Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001-2002 - Measure DHS

Table 3.9 Occupation: womenPercent distribution of women employed in the 12 months preceding the survey by occupation, according to background characteristics,Zambia 2001-2002–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Professional/ Sales Un- Don’t Numbertechnical/ and Skilled skilled Domestic Agri- know/ ofBackground characteristic managerial Clerical services manual manual service culture missing Total women–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Age15-19 0.8 0.5 25.4 1.9 0.0 5.9 65.1 0.5 100.0 63820-24 2.1 1.6 27.2 3.8 0.7 11.5 52.3 0.7 100.0 88725-29 6.4 2.5 27.6 6.3 0.0 12.1 44.8 0.3 100.0 89930-34 5.6 1.9 22.8 5.5 0.8 11.7 50.5 1.2 100.0 66135-39 3.6 0.9 24.1 4.7 0.0 9.9 56.1 0.7 100.0 55740-44 3.7 2.5 22.5 5.7 0.3 8.2 56.7 0.5 100.0 41245-49 6.5 0.9 20.1 3.3 0.2 10.3 58.1 0.6 100.0 330Marital statusNever married 6.6 2.7 31.2 3.4 0.5 8.5 46.6 0.5 100.0 694Married or living together 3.3 1.3 22.0 5.1 0.3 9.7 57.7 0.6 100.0 2,927Divorced/separated/widowed 4.1 1.8 30.6 3.6 0.2 14.0 44.8 0.8 100.0 763Number of living children0 5.3 3.1 26.1 4.4 0.6 9.2 50.2 1.1 100.0 8101-2 5.1 1.3 27.3 4.5 0.2 10.8 50.4 0.4 100.0 1,4523-4 2.3 1.7 24.9 4.8 0.3 10.6 55.1 0.2 100.0 1,0425+ 3.1 0.7 21.1 4.6 0.3 10.0 59.3 0.8 100.0 1,079ResidenceUrban 7.9 4.5 42.4 7.4 0.6 22.6 13.3 1.3 100.0 1,504Rural 1.9 0.1 15.9 3.1 0.1 3.8 74.8 0.3 100.0 2,879ProvinceCentral 4.1 1.4 21.8 4.3 0.2 5.4 62.4 0.5 100.0 400Copperbelt 7.7 2.2 30.6 3.5 0.4 26.7 28.2 0.7 100.0 746Eastern 13.5 1.0 35.5 7.5 1.0 8.0 33.5 0.0 100.0 207Luapula 0.9 0.0 5.2 2.4 0.0 1.7 89.8 0.0 100.0 573Lusaka 6.3 6.3 53.3 10.1 0.6 18.8 2.3 2.1 100.0 597Northern 0.8 0.3 7.7 1.3 0.0 4.4 85.0 0.6 100.0 774North-Western 2.9 0.2 11.7 2.3 0.0 3.7 78.8 0.4 100.0 207Southern 4.6 1.1 38.7 8.8 0.7 10.2 35.6 0.4 100.0 327Western 0.6 0.4 26.7 4.2 0.2 2.8 65.1 0.2 100.0 553EducationNo education 0.2 0.0 19.3 1.6 0.0 3.1 75.6 0.2 100.0 552Primary 0.3 0.3 24.2 3.8 0.2 8.4 62.0 0.7 100.0 2,687Secondary 5.2 3.6 33.8 8.7 0.7 19.9 27.4 0.7 100.0 960Higher 62.6 15.5 6.7 3.0 0.0 8.1 4.1 0.0 100.0 185Total 4.0 1.6 25.0 4.6 0.3 10.3 53.7 0.6 100.0 4,384Table 3.9 further shows that most working women (75 percent) in rural areas are engaged in agriculturalactivities compared with 13 percent in urban areas. A large majority (85 percent) of women inurban areas work in non-agricultural activities with 42 percent in sales and services followed by those indomestic service who constitute 23 percent. It is apparent from Table 3.9 that the likelihood of women’sparticipation in professional, technical or managerial jobs, sales and services, and clerical increases withrising education levels.3.6.3 Earnings, Type of Employer, and Continuity of EmploymentIt is commonly acknowledged that women’s reproductive and domestic role (housework, foodpreparation, and caring for the young, old and disabled family members) is generally perceived to be theirprimary function, restricting their time and mobility for productive work (ILO, 1995). Most women arethus constrained to choose income-earning activities, which can be combined with child care and householdwork.Table 3.10 presents information on women’s employment status, the form of earnings and thecontinuity of employment. The table takes into account whether women are involved in agricultural or38 │ Characteristics of Respondents