Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001-2002 - Measure DHS

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Provincial differentials indicate that Luapula province has the highest repetition rate for all primaryschool grades (1-7) followed by Northern province. The high repetition rate in Luapula province may explainthe low dropout rate in this province.Table 2.6 Grade repetition and dropout ratesRepetition and dropout rates for the de jure household population age 5-24 years byschool grade, according to background characteristics, Zambia 2001-2002School gradeBackgroundcharacteristic 1 2 3 4 5 6 7REPETITION RATE 1SexMale 6.1 6.1 5.7 5.1 2.7 3.6 9.0Female 7.8 6.5 2.6 2.5 3.5 5.0 4.7ResidenceUrban 1.8 3.4 2.2 0.9 1.2 1.0 3.6Rural 9.6 8.0 5.6 5.8 4.7 7.2 10.5ProvinceCentral 4.3 5.1 2.9 3.6 5.7 3.8 12.9Copperbelt 1.4 1.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 2.8Eastern 8.1 7.7 4.1 0.0 0.0 (5.6) (4.2)Luapula 27.7 18.9 17.6 (24.5) (10.8) (23.5) *Lusaka 2.0 4.5 0.8 1.0 0.0 1.1 5.5Northern 14.8 13.9 11.1 11.8 10.9 13.3 12.3North-Western 5.6 8.1 7.8 2.4 4.5 3.1 4.2Southern 0.7 1.7 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 5.5Western 3.5 1.2 2.4 0.0 (0.0) (0.0) *Total 6.9 6.3 4.3 3.9 3.1 4.2 6.9DROPOUT RATE 2SexMale 1.2 3.7 2.1 3.2 4.3 3.9 18.7Female 3.2 2.4 3.5 4.9 2.9 5.8 15.1ResidenceUrban 1.5 1.9 1.8 3.9 2.0 4.2 13.4Rural 2.4 3.8 3.3 4.1 5.1 5.2 20.7ProvinceCentral 0.6 0.0 0.0 3.6 4.1 1.9 12.9Copperbelt 6.1 7.6 4.9 7.3 5.8 6.8 19.8Eastern 2.0 5.6 4.1 6.0 2.6 (5.6) (12.5)Luapula 0.0 0.0 0.0 (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) *Lusaka 2.0 1.5 2.5 3.0 0.9 3.4 17.8Northern 1.3 1.1 1.9 2.1 1.7 4.8 15.1North-Western 0.5 0.0 1.2 0.8 0.0 1.0 1.4Southern 1.4 2.6 4.7 6.1 9.1 7.7 (29.1)Western 0.9 1.2 1.2 0.0 (2.2) (2.4) *Total 2.1 3.1 2.8 4.0 3.7 4.7 17.0Note: Figures in parentheses are based on 25-49 unweighted cases; an asterisk indicatesthat a figure is based on fewer than 25 unweighted cases and has been suppressed.1 The repetition rate is the percentage of students in a given grade in the previous schoolyear who are repeating that grade in the current school year.2 The dropout rate is the percentage of students in a given grade in the previous schoolyear who are not attending school.20 | Characteristics of Households and Respondents
2.5 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS ANDHOUSEHOLD POSSESSIONSThe physical characteristics of households areimportant in assessing the general socioeconomic statusof the population. ZDHS respondents were asked abouttheir household environment, including access toelectricity, sources of drinking water, time to watersources, type of toilet facilities and floor materials, andpossession of various durable goods. This information issummarised in Tables 2.7 and 2.8.The proportion of households with electricity is45 percent in urban areas and 3 percent in rural areaswith a combined proportion of 17 percent nationwide(Figure 2.5). The data show that there has been noimprovement in electrification during the 1990s, withless than one in five households having electricity.There has been some increase in urban areas, from 39 to45 percent of households between 1992 and 2001-2002.Source of Drinking WaterWater quality has a strong impact on the healthof household members, especially young children. Ahousehold’s source of drinking water is importantbecause potentially fatal diseases, including typhoid,cholera, and dysentery, are prevalent in unprotectedsources. Sources of water expected to be relatively freeof these diseases are piped water and water drawn fromprotected wells and deep boreholes. Other sources, likeunprotected wells and surface water (rivers, streams,ponds, and lakes), are more likely to carry diseasecausingagents.The most common sources of drinking water forZambian households are open wells, protected wells,public taps, rivers and streams. In urban areas mostdrinking water comes from piped sources. In rural areasmost of the water comes from public wells, rivers, andstreams. This pattern is similar to findings from the1992 and 1996 ZDHS surveys.On average, households in urban areas take lessthan 2 minutes to reach their source of water, comparedwith 10 minutes for rural households. Seventy-eightpercent of households in urban areas take less than 15minutes to reach their source of drinking watercompared with 50 percent of households in rural areas.Table 2.7 Household characteristicsPercent distribution of households by household characteristics,according to residence, Zambia 2001–2002ResidenceHousehold characteristic Urban Rural TotalElectricityYes 45.1 2.9 17.4No 54.9 97.0 82.6Total 100.0 100.0 100.0Source of drinking waterPiped into dwelling 19.3 1.0 7.3Piped into yard/plot 22.8 1.3 8.6Communal tap 38.2 4.2 15.8Piped to neighbour 1.3 0.0 0.5Open well in yard/plot 2.9 3.3 3.1Open public well 4.8 36.2 25.5Open well at neighbour 0.5 0.2 0.3Protected well in yard/plot 2.9 2.2 2.5Protected public well 5.2 22.5 16.6Spring 0.0 2.1 1.4River/Stream 0.9 23.2 15.6Pond/Lake/Dam 0.7 3.5 2.6Rainwater 0.0 0.1 0.1Tanker truck 0.1 0.0 0.0Bottled water 0.1 0.0 0.0Other 0.3 0.1 0.1Total 100.0 100.0 100.0Time to water sourcePercentage
Page 1: ZambiaDemographic andHealth Survey2
Page 4 and 5: This report summarises the findings
Page 6: Page3.6 Women’s Employment ......
Page 9 and 10: Page11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake amo
Page 11 and 12: PageA.7 Sample Selection ..........
Page 13 and 14: PageTable 3.11 Decision on use of e
Page 15 and 16: Table 7.7 Wanted fertility rates ..
Page 17 and 18: PageTable 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AI
Page 19 and 20: PREFACEThe Zambia Demographic and H
Page 21 and 22: FAMILY PLANNINGKnowledge of contrac
Page 23 and 24: According to mothers’ reports, ar
Page 25 and 26: ZAMBIALake TanganyikaLake MweruTanz
Page 27 and 28: The 1980s marked the start of the f
Page 29 and 30: the peripheral structures. An impor
Page 31 and 32: ing in private households in the co
Page 33 and 34: subjects agreed) received a referra
Page 35 and 36: confidentiality.Finally, in additio
