Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001-2002 - Measure DHS

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Retrospective data from 2001-2002 birth historiesTable 4.5 presents the trend in agespecificfertility rates for successive five-yearperiods before the survey, generated from thebirth history data collected in the 2001-2002ZDHS. The numerators of the rates areclassified by five-year segments of timepreceding the survey and the mother’s age atthe time of birth. Because women 50 yearsand over were not interviewed in the survey,the rates for older age groups become progressivelymore truncated for periods moredistant from the survey date. For example,rates cannot be calculated for women age 45-49 for the period 5-9 years and more prior tothe survey, because women in that age groupwould have been 50 years or older at the timeof the survey. Partially truncated rates areenclosed in brackets in the table.Table 4.5 Trends in age-specific fertility ratesAge-specific fertility rates for five-year periods preceding thesurvey, by mother’s age at the time of the birth, Zambia 2001-2002–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Mother's age Number of years preceding the surveyat time ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––of the birth 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––15-19 161 161 168 18320-24 267 298 302 31425-29 247 285 300 29830-34 220 264 268 [279]35-39 168 206 [216]40-44 83 [140]45-49 [28]–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Note: Age-specific fertility rates are per 1,000 women.Estimates in brackets are truncated.The table shows that fertility has been declining in all age groups except at age 15-19 wherefertility has remained at the same level in the periods 5-9 and 0-4 years prior to the survey.4.2 CHILDREN EVER BORN AND CHILDREN SURVIVINGTable 4.6 presents the distribution of all women and currently married women by parity, that is,the number of children ever born, and the mean number of children ever born and children survivingamong women in each five-year age group.Table 4.6 Children ever born and livingPercent distribution of all women and currently married women by number of children ever born, and mean number of children everborn and mean number of living children, according to age group, Zambia 2001-2002––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Mean MeanNumber of children ever born Number number number––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– of of children of livingAge 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10+ Total women ever born children––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––ALL WOMEN––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––15-19 74.1 21.4 4.0 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 1,811 0.31 0.2720-24 21.4 30.1 28.5 15.8 3.9 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 1,664 1.52 1.2925-29 7.8 12.5 19.1 23.8 21.2 11.6 3.4 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 100.0 1,376 2.90 2.4230-34 4.0 5.9 9.1 13.3 18.2 20.3 16.4 8.7 3.1 0.6 0.5 100.0 972 4.33 3.6235-39 2.5 5.2 6.2 7.0 9.5 13.3 15.2 15.4 13.9 7.4 4.4 100.0 766 5.65 4.6540-44 1.7 1.9 3.7 6.9 7.2 7.9 11.5 12.6 17.4 11.5 17.7 100.0 601 6.87 5.6645-49 1.8 2.7 3.8 3.8 7.1 6.4 9.1 11.5 13.9 13.7 26.1 100.0 467 7.43 5.80Total 24.6 15.4 12.9 11.0 8.9 7.1 5.7 4.4 4.0 2.6 3.5 100.0 7,658 3.03 2.50–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––CURRENTLY MARRIED WOMEN––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––15-19 31.8 53.3 13.1 1.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 438 0.85 0.7420-24 9.5 27.5 35.8 21.0 5.5 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 1,086 1.87 1.6025-29 3.6 10.0 17.5 24.9 25.0 14.2 4.1 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 100.0 1,056 3.21 2.7030-34 1.7 3.4 7.9 12.1 19.4 21.4 18.7 10.3 3.8 0.7 0.6 100.0 756 4.68 3.9335-39 1.8 3.7 5.4 6.3 7.7 12.5 15.4 17.5 15.9 8.1 5.6 100.0 591 6.00 4.9440-44 1.5 1.4 3.0 4.8 7.4 5.3 11.3 13.2 18.0 12.6 21.5 100.0 449 7.25 6.0345-49 1.8 1.5 3.7 2.0 6.5 4.9 8.1 11.3 12.1 16.6 31.6 100.0 318 7.93 6.21Total 6.7 14.8 15.9 13.9 12.2 9.2 7.5 6.0 5.2 3.5 5.0 100.0 4,694 3.97 3.3062 │ Fertility
Results from the 2001-2002 ZDHS indicate that women in Zambia in their late twenties haveabout 2.9 children. By the time they reach the end of their reproductive years (age 45-49), women inZambia have given birth, on average, to 7.4 children, with 5.8 surviving.The most significant difference in the total number of children ever born between all women andcurrently married women is found in the youngest age group, 15-19. This is because many women in thisage group have not yet married and hence the exposure to the risk of pregnancy is lower than for olderwomen. Differences at older ages (40-44 and 45-49) reflect the impact of marital dissolution (divorce orwidowhood) on fertility.The parity distribution of older, currently married women provides a measure of primaryinfertility, that is, the proportion of women who are unable to have children at all. This is becausevoluntary childlessness is rare in Zambia, and married women with no live births are likely to be unableto have children.ZDHS results suggest that primary infertility is low in Zambia, with about 2 percent of all womenunable to have children. It should be noted, however, that this estimate of primary infertility does notinclude women who had one or more births, but who are unable to have more children (secondaryinfertility).Figure 4.6 shows the distribution of all men and currently married men by mean number ofchildren ever born. The mean number of children ever born among all men (3.1 children) is similar to themean number of children ever born among all women (3 children) (Table 4.6). However, the meannumber of children ever born among currently married men is higher than the mean number of childrenever born among currently married women. This may be due to the high prevalence of polygynousmarriages in Zambia. Men in such marriages often have more children than other men because havingmore than one wife increases the likelihood that they will father a greater number of children.Figure 4.6 Percent Distribution of All Men and CurrentlyMarried Men by Number of Children Ever Born,According to Age Group15.0Mean number of children ever born10.05.00.010.010.49.4 9.58.58.96.6 6.95.34.85.23.93.53.12.31.91.40.80.50.015-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 TotalAge groupAll menCurrently married menZDHS 2001-2002Fertility │ 63
