Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001-2002 - Measure DHS

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This report summarises the findings of the 2001-2002 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) carriedout by the Central Statistical Office in partnership with the Central Board of Health. ORC Macro provided financial andtechnical assistance for the survey through the USAID-funded MEASURE DHS+ programme, which is designed toassist developing countries to collect data on fertility, family planning, and maternal and child health. Additional fundingfor the ZDHS was received from the Government of Japan through a trust fund managed by the United NationsDevelopment Programme (UNDP) and through bilateral agreements between the Government of the Republic of Zambiaand the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA). Theopinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID, UNDP, UNFPA orDANIDA.Additional information about the ZDHS may be obtained from the Central Statistical Office, P.O. Box 31908,Lusaka, Tel: 260-1-251377/85; fax: 260-1253468. Additional information about the MEASURE DHS+ project may beobtained by contacting: MEASURE DHS+, ORC Macro, 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300, Calverton, MD 20705(telephone 301-572-0200; fax 301-572-0999; e-mail: reports@macroint.com; internet: www.measuredhs.com).Suggested citation:Central Statistical Office [Zambia], Central Board of Health [Zambia], and ORC Macro. 2003. Zambia Demographic andHealth Survey 2001-2002. Calverton, Maryland, USA: Central Statistical Office, Central Board of Health, and ORCMacro.
CONTENTSTables and Figures ............................................................................................................................xiPreface ........................................................................................................................................... xixSummary of Findings ...................................................................................................................... xxiMap of Zambia............................................................................................................................. xxviPageCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTIONKumbutso Dzekedzeke and Chanda Mulenga1.1 History, Geography, and Economy ............................................................................11.2 Population.................................................................................................................21.3 The Population Policy and National Population and Development Programme..........31.4 Health Priorities and Programmes..............................................................................41.6 Objectives and Organisation of the Survey.................................................................51.7 Sample Design...........................................................................................................61.8 Questionnaires ..........................................................................................................61.9 Syphilis and HIV Testing ............................................................................................71.10 Pretest Activities, Training, and Fieldwork ..................................................................81.11 Data Processing .......................................................................................................101.12 Response Rates........................................................................................................10CHAPTER 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND RESPONDENTSPatrick Mumba Chewe2.1 Population by Age and Sex ......................................................................................112.2 Household Composition..........................................................................................132.3 Children’s Living Arrangements and Parental Survival ..............................................142.4 Educational Level of Household Population .............................................................152.5 Housing Characteristics and Household Possessions.................................................212.6 Household Durable Goods ......................................................................................222.7 Access to Health Care..............................................................................................23CHAPTER 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS AND WOMEN’S CHARACTERISTICSSheila S. Mudenda3.1 Characteristics of Survey Respondents .....................................................................253.2 Educational Attainment............................................................................................253.3 Literacy....................................................................................................................293.4 Access to Mass Media..............................................................................................313.5 Men’s Employment..................................................................................................33Contents | iii
Page 1: ZambiaDemographic andHealth Survey2
Page 6: Page3.6 Women’s Employment ......
Page 9 and 10: Page11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake amo
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Page 13 and 14: PageTable 3.11 Decision on use of e
Page 15 and 16: Table 7.7 Wanted fertility rates ..
Page 17 and 18: PageTable 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AI
Page 19 and 20: PREFACEThe Zambia Demographic and H
Page 21 and 22: FAMILY PLANNINGKnowledge of contrac
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Page 25 and 26: ZAMBIALake TanganyikaLake MweruTanz
Page 27 and 28: The 1980s marked the start of the f
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Page 31 and 32: ing in private households in the co
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Page 37 and 38: CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND2R
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2.2 Distribution of De Facto
Page 41 and 42: 2.4 EDUCATIONAL LEVEL OF HOUSEHOLD
Page 43 and 44: Figure 2.3 Percent Distribution of
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2.4 Net and Gross Attendance
Page 47 and 48: 2.5 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS ANDHOUS
Page 49 and 50: Thirty percent of households own a
Page 51 and 52: CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS3AND
Page 53 and 54: enrolment ratios suggest that educa
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3.3 LITERACYThe ability to read is
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Figure 3.1 Youth Literacy100 Percen
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3.5 MEN’S EMPLOYMENTMale responde
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Table 3.6 Occupation: menPercent di
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Table 3.8 Employment status: womenP
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non-agricultural occupations, since
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Table 3.12 Women’s control over e
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Table 3.14.1 Women’s participatio
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Table 3.14.2 Women’s participatio
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Table 3.15.1 Women’s attitudes to
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3.7.3 Attitudes toward Refusing Sex
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Table 3.16.2 Men’s attitudes towa
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Table 3.17.1 Smoking of tobacco: wo
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FERTILITY4Richard Banda and Margare
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As the comparison in Figure 4.1 ind
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Figure 4.3 Total Fertility Rate by
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Table 4.4 Trends in fertility by ba
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Results from the 2001-2002 ZDHS ind
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The median birth interval is 33 mon
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4.6 TEENAGE FERTILITYAdolescent chi
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FERTILITY REGULATION5Mika Bwembya a
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Table 5.1.2 Knowledge of contracept
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Seventy percent of currently marrie
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Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
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Table 5.7 Number of children at fir
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Table 5.10 Source of contraceptionP
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The pattern is slightly different f
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5.14 EXPOSURE TO FAMILY PLANNING ME
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Table 5.16.1 Exposure to specific r
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Table 5.17 shows that 18 percent of
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Table 5.19 Attitudes of couples tow
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Table 6.1 shows that one-fourth of
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Table 6.3 Age at first marriagePerc
