Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001-2002 - Measure DHS

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Western province (27 percent), Copperbelt (24 percent), and Lusaka province (23 percent) have thehighest percentage of households where members were denied care from a health facility because they couldnot pay. Central province (15 percent) has the lowest proportion of such households.In 23 percent of all households, members could not obtain medicine because they could not afford topay (33 percent in urban areas and 17 percent in rural areas).The highest proportion of households where members could not afford to pay for medicine is found inLusaka (40 percent), followed by Copperbelt (28 percent) and Central province (23 percent). The lowestproportion is found in North-Western province (11 percent).Table 2.9 Inability to pay for medical carePercentage of households in which members were deniedmedical care or did not get prescribed medicine due toinability to pay, by background characteristics, Zambia 2001-2002–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––DeniedNumbercare from Could not ofBackground a health afford housecharacteristicfacility medicine holds–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––ResidenceUrban 22.1 32.5 2,437Rural 20.0 17.2 4,689ProvinceCentral 15.2 23.0 490Copperbelt 23.5 27.7 1,221Eastern 22.9 19.0 999Luapula 17.8 19.8 652Lusaka 23.2 39.8 976Northern 15.6 12.8 1,028North-Western 17.6 11.2 371Southern 19.2 17.9 734Western 26.7 21.0 656Total 20.7 22.5 7,12624 | Characteristics of Households and Respondents
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS3AND WOMEN’S CHARACTERISTICSSheila S. MudendaThe objective of this chapter is to provide a demographic and socioeconomic profile of respondentsin the 2001-2002 Zambia DHS. Information on the basic characteristics of women and men interviewedin the survey is essential for the interpretation of findings presented later in the report and canprovide an approximate indication of the representativeness of the survey.The chapter begins by describing basic background characteristics, including age, marital status,educational level, and residential characteristics. This is followed by more detailed information on education,literacy, and exposure to mass media. Next, data on the employment and earnings of women, decisionmaking in the household and attitudes on women's position in relation to others in the household arepresented. Last, data on tobacco use are provided as a lifestyle measure.3.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF SURVEY RESPONDENTSThe percent distributions of women age 15-49 and of men age 15-59 interviewed in the 2001-2002 ZDHS by key background characteristics, including age, marital status, urban-rural residence, placeof residence, and educational level, are presented in Table 3.1. A high proportion of the respondents areyouths (i.e., 15-24 years). The proportion in each age group tends to decrease with increasing age.Table 3.1 shows that most of the respondents were married, although the proportion of marriedwomen is higher than that of men by almost 3 percentage points. Not surprisingly, about a quarter of femalerespondents had never been married compared with over a third (36 percent) of male respondents.Data in chapter 6 of this report affirm that men marry later (23 years) than women (18 years). Table 3.1also shows that the proportion of female respondents who are divorced/separated at the time of the surveyis higher than for male respondents (9 and 4 percent, respectively), presumably because men are morelikely to remarry than women.The majority (60 percent) of both women and men interviewed live in rural areas. The largestshare of both female and male respondents is from the Copperbelt province (20 and 21 percent, respectively),with the smallest share recorded in North-Western province (5 percent and 4 percent, respectively).Table 3.1 further shows that there are more educated men than women. For both sexes, the majorityof those who have been to school have only completed primary school (58 percent of women and51 percent of men). Only 5 percent of men report no education versus 12 percent of women. Forty-fourpercent of men have had at least some secondary education versus only 30 percent of women.Table 3.1 also shows that the majority of women (75 percent) and men (72 percent) are Protestant,followed by Catholic (23 percent and 24 percent, respectively). The most common ethnic groupamong both women (36 percent) and men (35 percent) is Bemba, followed by Nyanja (17 percent each).3.2 EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEducational attainment is generally one of the key indicators of the status of women. As stated inan International Labour Organisation (ILO) briefing kit, large educational differentials between men andwomen tend to sustain a perpetual gender inequality within the family and in society at large. Data onCharacteristics of Respondents │ 25
Page 1: ZambiaDemographic andHealth Survey2
Page 4 and 5: This report summarises the findings
Page 6: Page3.6 Women’s Employment ......