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ZambiaDemographic andHealth Survey2
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This report summarises the findings
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Page3.6 Women’s Employment ......
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Page11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake amo
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PageA.7 Sample Selection ..........
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PageTable 3.11 Decision on use of e
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Table 7.7 Wanted fertility rates ..
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PageTable 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AI
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PREFACEThe Zambia Demographic and H
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FAMILY PLANNINGKnowledge of contrac
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According to mothers’ reports, ar
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ZAMBIALake TanganyikaLake MweruTanz
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The 1980s marked the start of the f
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the peripheral structures. An impor
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ing in private households in the co
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subjects agreed) received a referra
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confidentiality.Finally, in additio
Page 37 and 38: CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND2R
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2.2 Distribution of De Facto
Page 41 and 42: 2.4 EDUCATIONAL LEVEL OF HOUSEHOLD
Page 43 and 44: Figure 2.3 Percent Distribution of
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2.4 Net and Gross Attendance
Page 47 and 48: 2.5 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS ANDHOUS
Page 49 and 50: Thirty percent of households own a
Page 51 and 52: CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS3AND
Page 53 and 54: enrolment ratios suggest that educa
Page 55 and 56: 3.3 LITERACYThe ability to read is
Page 57 and 58: Figure 3.1 Youth Literacy100 Percen
Page 59 and 60: 3.5 MEN’S EMPLOYMENTMale responde
Page 61 and 62: Table 3.6 Occupation: menPercent di
Page 63 and 64: Table 3.8 Employment status: womenP
Page 65 and 66: non-agricultural occupations, since
Page 67 and 68: Table 3.12 Women’s control over e
Page 69 and 70: Table 3.14.1 Women’s participatio
Page 71 and 72: Table 3.14.2 Women’s participatio
Page 73 and 74: Table 3.15.1 Women’s attitudes to
Page 75 and 76: 3.7.3 Attitudes toward Refusing Sex
Page 77 and 78: Table 3.16.2 Men’s attitudes towa
Page 79 and 80: Table 3.17.1 Smoking of tobacco: wo
Page 81 and 82: FERTILITY4Richard Banda and Margare
Page 83 and 84: As the comparison in Figure 4.1 ind
Page 85 and 86: Figure 4.3 Total Fertility Rate by
Page 87: Table 4.4 Trends in fertility by ba
Page 91 and 92: The median birth interval is 33 mon
Page 93 and 94: 4.6 TEENAGE FERTILITYAdolescent chi
Page 95 and 96: FERTILITY REGULATION5Mika Bwembya a
Page 97 and 98: Table 5.1.2 Knowledge of contracept
Page 99 and 100: Seventy percent of currently marrie
Page 101: Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
Page 105 and 106: Table 5.7 Number of children at fir
Page 107 and 108: Table 5.10 Source of contraceptionP
Page 109 and 110: The pattern is slightly different f
Page 111 and 112: 5.14 EXPOSURE TO FAMILY PLANNING ME
Page 113 and 114: Table 5.16.1 Exposure to specific r
Page 115 and 116: Table 5.17 shows that 18 percent of
Page 117 and 118: Table 5.19 Attitudes of couples tow
Page 119 and 120: Table 6.1 shows that one-fourth of
Page 121 and 122: Table 6.3 Age at first marriagePerc
Page 123 and 124: Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
Page 125 and 126: Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
Page 127 and 128: Almost four in ten (38 percent) of
Page 129 and 130: FERTILITY PREFERENCES AND UNMET NEE
Page 131 and 132: The above results show an increase
Page 133 and 134: 7.3 UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNINGW
Page 135 and 136: Figure 7.4 Unmet Need for Spacing a
Page 137 and 138: The mean ideal number of children f
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Table 7.7 shows the total wanted fe
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Fifty-nine percent of all neonatal
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Table 8.3 Early childhood mortality
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Table 8.5 Early childhood mortality
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Only 27 percent of births are in a
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MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH9Miriam Ch
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Expectant mothers should beginanten
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There are particularly sharp differ
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Table 9.5 Place of deliveryPercent
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Table 9.7 shows that only 2 percent
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Table 9.8 Postnatal carePercent dis
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Table 9.9 Visits by health workersP
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Table 9.10.2 Neighbourhood Health C
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No major variations were observed w
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Table 9.13 Vaccinations by backgrou
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Table 9.14 Prevalence of injections
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Eastern province has the highest pr
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Table 9.18 Diarrhoea treatmentPerce
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Table 9.20 Household knowledge and
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10.1.1 Use of Bednets by Children a
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Table 10.4 Use of antimalarial drug
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Luapula province has the highest pe
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INFANT FEEDING, NUTRITIONAL PRACTIC
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than half (51 percent) of the infan
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tamination after cleaning, the nipp