Page 37 and 38: CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND2R
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2.2 Distribution of De Facto
Page 41 and 42: 2.4 EDUCATIONAL LEVEL OF HOUSEHOLD
Page 43 and 44: Figure 2.3 Percent Distribution of
Page 45: Figure 2.4 Net and Gross Attendance
Page 49 and 50: Thirty percent of households own a
Page 51 and 52: CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS3AND
Page 53 and 54: enrolment ratios suggest that educa
Page 55 and 56: 3.3 LITERACYThe ability to read is
Page 57 and 58: Figure 3.1 Youth Literacy100 Percen
Page 59 and 60: 3.5 MEN’S EMPLOYMENTMale responde
Page 61 and 62: Table 3.6 Occupation: menPercent di
Page 63 and 64: Table 3.8 Employment status: womenP
Page 65 and 66: non-agricultural occupations, since
Page 67 and 68: Table 3.12 Women’s control over e
Page 69 and 70: Table 3.14.1 Women’s participatio
Page 71 and 72: Table 3.14.2 Women’s participatio
Page 73 and 74: Table 3.15.1 Women’s attitudes to
Page 75 and 76: 3.7.3 Attitudes toward Refusing Sex
Page 77 and 78: Table 3.16.2 Men’s attitudes towa
Page 79 and 80: Table 3.17.1 Smoking of tobacco: wo
Page 81 and 82: FERTILITY4Richard Banda and Margare
Page 83 and 84: As the comparison in Figure 4.1 ind
Page 85 and 86: Figure 4.3 Total Fertility Rate by
Page 87 and 88: Table 4.4 Trends in fertility by ba
Page 89 and 90: Results from the 2001-2002 ZDHS ind
Page 91 and 92: The median birth interval is 33 mon
Page 93 and 94: 4.6 TEENAGE FERTILITYAdolescent chi
Page 95 and 96: FERTILITY REGULATION5Mika Bwembya a
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Table 5.1.2 Knowledge of contracept
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Seventy percent of currently marrie
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Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
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Table 5.7 Number of children at fir
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Table 5.10 Source of contraceptionP
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The pattern is slightly different f
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5.14 EXPOSURE TO FAMILY PLANNING ME
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Table 5.16.1 Exposure to specific r
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Table 5.17 shows that 18 percent of
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Table 5.19 Attitudes of couples tow
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Table 6.1 shows that one-fourth of
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Table 6.3 Age at first marriagePerc
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Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
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Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
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Almost four in ten (38 percent) of
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FERTILITY PREFERENCES AND UNMET NEE
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The above results show an increase
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7.3 UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNINGW
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Figure 7.4 Unmet Need for Spacing a
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The mean ideal number of children f
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Table 7.7 shows the total wanted fe
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Fifty-nine percent of all neonatal
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Table 8.3 Early childhood mortality
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Table 8.5 Early childhood mortality
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Only 27 percent of births are in a
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MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH9Miriam Ch
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Expectant mothers should beginanten
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There are particularly sharp differ
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Table 9.5 Place of deliveryPercent
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Table 9.7 shows that only 2 percent
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Table 9.8 Postnatal carePercent dis
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Table 9.9 Visits by health workersP
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Table 9.10.2 Neighbourhood Health C
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No major variations were observed w
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Table 9.13 Vaccinations by backgrou
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Table 9.14 Prevalence of injections
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Eastern province has the highest pr
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Table 9.18 Diarrhoea treatmentPerce
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Table 9.20 Household knowledge and
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10.1.1 Use of Bednets by Children a
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Table 10.4 Use of antimalarial drug
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Luapula province has the highest pe
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INFANT FEEDING, NUTRITIONAL PRACTIC
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than half (51 percent) of the infan
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tamination after cleaning, the nipp
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11.2 COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING11.2.1 Ty
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Few children under two years of age
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Table 11.6 Iodisation of household
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11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake among C
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11.3.3 Micronutrient Supplementatio
