn-epw-)-h-sc- A-\p-`-hn-°pI.-Iym-∏n-‰-en-k-Øn-epw- tkm-jy-en-k-Øn-epw- am¿-°-‰n-s‚- A-[oi-Xz-sØ- F-√mh-cpw-Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂p.- am¿-°-‰v- F-∂m¬ D¬-]m-Z-I-\pw- D-]-t`m-‡m-hpw- X-Ωn¬-\-S-°p-∂- ssI-am-‰-am-Wv.- ]-≠n-Xv- Iq-Sp-X-epw- am¿-°-‰v- AY-hm- "N-¥'- F-∂- s]m-Xpÿ-e-Øp-sh-®v.-C-∂v- C‚¿-s\-‰p-h-g-n-bpw- ssk-_¿-tee-w- h-gn-bpw- I-ºyq-´¿- kv-{Io-\p-I-fn-eq-sS-bpw- ssI-am-‰-߃- \-S-°p-∂p.- F-n-epw- C-∂pw- e-£-°-W-°n-\v- km-£m¬ N-¥-Iƒ- h-gn-bm-Wv- \-Ωp-sS- `q-an-bn-se- 80 i-X-am-\w- k-m-[-\-tk-h-\- ssIam-‰-߃-\-S-°p-∂-Xv.- C-hn-sS- G-Xv- N-¥-bm-bm-epw- hm-ßp-∂-h-\pw- hn¬-°p-∂-h-\pw- X-Ωn¬- ]-c-kv-]-c-[m-c-W-bn¬- F-Øn-bm¬- ssI-am-‰w- \-S-°pw.- Cu- ]-c-kv-]-c-[m-c-W-bm-Wv- hn-e.- hne H-Øm-se- ssI-am-‰w- D-≠m-Iq.-F-ßn-s\-bm-Wv- hn-e-bn¬- [m-c-W-b-m-hp-I.- D-]-t`m-‡m-hn-s‚- B-h-iy-hpw- D¬-]m-Z-I-s‚- D¬-]m-Zhn-em-[n-jv-Tn-X-am-b- em-`-hpw- B-Wv- C-Xv- \n-b-{¥n-°p-∂-Xv.- H-cp-N-¥-bn¬- N-c-°p-h-c-hv- \n-b-{¥n-°p-∂-Xv- B- N-¥-bn-se- B-h-iy-°m-cpw- A-h¿- sIm-Sp-°m≥- X-øm-dm-°p-∂- hn-e-bpw,- D-ev-]m-Z-I-\v- F-{X- em-`-I-c-am-bn- Cu- N-c-°v- F-Øn-°m≥- I-gn-bpw- F-∂- Im-cy-hp-am-Wv.- em-`-I-c-am-bn- N-c-°v- hn-‰v- t]m-Ip-∂n-S-tØm-fw-N-c-°v- B- N-¥-bn¬- F-Øn-s°m-t≠-bn-cn-°pw.- tem-I-Øn-s‚- G-Xv- tIm-Wn¬- \n-∂pw- F-∂m¬- D-]-t`m-‡m-hn-s\- kw-_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-fw- A-h≥- \¬-Ip-∂- hn-e-°-sIm-≠m-Wv- k¿-°-m¿- C-S-s]-´v- hn-e- \n-b-{¥-n-°p-∂-Xv.- C-Ø-cw- kw-hn-[m-\-߃- F-√m- cm-Py-ß-fn-epw- F-√m- Im-e-ß-fnepw- \n-e-\n-∂n-cp-∂p.- P-\-\-∑-sb-bpw- P-\-tcm-jsØbpw-`-b-∂v.-C-¥y-b-n¬- Cu- A-Sp-Ø-Im-ew- h-sc- G-Xm-≠v- F-√m- ta-J-e-I-fn-epw- k¿-°m¿-hn-e- \n¿-W-b-ap-≠m-b-n-cp-∂p.- K-h¨-sa‚ v- t\-cn-t´m,- ]-tcm-£-am-tbm- hn-e- \n-iv-Nbn-®n-cp-∂p.-`-£y-h-kv-Xp-°ƒ,- kn-a‚ v,- kv-‰o¬,- cm-k-h-kv-Xp-°ƒ,- s]-t{Sm-fn-bw- D¬-]-∂-߃,- A-Xym-h-iy-a-cp-∂p-Iƒ,- hm¿-Øm-hn-\n-a-bw,- hn-Zyp-—-‡n,- k-©m-cw,- _m-nw-Kv,- C≥-jz-d≥-kv-,- B-tcm-K-yw,- hn-Zym-`ym-kw F-∂n-ß-s\- Po-hn-X-Øn-s‚- k-a-kv-X taJ-e-I-sf-bpw- Cu- kw-hn-[-m-\w- I-ø-S-°n.