Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001-2002 - Measure DHS

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Table 15.1 Completeness of reporting on siblingsNumber of siblings reported by female survey respondents and completeness of reported data on sibling age, ageat death (AD) and years since death (YSD), Zambia 2001-2002Survival status of siblingsand completeness ofSisters Brothers All siblingsreporting Number Percentage Number Percentage Number PercentageAll siblings 23,721 100.0 24,035 100.0 47,755 100.0Living 18,955 79.9 18,938 78.8 37,893 79.3Dead 4,761 20.1 5,093 21.2 9,853 20.6Status missing 5 0.0 4 0.0 9 0.0Living siblings 18,955 100.0 18,938 100.0 37,893 100.0Age reported 18,939 99.9 18,912 99.9 37,850 99.9Age missing 17 0.1 26 0.1 43 0.1Dead siblings 4,761 100.0 5,093 100.0 9,853 100.0AD and YSD reported 4,721 99.2 5,046 99.1 9,767 99.1AD missing 28 0.6 36 0.7 64 0.7YSD missing 4 0.1 2 0.0 6 0.1AD and YSD missing 7 0.1 9 0.2 16 0.2siblings have both age at death and years since death reported. Rather than exclude the small number ofsiblings with missing data from further analysis, information on the birth order of siblings in conjunctionwith other information was used to impute the missing data. 1 The sibling survivorship data, includingcases with imputed values, were used in the direct estimation of adult and maternal mortality.15.2 DIRECT ESTIMATES OF ADULT MORTALITY15.2.1 Levels and Trends in Adult MortalityTable 15.2 presents the age-specific rates of female and male mortality (15-49 years) for the fiveyearperiod before the 2001-2002 ZDHS. This period was chosen in order to allow an assessment of thelevel of adult mortality during the period following the 1996 ZDHS. The centre of the reference periodfor the estimates is the calendar year 1999. To allow an assessment of adult mortality trends over roughlythe past decade in Zambia, estimates from the 1996 ZDHS are presented in the final column of the table;these estimates refer to a five-year period before the 1996 ZDHS, a period cantered on 1995.The results in Table 15.2 indicate that, the adult mortality rate over the age range 15-49 years was14.3 deaths per 1,000 for the five-year period prior to the 2001-2002 ZDHS. The rate was somewhathigher among women than men (14.8 deaths per 1,000 versus 13.9 per 1,000, respectively).242 │ Adult Mortality1The imputation procedure is based on the assumption that the reported birth ordering of siblings in the history iscorrect. The first step is to calculate birth dates. For each living sibling with a reported age and each deceased siblingwith complete information on both age at death and years since death, the birth date was calculated. For a siblingmissing these data, a birth date was imputed within the range defined by the birth dates of the bracketing siblings.In the case of living siblings, an age was then calculated from the imputed birth date. In the case of deceasedsiblings, if either the age at death or years since death were reported, that information was combined with the birthdate to produce the missing information. If both pieces of information were missing, the distribution of the ages atdeath for siblings for whom the years since death were unreported, but age at death was reported, was used as a basisfor imputing the age at death.
Table 15.2 Adult mortality ratesDirect estimates of age-specific mortality rates for men and women age 15-49 forthe period 0-4 years preceding the 2001-2002 ZDHS and the 1996 ZDHS2001-2002 ZDHS1996 ZDHSAgeDeathsExposure(person-years)Mortalityrate 1mortalityrate 1WOMEN15-19 66 14,695 4.5 4.320-24 167 16,230 10.3 9.025-29 253 14,187 17.8 15.830-34 241 11,043 21.9 16.935-39 193 7,656 25.3 18.240-44 107 4,690 22.9 15.945-49 54 2,765 19.6 15.415-49 1,082 71,265 14.8 a 11.7 aMEN15-19 57 14,207 4.0 3.620-24 99 16,436 6.0 6.025-29 174 15,194 11.5 12.930-34 251 11,057 22.7 19.535-39 228 7,779 29.3 25.540-44 137 4,642 29.5 26.645-49 60 2,563 23.6 25.915-49 1,007 71,877 13.9 a 12.9 aTOTAL15-19 123 28,902 4.3 4.020-24 266 32,666 8.1 7.525-29 427 29,381 14.5 14.330-34 493 22,100 22.3 18.235-39 421 15,434 27.3 21.840-44 244 9,332 26.2 20.945-49 115 5,327 21.5 20.515-49 2,089 143,142 14.3 a 12.2 a1Expressed per 1,000 person-years of exposureaAge-adjusted ratesFor both women and men, mortality rates rise rapidly with age. The rise is steeper for womenthan for men in the younger age ranges; however, levels are higher for men than for women at older ages.Both patterns are consistent with the gender differences in the age patterns of HIV infection described inthe previous chapters (i.e., infection levels are higher for women than men at younger ages and higher formen than women at older ages).Comparison of adult mortality estimates from the 2001-2002 ZDHS with those from in the 1996ZDHS suggests that mortality rates for all adults 15-49 rose by more than 15 percent during the periodbetween the two surveys. 2 As Figure 15.1 shows, most of the increased mortality was due to higher mortalityamong women and men age 25 and over.2The adult mortality estimates presented here are for a five-year reference period preceding the 1996 and 2001-2002surveys. The decision to employ this reference period was made to avoid any overlap of the time periods to whichthe estimates pertain. An earlier publication of estimates of adult mortality based on data from the 1996 survey wasfor the seven-year period preceding that survey (1996 ZDHS). The overall adult mortality estimates based on aseven-year period preceding both the 1996 and the 2001-2002 surveys are 10.9 and 14.1 per 1,000, which implies anincrease in the mortality level of about 25 percent (similar results pertain to male and female adult mortality estimates).Thus, basing the analysis on the reference period used for earlier published results does not change the conclusionthat adult mortality in Zambia has increased sharply over the past decade.Adult Mortality │ 243
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ZambiaDemographic andHealth Survey2
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This report summarises the findings
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Page3.6 Women’s Employment ......
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Page11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake amo
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PageA.7 Sample Selection ..........
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PageTable 3.11 Decision on use of e
