Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001-2002 - Measure DHS

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3.7.2 Attitudes toward Wife BeatingThe ZDHS collected information on the degree of acceptance of wife beating by asking whether ahusband would be justified in beating his wife in each of the following five situations: if the wife goes outwith another man; if she neglects the children; if she argues with him; if she refuses to have sex; and ifshe cooks bad food or food is late.Tables 3.15.1 and 3.15.2 show the proportions of women and men who agreed that a husbandwould be justified in hitting or beating his wife for specific reasons. A high proportion of women agreeingthat wife beating is acceptable is an indicator that women generally accept violence as part of malefemalerelationships. A low proportion agreeing indicates that the majority of women do not accept suchviolence and, thus, is an indicator that women are more “empowered.”Table 3.15.1 shows that many women find wife beating justified in certain circumstances. Overfour in five women agree that at least one of the specified reasons is enough to justify wife beating.Women’s infidelity is the most likely reason to justify wife beating (79 percent), whereas bad orlate food is the least likely (45 percent). It is not surprising that there is a high level of acceptance of thelegitimacy of beatings because traditional norms teach women to accept, tolerate, and even rationalisebattery. However, this norm hinders women's empowerment with consequences for their health. There islittle difference between women in urban and rural areas (84 and 87 percent, respectively). Women inLuapula province constitute the highest proportion of women who say wife beating is justified for at leastone of the reasons specified (95 percent), while Eastern province has the lowest proportion (59 percent).Except for Eastern and Lusaka provinces, 90 percent or more of women agree with one of the reasonsjustifying wife beating. Generally, women who have never married, highly educated women, and unemployedwomen are least likely to agree with any of the reasons for wife beating.Tables 3.15.1 and 3.15.2 show that fewer men than women agree that wife beating is justified forat least one of the specified reasons (69 percent and 85 percent, respectively). Rural men are more likelyto agree with wife beating for one of the specified reasons than their urban counterparts (72 versus 65percent). Table 3.15.2 indicates that among educated men, those with higher education are least likely toaccept wife beating (38 percent).46 │ Characteristics of Respondents
Table 3.15.1 Women’s attitudes toward wife beatingPercentage of women who agree that a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife for specific reasons, by backgroundcharacteristics, Zambia 2001-2002–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she: Percentage–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– who agreeCooks Goes out Refuses with atbad/ Argues with Neglects to have least one NumberBackground late with another the sex specified ofcharacteristic food him man children with him reason women–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Age15-19 48.0 52.2 76.5 60.9 41.6 84.4 1,81120-24 44.6 51.2 78.1 60.5 46.0 85.3 1,66425-29 45.1 54.1 81.2 62.7 47.8 85.9 1,37630-34 43.4 50.7 80.1 59.9 48.5 86.1 97235-39 45.0 52.2 78.9 62.7 48.7 85.5 76640-44 45.3 53.3 79.4 60.3 52.4 85.0 60145-49 44.1 49.6 80.2 57.7 56.9 86.5 467Marital statusNever married 40.5 44.3 68.7 54.7 35.1 77.7 1,897Married or living together 46.8 55.1 82.1 62.6 50.6 87.6 4,694Divorced/separated/widowed 48.0 52.6 82.5 64.8 52.4 89.3 1,067Number of living children0 41.8 46.0 70.7 55.0 37.6 79.2 2,0671-2 45.6 54.1 81.4 63.4 48.4 87.4 2,4313-4 47.8 54.0 81.6 63.2 50.9 87.7 1,5785+ 47.4 55.0 82.7 62.6 53.3 87.9 1,582ResidenceUrbanRural39.249.646.355.978.579.157.863.042.750.083.586.63,0734,585ProvinceCentral 47.7 57.9 85.1 65.1 46.8 91.9 562Copperbelt 45.7 54.6 85.3 65.2 49.4 89.5 1,544Eastern 22.0 29.6 51.6 36.5 23.7 58.6 926Luapula 66.0 68.8 90.9 72.2 70.8 95.2 622Lusaka 30.7 35.8 73.3 51.2 35.3 77.5 1,132Northern 56.4 59.3 89.2 72.6 58.9 92.7 1,040North-Western 49.7 65.4 86.2 61.3 57.1 92.3 354Southern 42.9 58.6 78.6 58.1 45.8 91.1 814Western 65.1 58.0 74.9 72.7 49.5 89.7 663EducationNo education 49.0 54.2 74.9 62.1 50.4 85.0 925Primary 50.9 57.6 83.4 65.3 54.0 89.6 4,439Secondary 36.2 44.0 75.5 55.2 35.0 81.3 2,061Higher 7.5 9.9 38.4 24.0 8.2 42.5 234EmploymentNot employed 39.4 47.8 75.0 55.6 40.7 81.6 3,476Employed for cash 44.1 51.5 79.2 60.5 46.1 85.3 2,401Employed not for cash 58.8 61.2 85.9 71.9 60.7 92.9 1,775Number of decisions in whichwoman has final say 10 51.2 56.7 78.5 63.6 49.6 85.6 2,2041-2 44.0 51.9 81.6 61.1 46.3 87.6 2,9763-4 42.0 48.1 75.8 58.3 45.7 82.5 2,478Total 45.4 52.1 78.8 60.9 47.0 85.4 7,658–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Note: The total includes 6 women with missing data for employment.1Either by herself or jointly with othersCharacteristics of Respondents │ 47
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ZambiaDemographic andHealth Survey2
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This report summarises the findings
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Page3.6 Women’s Employment ......