- kw-`-c-W-hn-e-,- hn¬-]-\-hn-e,- d-o-s´≥j≥-hn-e,-ko-enw-Kv- hn-e- F-s∂m-s°-bp-≈- t]-cp-I-fn-e-m-bn-cp-∂p- Cu- hn-e- \n¿-Wb-kw-hn-[m-\-߃.-C-Ø-cw- hn-e- \n¿-W-b-Øn-s‚- {]-[m-\-tZm-jw- c≠p-h-n-[-Øn-em-Wv.-D¬-]m-Z-I-\v- Iq-Sp-X¬- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°m≥- Xm¬-]-cy-an-√.- {]-tX-y-In-®v- am¿-°-‰n-¬-[-\-im-kv-{Xw-A-dn-bp-I- 17tUm.- ]n.-sI.- G-{_-lmw\p-k-cn-®v- aq-ey-hpw- {]-tbm-P-\-hpw- (Value and utility)-e-`n-°p-∂-n-S-tØm-fw- hm-߬-\-S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw.- [-\-im-kv-{X-⁄-∑m¿- C-Xn-s\- MC=MU=P A-Y-hm- MarginalCost=Marginal Utility=Price F-∂- kq-{X-hm-Iy-Øn¬- ]-d-bp-∂p. C-Xn≥-Xm-sg- hn¬-]-\-bpw- hm-ß-epw- H-cp- kz-X-{¥- a-’-cm-[n-jv-Tn-X-am-b- I-tºm-f-Øn¬-(Free competitive market)- \-S-°n-√.- C-hn-sS-bm-Wv- am¿-°-‰v- ÿn-c-X- A-Y-hmam¿-°-‰v-Market Equillibrium.F-∂-m¬- A-Xym-h-iy-km-[-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw- tk-h-\-ß-f-p-sS-bpw- Im-cy-Øn¬- F-¥p-kw-`-hn-°p-∂p.- {]-tXy-In-®v- C-h-bn¬- £m-a-hpw- Ip-Ø-I-I-fp-w- D-s≠-n¬.- N-c-°v- Ip-d-hv,- B-h-iy-°m¿- A-[n-Iw-.- Ir-{Xn-a-am-bn-t∏m-epw- £m-aw- D-≠m-°mw.- N-c-°v-D¬-]m-Z-\w- \n-b-{¥n-°mw.- H-s∏-Iv- (s]-t{Sm-fn-bw- I-b-‰p-a-Xn-°m-cp-sS- kw-L-S-\)- C-Xp-h-gn-bm-Wv- {Iq-Uv- hn-e- \n-b-{¥n-°p-∂-Xv.- A-t∏mƒ- A[n-Iw- hn-e- In-´pw.- D-]-t`m-‡m-hn-s\- ]n-gn-bmw.- Nq-j-Ww- sN-ømw.- P-\w- h-e-bpw-;- A-Xn-s‚- aq¿-[-\y-Øn¬- I-em-]-߃- D-≠m-Ipw.- C-hn-sS-bm-Wv- K-h-¨-sa‚pw- s]m-Xp-`-c-W-hpw- k-aq-l-hpw- C-Ss]-Sp-∂-Xv.-]-e-hn-[-Øn-ep-≈- \n-b-{¥-W-߃- am¿-°-‰n¬- sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂p.- hn-e-bnepw-N-c-°v- sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn-ep-am-Wv- C-Xv- {]-[-m-\w-.- Nn-e-t∏mƒ- s]-m-Xp-P-\m-`n-{]mbw-`-b-∂v- D¬-]m-Z-I¿- hn-e- \nb-{¥n-°p-∂p.- A-s√-n¬- Un-am≥-Uv-{Km-^n-s‚- t{]-c-W.- ]-t£- ]-e-t∏m-gpw- em-t`-—-bpw- B¿-Øn-bpw- C-Xn-\v- ap-I-fn-em-b-n-cn-°pw.