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11.2 COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING11.2.1 Ty
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Few children under two years of age
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Table 11.6 Iodisation of household
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11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake among C
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11.3.3 Micronutrient Supplementatio
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11.4 HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITYFood se
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Table 11.12 Nutritional status of c
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Table 11.12 indicates that children
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VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN 12Mary Kazun
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Table 12.2 Experience of beatings o
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Results show that almost eight out
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Table 12.5 Experience of sexual vio
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More than four out of ten never-mar
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AIDS/HIV/STI-RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND1
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Table 13.2 Knowledge of ways to avo
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Knowledge of HIV prevention methods
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Table 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AIDS w
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The view that HIV status of a famil
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Table 13.8 Knowledge of “Trendset
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Figure 13.1 Unmet Need for HIV Test
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Table 13.10 Men's attitudes toward
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Men in sales and services and skill
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Table 13.13 Alcohol consumption by
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Table 13.14.2 Knowledge of symptoms
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The peak age for having STI symptom
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used condoms, 34 percent took medic
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The practice of having multiple par
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Table 13.21 Use of condoms by type
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PREVALENCE OF HIV AND SYPHILIS 14Ku
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14.1.2 Coverage for HIV Testing by
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14.1.3 Approach to Weighting Syphil
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14.2 SYPHILIS PREVALENCE RATES 1Tab
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Table 14.8 Syphilis prevalence by a
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The 2001-2002 ZDHS data can be used
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Figure 14.2 illustrates the distinc
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Figure 14.3 HIV Prevalence AmongWom
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ADULT MORTALITY15Ann A. WayData col
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Table 15.2 Adult mortality ratesDir
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While again not definitive, the res
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124 | ReferencesGaisie, K., A. Cros
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SAMPLE DESIGNAppendix AA.1 INTRODUC
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Table A.2. Expected number of selec
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Similarly, a total of 2,658 potenti
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Table A.5 Sample implementation: me
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for selec
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for sele
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for sele
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DATA QUALITY TABLESAppendix CTable
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Table C.3 Completeness of reporting
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Table C.6 Reporting of age at death
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Provincial CoordinatorsMr Martin Nj
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Data Processing StaffMr Mathews Muv
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286 | Appendix E
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULENow we would like
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LINENO.USUAL RESIDENTSAND VISITORSR
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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INFORMED CONSENT FOR SYPHILIS AND H
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September 28, 20012001 ZAMBIA DEMOG
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTIONNO. QUESTION
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212 213 214 215 216 217IF ALIVE:218
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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407AWhere did the first antenatal v
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH AN
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTHNAMENAM
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH474B CH
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH480 Wha
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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SECTION 5. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTI
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. HUSBAND'S BACKGROUND AND
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SECTION 9. MATERNAL MORTALITYNO. QU
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904 What wasname given toyour oldes
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NAME OF EDITOR:____________________
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SUPERVISOR FIELD EDITOR OFFICE EDIT
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14 Have you heard of any other ways
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
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