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Table 7.7 Wanted fertility rates ..
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PageTable 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AI
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PREFACEThe Zambia Demographic and H
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FAMILY PLANNINGKnowledge of contrac
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According to mothers’ reports, ar
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ZAMBIALake TanganyikaLake MweruTanz
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The 1980s marked the start of the f
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the peripheral structures. An impor
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ing in private households in the co
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subjects agreed) received a referra
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confidentiality.Finally, in additio
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CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND2R
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Figure 2.2 Distribution of De Facto
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2.4 EDUCATIONAL LEVEL OF HOUSEHOLD
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Figure 2.3 Percent Distribution of
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Figure 2.4 Net and Gross Attendance
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2.5 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS ANDHOUS
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Thirty percent of households own a
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS3AND
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enrolment ratios suggest that educa
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3.3 LITERACYThe ability to read is
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Figure 3.1 Youth Literacy100 Percen
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3.5 MEN’S EMPLOYMENTMale responde
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Table 3.6 Occupation: menPercent di
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Table 3.8 Employment status: womenP
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non-agricultural occupations, since
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Table 3.12 Women’s control over e
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Table 3.14.1 Women’s participatio
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Table 3.14.2 Women’s participatio
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Table 3.15.1 Women’s attitudes to
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3.7.3 Attitudes toward Refusing Sex
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Table 3.16.2 Men’s attitudes towa
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Table 3.17.1 Smoking of tobacco: wo
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FERTILITY4Richard Banda and Margare
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As the comparison in Figure 4.1 ind
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Figure 4.3 Total Fertility Rate by
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Table 4.4 Trends in fertility by ba
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Results from the 2001-2002 ZDHS ind
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The median birth interval is 33 mon
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4.6 TEENAGE FERTILITYAdolescent chi
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FERTILITY REGULATION5Mika Bwembya a
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Table 5.1.2 Knowledge of contracept
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Seventy percent of currently marrie
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Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
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Table 5.7 Number of children at fir
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Table 5.10 Source of contraceptionP
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The pattern is slightly different f
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5.14 EXPOSURE TO FAMILY PLANNING ME
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Table 5.16.1 Exposure to specific r
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Table 5.17 shows that 18 percent of
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Table 5.19 Attitudes of couples tow
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Table 6.1 shows that one-fourth of
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Table 6.3 Age at first marriagePerc
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Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
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Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
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Almost four in ten (38 percent) of
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FERTILITY PREFERENCES AND UNMET NEE
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The above results show an increase
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7.3 UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNINGW
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Figure 7.4 Unmet Need for Spacing a
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The mean ideal number of children f
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Table 7.7 shows the total wanted fe
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Fifty-nine percent of all neonatal
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Table 8.3 Early childhood mortality
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Table 8.5 Early childhood mortality
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Only 27 percent of births are in a
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MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH9Miriam Ch
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Expectant mothers should beginanten
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There are particularly sharp differ
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Table 9.5 Place of deliveryPercent
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Table 9.7 shows that only 2 percent
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Table 9.8 Postnatal carePercent dis