- A-Xp-\mt\m HmSn®v Sm‰m apt∂dnHcp ""\mt\m'' {]Xn-`m-kw. C¥y-bnse c≠m-asØ henb bm{Xm-hm-l\ Iº-\n-bmbn Sm‰m tamt´mgvkv Db¿∂p. lyq≠mbn Xmtgm´p \oßn. Pq¨ amksØIY-bm-Wn-Xv. Cu PqWn¬ Sm‰m hn‰Xv 27811 bm{Xm hml-\-߃. lyq≠m-bn°vkm[n-®Xv 27366.Sm‰m tamt´mgvkv Xte PqWn¬ 17039 hml-\-ßsf hn‰n-cp-∂p-f-fp. CØ-hW63.2 iX-am\w hf¿®. CXn\v \mt\m am{X-a√ hgn-sX-fn-®-Xv. C≥Un-tKmbpw klmbn-®p.£-m-a-ap-s≠-n¬.- Im-c-Ww- A-[n-I- hn-e- CuSm-°m≥- ]-‰n-√.- A-t∏mƒ- Zu-¿-e-`yw-IqSpw.- D-]-t`m-‡m-hv- Iq-Sp-X¬- hn-e- \¬-Im≥- X-øm-dm-Ipw.- F-ß-s\-bpw- Ip-d-®v- ]-©-km-c,- kn-a‚ v,- Nm-°-cn- th-Ww.- I-®-h-S-°m-c-\v- A-[n-I-hn-e-bv-°v- hm-ßm-t\mhn¬-°m-t\m-]-‰n-√.- Im-c-Ww- k¿-°m¿- hn-e- \n-b-{¥n-®n-c-n-°p-∂p.- C-hn-sS-bm-Wv-A-gn-a-Xn-bpw,- ]q-gv-Øn-sh-∏pw- I-cn-©-¥-bp-w- Iq-Sp-X¬- £-m-a-hpw- D-≠m-°p-∂-Xv.- tkmhn-b-‰v-bq-Wn-b-\n-epw- ssN-\-bn-epw- C-¥y-bnep-sam-s°- C-cp-]-Xmw- \q-‰m-≠n-s‚- A-h-km-\w- h-sc- C-Xm-bn-cp-∂p- ÿn-Xn.- Cu- kw-hn-[-m-\w- C-t∏mƒ- ap-gp-h-\m-bn-Øs∂-a-mdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.- C-Xn¬- G-‰-hpw- H-Sp-hn-e-sØ-Xm-Wv- s]-t{Smƒ- hn-e-bn¬-\n-b-{¥-Ww- k¿-°m¿- F-Sp-Øp-I-f--Xv.-C-¥y-b-n¬- C-Xp-h-sc-bpw- a-‰p- ]-e-ta-J-e-I-fn-epw- t]m-se- ""F-]n-Fw-'- A-Y-hmk¿-°m¿-hn-e-\n¿-W-bw- (Admonistered Pricing Mechanism) B-bn-cp-∂p- s]-t{Sm-fn-bw- D¬-∏-∂-ß-fn-epw- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.- C-X-\p-k-cn-®v- s]-t{Smƒ,- Uo-k¬,- a-sÆ-Æ,- ]m-N-I-hm-X-Iw,- \m-^v-X- F-∂n-h-bp-sS- hn¬-]-\- hn-e- k¿-°m¿- \n-iv-N-bn-®ncp-∂p.- F-∂m¬- s]-t{Sm-fn-bw- D¬-]m-Z-I-ir-w-J-e-°m-c-p-sS- (F-Æ- {]-Ir-Xn-hm-X-ItIm¿-∏-td-j≥,-dn-ss^-\-d-n-Iƒ,- hm-X-I-hn-X-c-W-°m¿,- ]-ºp-Iƒ)- sN-e-hv- {Iq-Uv-Hm-bn-en-s‚-bpw- a-‰v- D¬-]m-Z-\- L-S-I-ß-fp-sS-bpw- hn-e-sb- A-Sn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bm-bn-cn-°pw.- C-Xv- Iq-Sn-bpw- Ip-d-p-an-cn-°pw.- A-X-\p-k-cn-®v- hn¬-]-\- hn-e-bn¬- am-‰w- h-cp-Øm≥- k¿-°m¿- A-\p-h-Zn-°n-√.- A-t∏mƒ- \-„w- B-cp-k-ln-°pw.- F]nFw {]-Imcw-ÿn-c- B-kv-Xn-I-fp-sS- 12 i-X-am-\w- em-`w- F-∂- tXm-Xn¬- K-h¨-sa‚ v- Hm-bn¬-I-º-\n-Iƒ-°v- hy-Xym-kw- h-I-h-®p-sIm-Sp-°pw.- Hm-bn¬- t_m-≠p-Iƒ- h-gn-bm-Wv- Cu-\-„w- k¿-°m¿- \-n-I-Øp-∂-Xv.