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Page11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake amo
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PageA.7 Sample Selection ..........
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PageTable 3.11 Decision on use of e
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Table 7.7 Wanted fertility rates ..
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PageTable 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AI
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PREFACEThe Zambia Demographic and H
Page 21 and 22: FAMILY PLANNINGKnowledge of contrac
Page 23 and 24: According to mothers’ reports, ar
Page 25 and 26: ZAMBIALake TanganyikaLake MweruTanz
Page 27 and 28: The 1980s marked the start of the f
Page 29 and 30: the peripheral structures. An impor
Page 31 and 32: ing in private households in the co
Page 33 and 34: subjects agreed) received a referra
Page 35 and 36: confidentiality.Finally, in additio
Page 37 and 38: CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND2R
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2.2 Distribution of De Facto
Page 41 and 42: 2.4 EDUCATIONAL LEVEL OF HOUSEHOLD
Page 43 and 44: Figure 2.3 Percent Distribution of
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2.4 Net and Gross Attendance
Page 47 and 48: 2.5 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS ANDHOUS
Page 49 and 50: Thirty percent of households own a
Page 51 and 52: CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS3AND
Page 53 and 54: enrolment ratios suggest that educa
Page 55 and 56: 3.3 LITERACYThe ability to read is
Page 57 and 58: Figure 3.1 Youth Literacy100 Percen
Page 59 and 60: 3.5 MEN’S EMPLOYMENTMale responde
Page 61 and 62: Table 3.6 Occupation: menPercent di
Page 63 and 64: Table 3.8 Employment status: womenP
Page 65 and 66: non-agricultural occupations, since
Page 67 and 68: Table 3.12 Women’s control over e
Page 69 and 70: Table 3.14.1 Women’s participatio
Page 71: Table 3.14.2 Women’s participatio
Page 75 and 76: 3.7.3 Attitudes toward Refusing Sex
Page 77 and 78: Table 3.16.2 Men’s attitudes towa
Page 79 and 80: Table 3.17.1 Smoking of tobacco: wo
Page 81 and 82: FERTILITY4Richard Banda and Margare
Page 83 and 84: As the comparison in Figure 4.1 ind
Page 85 and 86: Figure 4.3 Total Fertility Rate by
Page 87 and 88: Table 4.4 Trends in fertility by ba
Page 89 and 90: Results from the 2001-2002 ZDHS ind
Page 91 and 92: The median birth interval is 33 mon
Page 93 and 94: 4.6 TEENAGE FERTILITYAdolescent chi
Page 95 and 96: FERTILITY REGULATION5Mika Bwembya a
Page 97 and 98: Table 5.1.2 Knowledge of contracept
Page 99 and 100: Seventy percent of currently marrie
Page 101: Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
Page 105 and 106: Table 5.7 Number of children at fir
Page 107 and 108: Table 5.10 Source of contraceptionP
Page 109 and 110: The pattern is slightly different f
Page 111 and 112: 5.14 EXPOSURE TO FAMILY PLANNING ME
Page 113 and 114: Table 5.16.1 Exposure to specific r
Page 115 and 116: Table 5.17 shows that 18 percent of
Page 117 and 118: Table 5.19 Attitudes of couples tow
Page 119 and 120: Table 6.1 shows that one-fourth of
Page 121 and 122: Table 6.3 Age at first marriagePerc
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Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
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Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
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Almost four in ten (38 percent) of
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FERTILITY PREFERENCES AND UNMET NEE
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The above results show an increase
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7.3 UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNINGW
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Figure 7.4 Unmet Need for Spacing a
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The mean ideal number of children f
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Table 7.7 shows the total wanted fe
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Fifty-nine percent of all neonatal
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Table 8.3 Early childhood mortality
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Table 8.5 Early childhood mortality
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Only 27 percent of births are in a
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MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH9Miriam Ch
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Expectant mothers should beginanten
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There are particularly sharp differ
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Table 9.5 Place of deliveryPercent
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Table 9.7 shows that only 2 percent
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Table 9.8 Postnatal carePercent dis
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Table 9.9 Visits by health workersP
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Table 9.10.2 Neighbourhood Health C
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No major variations were observed w
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Table 9.13 Vaccinations by backgrou
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Table 9.14 Prevalence of injections
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Eastern province has the highest pr
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Table 9.18 Diarrhoea treatmentPerce
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Table 9.20 Household knowledge and
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10.1.1 Use of Bednets by Children a
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Table 10.4 Use of antimalarial drug
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Luapula province has the highest pe
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INFANT FEEDING, NUTRITIONAL PRACTIC
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than half (51 percent) of the infan
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tamination after cleaning, the nipp
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11.2 COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING11.2.1 Ty
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Few children under two years of age