Page 9 and 10: Page11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake amo
Page 11 and 12: PageA.7 Sample Selection ..........
Page 13 and 14: PageTable 3.11 Decision on use of e
Page 15 and 16: Table 7.7 Wanted fertility rates ..
Page 17 and 18: PageTable 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AI
Page 19 and 20: PREFACEThe Zambia Demographic and H
Page 21 and 22: FAMILY PLANNINGKnowledge of contrac
Page 23 and 24: According to mothers’ reports, ar
Page 25 and 26: ZAMBIALake TanganyikaLake MweruTanz
Page 27 and 28: The 1980s marked the start of the f
Page 29 and 30: the peripheral structures. An impor
Page 31 and 32: ing in private households in the co
Page 33 and 34: subjects agreed) received a referra
Page 35 and 36: confidentiality.Finally, in additio
Page 37 and 38: CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND2R
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2.2 Distribution of De Facto
Page 41 and 42: 2.4 EDUCATIONAL LEVEL OF HOUSEHOLD
Page 43 and 44: Figure 2.3 Percent Distribution of
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2.4 Net and Gross Attendance
Page 47 and 48: 2.5 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS ANDHOUS
Page 49: Thirty percent of households own a
Page 53 and 54: enrolment ratios suggest that educa
Page 55 and 56: 3.3 LITERACYThe ability to read is
Page 57 and 58: Figure 3.1 Youth Literacy100 Percen
Page 59 and 60: 3.5 MEN’S EMPLOYMENTMale responde
Page 61 and 62: Table 3.6 Occupation: menPercent di
Page 63 and 64: Table 3.8 Employment status: womenP
Page 65 and 66: non-agricultural occupations, since
Page 67 and 68: Table 3.12 Women’s control over e
Page 69 and 70: Table 3.14.1 Women’s participatio
Page 71 and 72: Table 3.14.2 Women’s participatio
Page 73 and 74: Table 3.15.1 Women’s attitudes to
Page 75 and 76: 3.7.3 Attitudes toward Refusing Sex
Page 77 and 78: Table 3.16.2 Men’s attitudes towa
Page 79 and 80: Table 3.17.1 Smoking of tobacco: wo
Page 81 and 82: FERTILITY4Richard Banda and Margare
Page 83 and 84: As the comparison in Figure 4.1 ind
Page 85 and 86: Figure 4.3 Total Fertility Rate by
Page 87 and 88: Table 4.4 Trends in fertility by ba
Page 89 and 90: Results from the 2001-2002 ZDHS ind
Page 91 and 92: The median birth interval is 33 mon
Page 93 and 94: 4.6 TEENAGE FERTILITYAdolescent chi
Page 95 and 96: FERTILITY REGULATION5Mika Bwembya a
Page 97 and 98: Table 5.1.2 Knowledge of contracept
Page 99 and 100: Seventy percent of currently marrie
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Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
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Table 5.7 Number of children at fir
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Table 5.10 Source of contraceptionP
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The pattern is slightly different f
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5.14 EXPOSURE TO FAMILY PLANNING ME
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Table 5.16.1 Exposure to specific r
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Table 5.17 shows that 18 percent of
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Table 5.19 Attitudes of couples tow
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Table 6.1 shows that one-fourth of
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Table 6.3 Age at first marriagePerc
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Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
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Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
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Almost four in ten (38 percent) of
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FERTILITY PREFERENCES AND UNMET NEE
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The above results show an increase
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7.3 UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNINGW
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Figure 7.4 Unmet Need for Spacing a
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The mean ideal number of children f
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Table 7.7 shows the total wanted fe
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Fifty-nine percent of all neonatal
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Table 8.3 Early childhood mortality
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Table 8.5 Early childhood mortality
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Only 27 percent of births are in a
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MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH9Miriam Ch
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Expectant mothers should beginanten
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There are particularly sharp differ
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Table 9.5 Place of deliveryPercent
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Table 9.7 shows that only 2 percent
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Table 9.8 Postnatal carePercent dis
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Table 9.9 Visits by health workersP
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Table 9.10.2 Neighbourhood Health C
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No major variations were observed w
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Table 9.13 Vaccinations by backgrou
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Table 9.14 Prevalence of injections
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Eastern province has the highest pr
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Table 9.18 Diarrhoea treatmentPerce
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Table 9.20 Household knowledge and
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10.1.1 Use of Bednets by Children a
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Table 10.4 Use of antimalarial drug
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Luapula province has the highest pe
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INFANT FEEDING, NUTRITIONAL PRACTIC
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than half (51 percent) of the infan
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tamination after cleaning, the nipp
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11.2 COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING11.2.1 Ty