- A-¥m-cm-{„- hn-e-bn¬- hn-e- Xm-gv-∂v- em-`-I-c-am-bm¬em-`w-k¿-°m-cn-\pw- sImSp-°-Ww.- F-∂m¬- C-Xv- km-[m-c-W- kw-`-hn-°m-dn-√.- F-]nFw- ap-tJ-\- D]-t`m-‡m-hn-s\- D¬-]m-Z-\-s®-e-hn¬- h-cp-∂- am-‰ß-tfm,- A-¥m-cm-{„- {Iq-Uv- hn-e-bn¬- h-cp-∂- G-‰-°p-d-thm- _m-[n-°n-√.- s]-t{Sm-fn-b-w- D-]-tbm-K-Øn¬-70 i-X-am-\-hpw- C-d-°p-a-Xn-bn¬- \n-∂mIp-tºmƒ,- Cu- hn-e- am-‰-߃- km-[m-c-W-°m-c-s‚- ssZ-\w-Zn-\- Po-hn-X-sØ- km-c-am-bn- _m-[n-°pw.- A-Xn-\m-e-m-Wv- F-]nFwkw-hn-[m-\w-k¿-°m¿- \-„w- k-ln-®pw- Xp¿-∂p-t]m-∂-Xv.-F-∂m¬- k¿°m-cn-s\- \n-b-{¥n-°p-∂- a-’-c-m-[n-jv-Tn-X- I-tºm-f- [-\-im-kv-{X-⁄-∑m¿- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂-Xv- A-¥m-cm-{„- F-Æhn-e- hy-Xn-bm-\-Øn-\-\p-k-cn-®v- \-Ωp-sS- cm-Py-sØ- ""tIm-c-∑m-cpw''- (aam admi F-∂v- hm-b-n-°p-I)- sI-m-Sp-°-s´- hn-e- F-∂m-Wv,-F-¥n-\v- k-¿-°m¿- \-„w- k-ln-°p-∂p.- k¿-°m¿- J-P-\m-hn-se- ]-Ww- a-‰p-Im-cy-߃-°v- th-≠n- D-]-tbm-Kn-°m-a-t√m-.- F-¥m-Wo- a-‰p-I-m-cy-߃?- ]Øp-i-X-am-\w- Pn-Un-]n-(Gross Domestic Poverty)-{]m-]n-°mw.- Inclusive Growth F∂- k-a-{K-hn-Im-kwe-`n-°pw-F-s∂m-s°-bm-Wv.- G-Xm-bm-epw- _n-]n-F¬-Im-cp-sS- F-Æw- Iq-Sn-s°m-≠n-cn-°pw.- F--n-se-¥v? c-m-Pym-¥-c-\n-e-hm-c-ap-≈- F-Iv-kv-{]-kv- h-gn-I-fpw,- Zp-ss_-sb- sh-√p-∂- A-¥-m-cm-{„- - hn-am-\-Øm-h-f-ß-fpw- _¿-Pv- J-eo^-sb- I-S-Øn-sh-´p-∂- \-£-{Xtlm-´-ep-I-fpw-Aw-_m-\n-am-cp-sS- sl-en-]m-Up-I-fpw- D-≠m-Ip-∂n-t√.- ]m-h-ß-fp-sS- c-m-PIp-am-c-\m-b- (Z- C-°-tWm-ankv-‰v- {]-tbm-Kw)- cm-lp-¬-Km-‘n- C-Xv- Im-Wp-∂p-t≠m....-KpP-dm-Ønse kk-Zn-ep-ff ]pXnb ^mIvSdn Xpd∂ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ \mt\mhnev]\ 7704 Bbn. AXp-hsc amkw icm-icn 3500 FÆ-amWv hn‰n-cp-∂-Xv.C≥UntKm hnev]\ 3522˛¬ \n∂v 7502 Bbn. h¿[\ 113 iX-am-\w.lyq≠m-bn°v samØw B`y¥c hnev]\ 18.9 iX-am-\ta hf¿∂p-f-fp.H∂mw ÿm\w amcpXn \ne-\n-dp-Øn. amcp-Xn-bpsS B`y¥c hnev]\ 17.9iX-am\w hf¿∂v 72812 Bbn. Pq¨ amk-Ønse samØw Im¿-˛-bq-´n-en‰n hml\hnev]\ 26.8 iX-am\w hf¿∂p. 139490˛¬ \n∂v 176920 te°v.t^m¿Uv C¥y-°mWv iX-am-\-°-W-°n¬ G‰-hp-a-[nIw hf¿®. 267 iX-am-\w. 1982˛¬ \n∂v 7269˛te-°v. P\-d¬ tamt´mgvkv 112 iX-am\w hf¿∂v 9539 Bbn.sSmtbm´ 6180 hml-\-߃ hn‰p. alo{µ B≥Uv alo{µ 17573 hml-\-߃ (bq-´nen‰nhml-\-ßfpw temKm\pw am{Xw. hmWnPy hml-\-߃ s]Sp-Øm-sX.) hn‰p.