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Table 11.6 Iodisation of household
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11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake among C
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11.3.3 Micronutrient Supplementatio
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11.4 HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITYFood se
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Table 11.12 Nutritional status of c
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Table 11.12 indicates that children
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VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN 12Mary Kazun
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Table 12.2 Experience of beatings o
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Results show that almost eight out
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Table 12.5 Experience of sexual vio
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More than four out of ten never-mar
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AIDS/HIV/STI-RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND1
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Table 13.2 Knowledge of ways to avo
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Knowledge of HIV prevention methods
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Table 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AIDS w
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The view that HIV status of a famil
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Table 13.8 Knowledge of “Trendset
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Figure 13.1 Unmet Need for HIV Test
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Table 13.10 Men's attitudes toward
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Men in sales and services and skill
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Table 13.13 Alcohol consumption by
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Table 13.14.2 Knowledge of symptoms
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The peak age for having STI symptom
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used condoms, 34 percent took medic
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The practice of having multiple par
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Table 13.21 Use of condoms by type
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PREVALENCE OF HIV AND SYPHILIS 14Ku
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14.1.2 Coverage for HIV Testing by
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14.1.3 Approach to Weighting Syphil
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14.2 SYPHILIS PREVALENCE RATES 1Tab
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Table 14.8 Syphilis prevalence by a
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The 2001-2002 ZDHS data can be used
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Figure 14.2 illustrates the distinc
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Figure 14.3 HIV Prevalence AmongWom
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ADULT MORTALITY15Ann A. WayData col
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Table 15.2 Adult mortality ratesDir
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While again not definitive, the res
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124 | ReferencesGaisie, K., A. Cros
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SAMPLE DESIGNAppendix AA.1 INTRODUC
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Table A.2. Expected number of selec
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Similarly, a total of 2,658 potenti
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Table A.5 Sample implementation: me
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for selec
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for sele
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for sele
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DATA QUALITY TABLESAppendix CTable
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Table C.3 Completeness of reporting
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Table C.6 Reporting of age at death
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Provincial CoordinatorsMr Martin Nj
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Data Processing StaffMr Mathews Muv
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286 | Appendix E
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULENow we would like
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LINENO.USUAL RESIDENTSAND VISITORSR
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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INFORMED CONSENT FOR SYPHILIS AND H
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September 28, 20012001 ZAMBIA DEMOG
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTIONNO. QUESTION
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212 213 214 215 216 217IF ALIVE:218
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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407AWhere did the first antenatal v
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH AN
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTHNAMENAM
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH474B CH
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH480 Wha
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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SECTION 5. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTI
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. HUSBAND'S BACKGROUND AND
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SECTION 9. MATERNAL MORTALITYNO. QU
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904 What wasname given toyour oldes
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NAME OF EDITOR:____________________
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SUPERVISOR FIELD EDITOR OFFICE EDIT
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14 Have you heard of any other ways
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
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Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001-2002 - Measure DHS

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