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11.4 HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITYFood se
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Table 11.12 Nutritional status of c
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Table 11.12 indicates that children
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VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN 12Mary Kazun
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Table 12.2 Experience of beatings o
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Results show that almost eight out
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Table 12.5 Experience of sexual vio
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More than four out of ten never-mar
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AIDS/HIV/STI-RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND1
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Table 13.2 Knowledge of ways to avo
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Knowledge of HIV prevention methods
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Table 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AIDS w
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The view that HIV status of a famil
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Table 13.8 Knowledge of “Trendset
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Figure 13.1 Unmet Need for HIV Test
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Table 13.10 Men's attitudes toward
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Men in sales and services and skill
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Table 13.13 Alcohol consumption by
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Table 13.14.2 Knowledge of symptoms
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The peak age for having STI symptom
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used condoms, 34 percent took medic
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The practice of having multiple par
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Table 13.21 Use of condoms by type
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PREVALENCE OF HIV AND SYPHILIS 14Ku
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14.1.2 Coverage for HIV Testing by
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14.1.3 Approach to Weighting Syphil
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14.2 SYPHILIS PREVALENCE RATES 1Tab
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Table 14.8 Syphilis prevalence by a
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The 2001-2002 ZDHS data can be used
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Figure 14.2 illustrates the distinc
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Figure 14.3 HIV Prevalence AmongWom
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ADULT MORTALITY15Ann A. WayData col
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Table 15.2 Adult mortality ratesDir
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While again not definitive, the res
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124 | ReferencesGaisie, K., A. Cros
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SAMPLE DESIGNAppendix AA.1 INTRODUC
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Table A.2. Expected number of selec
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Similarly, a total of 2,658 potenti
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Table A.5 Sample implementation: me
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for selec
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for sele
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for sele
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DATA QUALITY TABLESAppendix CTable
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Table C.3 Completeness of reporting
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Table C.6 Reporting of age at death
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Provincial CoordinatorsMr Martin Nj
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Data Processing StaffMr Mathews Muv
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286 | Appendix E
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULENow we would like
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LINENO.USUAL RESIDENTSAND VISITORSR
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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INFORMED CONSENT FOR SYPHILIS AND H
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September 28, 20012001 ZAMBIA DEMOG
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTIONNO. QUESTION
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212 213 214 215 216 217IF ALIVE:218
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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407AWhere did the first antenatal v
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH AN
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTHNAMENAM
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH474B CH
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH480 Wha
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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SECTION 5. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTI
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. HUSBAND'S BACKGROUND AND
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SECTION 9. MATERNAL MORTALITYNO. QU
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904 What wasname given toyour oldes
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NAME OF EDITOR:____________________
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SUPERVISOR FIELD EDITOR OFFICE EDIT
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14 Have you heard of any other ways
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
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Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001-2002 - Measure DHS

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