August 201019bp-en-]v \nb-{¥Ww C¿Ubn¬;Zo¿L-Im-e- \nt£]a-m°pwbqWn‰v enUv C≥jp-d≥kv ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS (bp-en-]v)\nb-{¥Ww kw_-‘n®vHmlcn hn]-Wn-bpsS sdKp-te-‰-dmb sk_nbpw C≥jp-d≥kv sdKp-te-‰-dmb C≥jpd≥kvsdKp-te-‰dn B≥Uv sUh-e-]vsa‚ v AtYm-dn‰n (C¿U) bpw XΩn-ep-≠m-bncp∂X¿°-Øn¬ C≥jp-d≥kv sdKp-te-‰¿°v A\p-Iq-e-amb ÿnXn-bp-≠m-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. bpen∏pI-fpsS \nb-{¥Ww ssIh∂ C¿U Cu taJ-e-bn¬ ]cnjvIm-c-߃°pw\nb-{¥-W-߃°pw Xp\n-n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ]pXnb am‰-߃sk]v‰w-_¿ H∂p apX¬ \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øp-hm\pw Dt±-in-°p-∂p.F√m t]mfnkn DS-a-Iƒ°pw Htcm-t]mse \oXn-bp-‡-amb e`y-am-Ip∂ hn[-Øn-emWv ]pXnb bpen]v am¿K-\n¿t±-i-߃ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. bpen-∏n\vCuSm-°p∂ Nm¿Pp-Iƒ A©p-h¿jw-sIm≠v CuSm-°p∂ hn[-Øn-em-°n. GP‚pam¿sX‰mbn DXv]∂w hnev°p-∂-Xn-\p-ff km[y-X-Ifpw Ipd-bv°p-∂-Xn-\p-ff \n¿t±i-ßfpwDƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.C≥jp-d≥kv Iº-\n-Iƒ bpen-∏p-Iƒ°v G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂ hnhn-[-bn\wNm¿Pp-Iƒ Ipd®psIm-≠p-f-f-XmWv C¿U-bpsS Hcp DØ-c-hv. Ct∏mƒ B-Zy-h¿jwFSp-°p∂ Nm¿Pp-Iƒ A©p-h¿jw-sIm≠v Xpey-ambn FSp-°p-hm-\mWvC¿U \n¿t±-in-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. A©p h¿j-Øn-\p-tijw CuSm-°p∂Nm¿Pp-Iƒ°v ]cn-[nbpw \n›-bn-®n-´p-≠v. Imem-h[n A\p-kcn®vCXn¬ am‰-ap-≠m-Ipw. Nm¿Pp-Iƒ°v ]cn[n \n›-bn-®-tXmsS \nt£-]-I¿°v IqSp-X¬ dnt´¨ e`n-°p-hm≥ km[yX h¿[n-®n-cn-°p-IbmsW∂mWvHcp hn`mKw Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xv.F∂m¬ CXn\v adp-h-i-hp-ap-≠v.Ct∏mƒ BZy-h¿jw Db¿∂ Nm¿Pp-IƒCuSm-°p∂ Iº-\n-Iƒ XpS¿∂p-ff h¿jß-fn¬Ipd-bv°p-I-bmWv ]Xn-hv. ]p-Xnb\n¿t±-i-Øn¬ A©p-h¿jhpw BZyh¿jsØNm¿Pp-Iƒ CuSm-°p-hm-\mWv\n¿t±-in-®n-´p-f-f-Xv. ^e-Øn¬ CXvt]mfnkn DS-a-Iƒ°v IqSp-X¬ Nm¿Pv\evIp-∂-Xn¬ FØn-°p-sa-∂mWv Hcphn`mKw