Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001-2002 - Measure DHS

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Figure 4.7 shows data on teenage pregnancy and motherhood by age. The rates increase slowlybetween 15 and 16 years, after which the increase is rapid. In the case of first pregnancy, the increase isslow between 15 and 17, after which it starts declining.Figure 4.7 Percentage of Teenagers Who are Mothers orPregnant with Their First Child6050Percent5340373024201003108 77215 16 17 18 194AgeMothersPregnant with first childZDHS 2001-200268 │ Fertility
FERTILITY REGULATION5Mika Bwembya and Margaret T. MwanamwengeThis chapter presents the 2001-2002 ZDHS results on contraceptive knowledge, attitudes, andbehaviour. Although the focus is on women, some results from the male survey will also be presentedsince men play an important role in the realisation of reproductive goals. Comparisons are also made,where feasible, with findings from previous surveys in order to evaluate trends occurring in Zambia overthe last decade.5.1 KNOWLEDGE OF CONTRACEPTIVE METHODSAcquiring knowledge about fertility control is an important step toward gaining access to andthen using a suitable contraceptive method in a timely and effective manner. Information on knowledge ofcontraception was collected in two ways. First, respondents were asked to name ways or methods couplescan use to prevent or delay pregnancy. When a respondent failed to mention a particular methodspontaneously, the interviewer described the method and asked whether the respondent knew it. Usingthis approach, information was collected for ten modern family planning methods: female and malesterilisation, the pill, the IUD, injectables, implants, male and female condoms, vaginal methods(including foam tablets/diaphragm/jelly), and emergency contraception. Information was also collected onthree traditional methods: the lactational amenorrhoea method (LAM), 1 rhythm or natural familyplanning, and withdrawal. Provision was also made in the questionnaire to record any other methodsnamed spontaneously by respondents. Both prompted and unprompted knowledge are combined in thisreport.Tables 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 show the level of knowledge of contraceptive methods among all womenand men, currently married women and men, sexually active unmarried women and men, sexuallyinactive unmarried women and men, and for women and men with no sexual experience, by specificmethod.The data show that knowledge of any contraceptive method is almost universal in Zambia, with98 percent of all women and men knowing at least one method of contraception. Modern methods aremore widely known than traditional methods. The data show that 98 percent of all women know of amodern method, compared with 72 percent who know of a traditional one. Among modern methods, themale condom is the most commonly known (94 percent) closely followed by the pill (93 percent).Emergency contraception is the least known, reported by 9 percent of all women. Among the traditionalmethods, withdrawal is the most commonly known (56 percent).Currently married women show a somewhat similar picture, especially regarding level ofknowledge. Among currently married women, 99 percent know at least one method of contraception,99 percent know a modern method, and 83 percent know a traditional method. Among modern methods,the most commonly known are the pill and the male condom (96 percent each).1Although LAM is considered a modern method of family planning, analysis of the ZDHS data indicates that manywomen confused it with simple breastfeeding so, rather than present misleading data, it was decided to classifyLAM as traditional.Fertility Regulation │ 69
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ZambiaDemographic andHealth Survey2
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This report summarises the findings
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Page3.6 Women’s Employment ......
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Page11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake amo
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PageA.7 Sample Selection ..........
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PageTable 3.11 Decision on use of e
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Table 7.7 Wanted fertility rates ..
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PageTable 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AI
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PREFACEThe Zambia Demographic and H
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FAMILY PLANNINGKnowledge of contrac
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According to mothers’ reports, ar
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ZAMBIALake TanganyikaLake MweruTanz
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The 1980s marked the start of the f
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the peripheral structures. An impor
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ing in private households in the co
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subjects agreed) received a referra
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confidentiality.Finally, in additio
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CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND2R
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Figure 2.2 Distribution of De Facto
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2.4 EDUCATIONAL LEVEL OF HOUSEHOLD
Page 43 and 44: Figure 2.3 Percent Distribution of
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2.4 Net and Gross Attendance
Page 47 and 48: 2.5 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS ANDHOUS
Page 49 and 50: Thirty percent of households own a
Page 51 and 52: CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS3AND
Page 53 and 54: enrolment ratios suggest that educa
Page 55 and 56: 3.3 LITERACYThe ability to read is
Page 57 and 58: Figure 3.1 Youth Literacy100 Percen
Page 59 and 60: 3.5 MEN’S EMPLOYMENTMale responde
Page 61 and 62: Table 3.6 Occupation: menPercent di
Page 63 and 64: Table 3.8 Employment status: womenP
Page 65 and 66: non-agricultural occupations, since
Page 67 and 68: Table 3.12 Women’s control over e
Page 69 and 70: Table 3.14.1 Women’s participatio
Page 71 and 72: Table 3.14.2 Women’s participatio
Page 73 and 74: Table 3.15.1 Women’s attitudes to
Page 75 and 76: 3.7.3 Attitudes toward Refusing Sex
Page 77 and 78: Table 3.16.2 Men’s attitudes towa
Page 79 and 80: Table 3.17.1 Smoking of tobacco: wo
Page 81 and 82: FERTILITY4Richard Banda and Margare
Page 83 and 84: As the comparison in Figure 4.1 ind
Page 85 and 86: Figure 4.3 Total Fertility Rate by
Page 87 and 88: Table 4.4 Trends in fertility by ba
Page 89 and 90: Results from the 2001-2002 ZDHS ind
Page 91 and 92: The median birth interval is 33 mon
Page 93: 4.6 TEENAGE FERTILITYAdolescent chi
Page 97 and 98: Table 5.1.2 Knowledge of contracept
Page 99 and 100: Seventy percent of currently marrie
Page 101: Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
Page 105 and 106: Table 5.7 Number of children at fir
Page 107 and 108: Table 5.10 Source of contraceptionP
Page 109 and 110: The pattern is slightly different f
Page 111 and 112: 5.14 EXPOSURE TO FAMILY PLANNING ME
Page 113 and 114: Table 5.16.1 Exposure to specific r
Page 115 and 116: Table 5.17 shows that 18 percent of
Page 117 and 118: Table 5.19 Attitudes of couples tow
Page 119 and 120: Table 6.1 shows that one-fourth of
Page 121 and 122: Table 6.3 Age at first marriagePerc
Page 123 and 124: Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
Page 125 and 126: Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
Page 127 and 128: Almost four in ten (38 percent) of
Page 129 and 130: FERTILITY PREFERENCES AND UNMET NEE
Page 131 and 132: The above results show an increase
Page 133 and 134: 7.3 UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNINGW
Page 135 and 136: Figure 7.4 Unmet Need for Spacing a
Page 137 and 138: The mean ideal number of children f
Page 139 and 140: Table 7.7 shows the total wanted fe
Page 141 and 142: Fifty-nine percent of all neonatal
Page 143 and 144: Table 8.3 Early childhood mortality
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Table 8.5 Early childhood mortality