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Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
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Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
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Almost four in ten (38 percent) of
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FERTILITY PREFERENCES AND UNMET NEE
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The above results show an increase
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7.3 UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNINGW
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Figure 7.4 Unmet Need for Spacing a
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The mean ideal number of children f
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Table 7.7 shows the total wanted fe
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Fifty-nine percent of all neonatal
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Table 8.3 Early childhood mortality
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Table 8.5 Early childhood mortality
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Only 27 percent of births are in a
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MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH9Miriam Ch
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Expectant mothers should beginanten
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There are particularly sharp differ
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Table 9.5 Place of deliveryPercent
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Table 9.7 shows that only 2 percent
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Table 9.8 Postnatal carePercent dis
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Table 9.9 Visits by health workersP
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Table 9.10.2 Neighbourhood Health C
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No major variations were observed w
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Table 9.13 Vaccinations by backgrou
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Table 9.14 Prevalence of injections
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Eastern province has the highest pr
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Table 9.18 Diarrhoea treatmentPerce
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Table 9.20 Household knowledge and
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10.1.1 Use of Bednets by Children a
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Table 10.4 Use of antimalarial drug
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Luapula province has the highest pe
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INFANT FEEDING, NUTRITIONAL PRACTIC
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than half (51 percent) of the infan
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tamination after cleaning, the nipp
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11.2 COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING11.2.1 Ty
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Few children under two years of age
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Table 11.6 Iodisation of household
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11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake among C
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11.3.3 Micronutrient Supplementatio
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11.4 HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITYFood se
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Table 11.12 Nutritional status of c
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Table 11.12 indicates that children
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VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN 12Mary Kazun
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Table 12.2 Experience of beatings o
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Results show that almost eight out
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Table 12.5 Experience of sexual vio
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More than four out of ten never-mar
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AIDS/HIV/STI-RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND1
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Table 13.2 Knowledge of ways to avo
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Knowledge of HIV prevention methods
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Table 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AIDS w
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The view that HIV status of a famil
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Table 13.8 Knowledge of “Trendset
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Figure 13.1 Unmet Need for HIV Test
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Table 13.10 Men's attitudes toward
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Men in sales and services and skill
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Table 13.13 Alcohol consumption by
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Table 13.14.2 Knowledge of symptoms
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The peak age for having STI symptom
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used condoms, 34 percent took medic
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The practice of having multiple par
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Table 13.21 Use of condoms by type
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PREVALENCE OF HIV AND SYPHILIS 14Ku
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14.1.2 Coverage for HIV Testing by
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14.1.3 Approach to Weighting Syphil
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14.2 SYPHILIS PREVALENCE RATES 1Tab
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Table 14.8 Syphilis prevalence by a
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The 2001-2002 ZDHS data can be used
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Figure 14.2 illustrates the distinc
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Figure 14.3 HIV Prevalence AmongWom
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ADULT MORTALITY15Ann A. WayData col
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Table 15.2 Adult mortality ratesDir
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While again not definitive, the res
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124 | ReferencesGaisie, K., A. Cros
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SAMPLE DESIGNAppendix AA.1 INTRODUC
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Table A.2. Expected number of selec
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Similarly, a total of 2,658 potenti
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Table A.5 Sample implementation: me
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for selec
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for sele
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for sele
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DATA QUALITY TABLESAppendix CTable
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Table C.3 Completeness of reporting
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Table C.6 Reporting of age at death
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Provincial CoordinatorsMr Martin Nj
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Data Processing StaffMr Mathews Muv
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286 | Appendix E
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULENow we would like
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LINENO.USUAL RESIDENTSAND VISITORSR
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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INFORMED CONSENT FOR SYPHILIS AND H
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September 28, 20012001 ZAMBIA DEMOG
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTIONNO. QUESTION
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212 213 214 215 216 217IF ALIVE:218
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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407AWhere did the first antenatal v
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH AN
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTHNAMENAM
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH474B CH
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH480 Wha
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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SECTION 5. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTI
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. HUSBAND'S BACKGROUND AND
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SECTION 9. MATERNAL MORTALITYNO. QU
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904 What wasname given toyour oldes
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NAME OF EDITOR:____________________
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SUPERVISOR FIELD EDITOR OFFICE EDIT
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14 Have you heard of any other ways
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
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