A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.Ct∏mƒ hn‰p-sIm-≠n- -°p∂ bpen]vDXv]-∂-߃ F√mw-Xs∂ ]p\-c-h-X-cn-∏nt°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.CXn-s\√mw C¿Ubn¬\n∂v]pXnb AwKo-I-mchpw FSp-°-Ww.hnhn[ Imc-W-߃sIm≠v Imem-h-[n-°paptºt]mfnkn Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂-h¿°pw sa®-s∏´dnt´¨ In-´m≥ km[yX sXfn-n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. AXm-bXvt]mfnkn Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-hm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂-htcmSv IqSp-X¬Ab-hp-ff kao-]\w C≥jpd≥kv Iº-\n-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°-Wsa∂mWvC¿U-bpsS \n¿t±-iw.]pXnb ssKUv sse≥ A\p-k-cn®v bpen∏ns‚ Ipd Imem-h[naq∂p h¿j-Øn¬\n∂v A©p h¿j-ambn Db¿Øn-bn-´p-≠v. AXm-bXvbpen]v Hcp Zo¿L-Ime DXv]-∂-am-sW∂v A¿∞-i--bv°n-S-bn-√m-Ø-hn[wC¿U hy‡-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. CXv C≥Ukv{Sn s]mXpth kzmKXwsNbvXn-cn-°p- -I-bm-Wv. t]mfnkn DS-a Zo¿L-Im-e-Øn¬ \nev°p-∂Xv Iº-\n°pwC≥jp-d≥kv hyh-km-b-Øn\pw \√-Xm-Wv. t\csØ t]mfnkn kd-≠¿ sNøp-∂-h¿°v ]gb coXn-b¬ Nm¿Pv C\-Øn¬ XpI-\-evtI≠n hcn-√.F√m sse^v bpen-∏nepw C≥jp-d≥kv Ih-tdPv Cc-´n-bm-°n. AXm-bXv sse^vC≥jp-d≥kntebv°v IqSp-X¬ XpI \o°n hbv°pw. s]≥j≥ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ°v Ipd-Xv 4.5 iX-am\w dnt´¨ Kmc‚n \evI-W-sa∂pw C¿U \n¿t±-in-®n-´p-≠v.Imem-h-[n-°p-aptº t]mfnkn kd-≠¿ sNøp-∂Xv Hgn-hm-°p-I-sb∂ e£ytØmsSbpen-∏n≥ta¬ hmbv] FSp-°p-hm-\p-ff kuIcyw e-`y-am-°p-hm\pw \n¿t±in-®n-´p-≠v.]W-Øn\v AXym-hiyw h∂m¬ t]mfnkn DS-abv°v t]mfnkn kd-≠¿ sNømsX ]Ww Is≠-Øm≥ CXp aqew km[n-°pw.]pXnb \n¿t±-i-Øn¬ bpen-∏ns‚ C≥jp-d≥kv Ih¿ Cc-´n-bm-°n-bn-´p-≠v. BZyh¿jsØ{]oan-b-Øns‚ A©n-c-´n-bm-bn-cp∂p Ct∏m-gsØ C≥jp-d≥kv Ih¿.AXv ]Øn-c-´n-bm°n Db¿Øn-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.]pXnb Nm¿Pv LS\ bpen-∏ns\ ayqNz¬ ^≠p-I-tfmSv IqSp-X¬ ASp-∏n-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-sW-∂pw CXn\p ]pdta Ipd C≥jp-d≥kv Ih-tdPpw \evIp-∂p-sh∂pw_PmPv Im∏n-‰¬ tPmbn‚ v amt\-PnwKv Ub-d-IvS¿ kRvPohv _PmPv Nq≠n-°m-´p-∂p.