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Only 27 percent of births are in a
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MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH9Miriam Ch
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Expectant mothers should beginanten
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There are particularly sharp differ
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Table 9.5 Place of deliveryPercent
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Table 9.7 shows that only 2 percent
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Table 9.8 Postnatal carePercent dis
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Table 9.9 Visits by health workersP
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Table 9.10.2 Neighbourhood Health C
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No major variations were observed w
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Table 9.13 Vaccinations by backgrou
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Table 9.14 Prevalence of injections
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Eastern province has the highest pr
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Table 9.18 Diarrhoea treatmentPerce
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Table 9.20 Household knowledge and
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10.1.1 Use of Bednets by Children a
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Table 10.4 Use of antimalarial drug
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Luapula province has the highest pe
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INFANT FEEDING, NUTRITIONAL PRACTIC
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than half (51 percent) of the infan
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tamination after cleaning, the nipp
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11.2 COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING11.2.1 Ty
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Few children under two years of age
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Table 11.6 Iodisation of household
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11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake among C
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11.3.3 Micronutrient Supplementatio
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11.4 HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITYFood se
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Table 11.12 Nutritional status of c
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Table 11.12 indicates that children
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VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN 12Mary Kazun
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Table 12.2 Experience of beatings o
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Results show that almost eight out
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Table 12.5 Experience of sexual vio
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More than four out of ten never-mar
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AIDS/HIV/STI-RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND1
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Table 13.2 Knowledge of ways to avo
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Knowledge of HIV prevention methods
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Table 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AIDS w
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The view that HIV status of a famil
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Table 13.8 Knowledge of “Trendset
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Figure 13.1 Unmet Need for HIV Test
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Table 13.10 Men's attitudes toward
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Men in sales and services and skill
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Table 13.13 Alcohol consumption by
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Table 13.14.2 Knowledge of symptoms
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The peak age for having STI symptom
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used condoms, 34 percent took medic
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The practice of having multiple par
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Table 13.21 Use of condoms by type
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PREVALENCE OF HIV AND SYPHILIS 14Ku
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14.1.2 Coverage for HIV Testing by
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14.1.3 Approach to Weighting Syphil
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14.2 SYPHILIS PREVALENCE RATES 1Tab
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Table 14.8 Syphilis prevalence by a
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The 2001-2002 ZDHS data can be used
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Figure 14.2 illustrates the distinc
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Figure 14.3 HIV Prevalence AmongWom
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ADULT MORTALITY15Ann A. WayData col
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Table 15.2 Adult mortality ratesDir
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While again not definitive, the res
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124 | ReferencesGaisie, K., A. Cros
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SAMPLE DESIGNAppendix AA.1 INTRODUC
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Table A.2. Expected number of selec
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Similarly, a total of 2,658 potenti
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Table A.5 Sample implementation: me
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for selec
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for sele
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for sele
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DATA QUALITY TABLESAppendix CTable
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Table C.3 Completeness of reporting
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Table C.6 Reporting of age at death
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Provincial CoordinatorsMr Martin Nj
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Data Processing StaffMr Mathews Muv
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286 | Appendix E
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULENow we would like
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LINENO.USUAL RESIDENTSAND VISITORSR
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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INFORMED CONSENT FOR SYPHILIS AND H
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September 28, 20012001 ZAMBIA DEMOG
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTIONNO. QUESTION
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212 213 214 215 216 217IF ALIVE:218
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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407AWhere did the first antenatal v
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH AN
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTHNAMENAM
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH474B CH
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH480 Wha
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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SECTION 5. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTI
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. HUSBAND'S BACKGROUND AND
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SECTION 9. MATERNAL MORTALITYNO. QU
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904 What wasname given toyour oldes
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NAME OF EDITOR:____________________
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SUPERVISOR FIELD EDITOR OFFICE EDIT
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14 Have you heard of any other ways
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
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