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Few children under two years of age
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Table 11.6 Iodisation of household
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11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake among C
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11.3.3 Micronutrient Supplementatio
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11.4 HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITYFood se
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Table 11.12 Nutritional status of c
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Table 11.12 indicates that children
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VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN 12Mary Kazun
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Table 12.2 Experience of beatings o
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Results show that almost eight out
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Table 12.5 Experience of sexual vio
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More than four out of ten never-mar
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AIDS/HIV/STI-RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND1
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Table 13.2 Knowledge of ways to avo
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Knowledge of HIV prevention methods
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Table 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AIDS w
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The view that HIV status of a famil
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Table 13.8 Knowledge of “Trendset
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Figure 13.1 Unmet Need for HIV Test
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Table 13.10 Men's attitudes toward
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Men in sales and services and skill
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Table 13.13 Alcohol consumption by
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Table 13.14.2 Knowledge of symptoms
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The peak age for having STI symptom
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used condoms, 34 percent took medic
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The practice of having multiple par
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Table 13.21 Use of condoms by type
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PREVALENCE OF HIV AND SYPHILIS 14Ku
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14.1.2 Coverage for HIV Testing by
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14.1.3 Approach to Weighting Syphil
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14.2 SYPHILIS PREVALENCE RATES 1Tab
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Table 14.8 Syphilis prevalence by a
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The 2001-2002 ZDHS data can be used
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Figure 14.2 illustrates the distinc
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Figure 14.3 HIV Prevalence AmongWom
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ADULT MORTALITY15Ann A. WayData col
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Table 15.2 Adult mortality ratesDir
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While again not definitive, the res
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124 | ReferencesGaisie, K., A. Cros
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SAMPLE DESIGNAppendix AA.1 INTRODUC
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Table A.2. Expected number of selec
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Similarly, a total of 2,658 potenti
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Table A.5 Sample implementation: me
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for selec
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for sele
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for sele
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DATA QUALITY TABLESAppendix CTable
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Table C.3 Completeness of reporting
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Table C.6 Reporting of age at death
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Provincial CoordinatorsMr Martin Nj
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Data Processing StaffMr Mathews Muv
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286 | Appendix E
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULENow we would like
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LINENO.USUAL RESIDENTSAND VISITORSR
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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INFORMED CONSENT FOR SYPHILIS AND H
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September 28, 20012001 ZAMBIA DEMOG
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTIONNO. QUESTION
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212 213 214 215 216 217IF ALIVE:218
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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407AWhere did the first antenatal v
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH AN
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTHNAMENAM
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH474B CH
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH480 Wha
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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SECTION 5. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTI
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. HUSBAND'S BACKGROUND AND
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SECTION 9. MATERNAL MORTALITYNO. QU
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904 What wasname given toyour oldes
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NAME OF EDITOR:____________________
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SUPERVISOR FIELD EDITOR OFFICE EDIT
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14 Have you heard of any other ways
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
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