\ne-hn-ep-ff \nt£-]-I¿°v Aev]w \ncmi tXm∂n-tb°mw. ]pXnb th¿j-\p-Iƒ GXp DXv]-∂-Øn¬ ]pd-Øn-d-°p-tºmgpw CØcw \ncmi ]gb D]-tbm-‡m-°ƒ°v D≠m-hpI kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. Fnepw Zo¿L-Im-e- e£y-tØmsSbpen]v \nt£-]-Øn¬ {]th-in-®-h¿ \ncm-i-s∏-tS≠ Imcy-an-√. Zo¿L-Im-e-Øn¬Ch c≠n\pw XΩn¬ Imcy-amb hyXym-k-an-√. {lkz-˛-a[y Im-e-Øn¬ \nt£]wAh-km-\n-∏n°m-{K-ln-°p-∂-h¿°v ]pXnb kwhn-[m-\-Øn¬ sa®-ap-s≠∂p am{Xw.]pXnb kwhn-[m-\-Øn¬ bpen-∏n\v IΩo-j≥ Ipd-bp∂ kml-N-cy-Øn¬GP‚p-am¿ Ch hnev°p-∂-Xn\v henb Xmev]cyw ImWn-°m-\n-S-bn-√. {lkz-Ime-Øn¬t]mfnkn kd-≠¿ sNbvXm¬ GP‚n\v e`n-°p-am-b-cp∂ IΩo-j≥\jvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ah¿ bpen]v hnev°p-hm≥ Xmev]cyw ImWn-°p- -bn-√. Cu{]iv\sØC≥jp-d≥kv Iº-\n-Iƒ Fßs\ t\cn-Sp-∂p-sh-∂-XmWv Adn-bm-\n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. t\csØkd-≠¿ sNøp∂ t]mfn-kn-I-fn¬ GP‚pam¿°pe`n-®n-cp∂ IΩo-j≥ XncnsI]nSn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ff I≠o-j≥ hbv°p-hm-\mWv C≥jp-d≥kv Iº-\n-Iƒ Dt±-in-°p-∂-sX-∂mWv kqN-\. CtXmsSGP‚p-am¿ ankv sk√nwKv \S-Øp-∂XvKWy-ambn Ipd-bp-sa-∂mWv C¿U-bpsS{]Xo-£.]pXnb \n¿t±-i-ß-fn¬ 45 hb-kn\vapI-fn-ep-f-f-h¿ FSp-°p∂ bpen-∏n¬C≥jp-d≥kv an\naw AXn\p Xmsg-bpf-f-h°p-ffC≥jp-d≥kv an\n-a-Øns‚]IpXn aXn-sb-∂m-Wv. AXm-bXv 45 hbkn\papI-fn-ep-f-f-h¿ bpen]v FSp-Øm¬ IqSp-X¬ XpI \nt£-]-Øn-\mbnam‰n hbv°-s∏-Spw.Zo¿L-Im-e-Øn-tebv°v hnev°p∂CXv]-∂-am-bn´v C≥jp-d≥kns\ImWp∂ kao-]-\-amWv C¿U kzoI-cn-®n-´p-f-f-Xv. CXn-\-\p-k-cn-®p-ff am‰-ßfmWvC¿U ]pXnb am¿K-\n¿t±-i-ßfn¬\evIn-bn-´p-f-f-Xv. AXm-bXvt]mfnkn DS-a-Iƒ Zo¿L-Im-e-Øn¬\nt£]w \S-Øp-hm≥ klm-b-I-c-amb\ne-]m-SmWv C¿U FSp-Øn-´p-f-f-Xv.t]mfnkn kd-≠¿ sNøp-∂XpwCSbv°p h®v AShp \n¿Øp-∂Xpw Ipd-®p-sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn-\pamWv C¿U-]pXnb am¿K-\n¿t±-i-߃ hgn C¿Ue£yw hbv°p-∂-Xv.CXp e£yw h®v C≥jp-d≥kvGP‚p-am¿°mbn C¿U ]pXnb am¿K-\n¿t±-i-߃ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n-´p-≠v. CXpwsk]v‰w-_¿ H∂p apX¬ \ne-hn¬ hcpw.]pXnb \n¿t±-i-a-\p-k-cn®v HcpGP≥kn-bpsS s]¿kn-Ã≥kv tdtjym50 