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Table 9.9 Visits by health workersP
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Table 9.10.2 Neighbourhood Health C
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No major variations were observed w
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Table 9.13 Vaccinations by backgrou
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Table 9.14 Prevalence of injections
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Eastern province has the highest pr
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Table 9.18 Diarrhoea treatmentPerce
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Table 9.20 Household knowledge and
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10.1.1 Use of Bednets by Children a
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Table 10.4 Use of antimalarial drug
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Luapula province has the highest pe
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INFANT FEEDING, NUTRITIONAL PRACTIC
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than half (51 percent) of the infan
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tamination after cleaning, the nipp
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11.2 COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING11.2.1 Ty
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Few children under two years of age
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Table 11.6 Iodisation of household
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11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake among C
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11.3.3 Micronutrient Supplementatio
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11.4 HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITYFood se
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Table 11.12 Nutritional status of c
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Table 11.12 indicates that children
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VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN 12Mary Kazun
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Table 12.2 Experience of beatings o
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Results show that almost eight out
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Page 213 and 214: More than four out of ten never-mar
Page 215 and 216: AIDS/HIV/STI-RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND1
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Page 219 and 220: Knowledge of HIV prevention methods
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Page 223 and 224: The view that HIV status of a famil
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Page 227 and 228: Figure 13.1 Unmet Need for HIV Test
Page 229 and 230: Table 13.10 Men's attitudes toward
Page 231 and 232: Men in sales and services and skill
Page 233 and 234: Table 13.13 Alcohol consumption by
Page 235 and 236: Table 13.14.2 Knowledge of symptoms
Page 237 and 238: The peak age for having STI symptom
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Page 241 and 242: The practice of having multiple par
Page 243 and 244: Table 13.21 Use of condoms by type
Page 245 and 246: PREVALENCE OF HIV AND SYPHILIS 14Ku
Page 247 and 248: 14.1.2 Coverage for HIV Testing by
Page 249 and 250: 14.1.3 Approach to Weighting Syphil
Page 251 and 252: 14.2 SYPHILIS PREVALENCE RATES 1Tab
Page 253 and 254: Table 14.8 Syphilis prevalence by a
Page 255 and 256: The 2001-2002 ZDHS data can be used
Page 257 and 258: Figure 14.2 illustrates the distinc
Page 259 and 260: Figure 14.3 HIV Prevalence AmongWom
Page 261: ADULT MORTALITY15Ann A. WayData col
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Page 267 and 268: 124 | ReferencesGaisie, K., A. Cros
Page 269 and 270: SAMPLE DESIGNAppendix AA.1 INTRODUC
Page 271 and 272: Table A.2. Expected number of selec
Page 273 and 274: Similarly, a total of 2,658 potenti
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Page 279 and 280: Table B.2 Sampling errors for selec
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Page 289 and 290: Table B.12 Sampling errors for sele
Page 291 and 292: DATA QUALITY TABLESAppendix CTable
Page 293 and 294: Table C.3 Completeness of reporting
Page 295 and 296: Table C.6 Reporting of age at death
Page 297 and 298: Provincial CoordinatorsMr Martin Nj
Page 299 and 300: Data Processing StaffMr Mathews Muv
Page 301 and 302: 286 | Appendix E
Page 303 and 304: HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULENow we would like
Page 305 and 306: LINENO.USUAL RESIDENTSAND VISITORSR
Page 307 and 308: NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
Page 309 and 310: NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
Page 311 and 312: INFORMED CONSENT FOR SYPHILIS AND H
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September 28, 20012001 ZAMBIA DEMOG
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTIONNO. QUESTION
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212 213 214 215 216 217IF ALIVE:218
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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407AWhere did the first antenatal v
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH AN
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTHNAMENAM
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH474B CH
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH480 Wha
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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SECTION 5. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTI
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. HUSBAND'S BACKGROUND AND
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SECTION 9. MATERNAL MORTALITYNO. QU
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904 What wasname given toyour oldes
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NAME OF EDITOR:____________________
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SUPERVISOR FIELD EDITOR OFFICE EDIT
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14 Have you heard of any other ways
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
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Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001-2002 - Measure DHS

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