iX-am-\-Øn¬ Xmgm≥ ]mSn-√. AXmbXv50 iX-am\w t]mfnkn DS-a-I-sf-nepw t]mfn-kn-bpsS Ime-h-[n-bn¬ Dd®p\nev°-Ww. CXn¬ hogvN h∂m¬ GP≥kn ssek≥kv ]pXp°n \evIp-I-bn-√.Hmtcm GP‚pw Hcp h¿jw Ipd-Xv 20 t]mfn-kn-Iƒ hnev°-Ww. Ipd-Xv1.5 e£w cq]bpsS ]pXnb _nkn-\kv {]oan-bhpw t\S-Ww.C≥jp-d≥kv Iº-\n-bnse tPmen-°m-cpsS _‘p-°msc AtX Iº-\n-bp-sS-Xs∂ GP‚p-am-cmbn dn{Iq´v sNøm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p-I-bn-√. t]mfnkn em]vkmbm¬GP‚ns‚ IΩo-j≥ BZy-h¿jw XSp hbv°pw. t]mfnkn XpS-cp-∂-X-\p-k-cn®p am{Xw XpS¿ h¿j-ß-fn¬ IΩo-j≥ \evIp-I-bp-f-fp. C¿U-bpsS IW-°p-I-f-\p-k-cn®v XpS-ßp∂ A©p t]mfn-kn-I-fn¬ HscÆw BZy-h¿jw Xs∂em]vkm-Ip-I-bm-Wv.A©p h¿jw ]q¿Øn-bm-Ip-tºmƒ ]IpXn t]mfnkn t]mepwXp-S-cp-∂n-s√-∂mWv IW-°p-Iƒ ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. CXv Hgn-hm-°p-hm\pw ankvsk√nwKv Ipd-bv°p-hm-\p-amWv C¿U-bpsS \S-]-Sn. ]e-t∏mgpw GP‚p-am-cpsSankv sk√nwKv BWv t]mfnkn em]vkm-Ip-hm≥ Imc-W-sa-∂mWv ]T\w ImW-°p-∂-Xv.]pXnb kwhn-[m-\-Øn¬ bpen-∏n\v IΩo-j≥ Ipd-bp∂ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ GP‚p-am¿ Ch hnev°p-∂-Xn\vhenb Xmev]cyw ImWn-°m-\n-S-bn-√. {lkz-Im-e-Øn¬ t]mfnkn kd-≠¿ sNbvXm¬ GP‚n\ve`n-°p-am-bn-cp∂ IΩo-j≥ \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ah¿ bpen]v hnev°p-hm≥ Xmev]cyw ImWn-°p- -bn-√.Cu {]iv\sØ C≥jp-d≥kv Iº-\n-Iƒ Fßs\ t\cn-Sp-∂p-sh-∂-XmWv Adn-bm-\n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. t\csØkd-≠¿ sNøp∂ t]mfn-kn-I-fn¬ GP‚p-am¿°p e`n-®n-cp∂ IΩo-j≥ XncnsI ]nSn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ff I≠o-j≥hbv°p-hm-\mWv C≥jp-d≥kv Iº-\n-Iƒ Dt±-in-°p-∂-sX-∂mWv kqN-\. CtXmsS GP‚p-am¿ ankv sk√nwKv\S-Øp-∂Xv KWy-ambn Ipd-bp-sa-∂mWv C¿U-bpsS {]Xo-£.

20 VOICE OF WEALTH August 2010 Registered No. KL/EKM/672/2008-2010. Licence No. KL/CR/EKM/WPP-30/2008-10Reg. No. KERBIL/ 2006/18747. RN. 91304 Owned, Printed and Published by George Alexander Muthoot, G343, Panampilly Nagar, Kochi-36 and Printed at Cherrys Printers,for Viani Printers, Kochi. Editor: T.C.Mathew (Responsible for story selection)