Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001-2002 - Measure DHS

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Table 14.7 Syphilis prevalence by background characteristicsPrevalence of syphilis among women and men age 15-49 (and men age 15-59), bybackground characteristics, Zambia 2001-2002Women Men TotalPercentsyphilispositivePercentsyphilispositivePercentsyphilispositiveBackgroundcharacteristicsNumbertestedNumbertestedNumbertestedResidenceUrban 7.7 797 9.4 660 8.5 1,457Rural 5.7 1,236 6.5 1,033 6.1 2,269ProvinceCentral 3.0 168 2.2 133 2.7 302Copperbelt 9.0 417 10.6 343 9.7 761Eastern 7.8 248 11.0 214 9.3 462Luapula 7.5 154 7.5 121 7.5 275Lusaka 8.5 292 11.5 257 9.9 548Northern 1.9 279 2.3 231 2.1 510North-Western 6.9 90 5.4 75 6.3 165Southern 3.3 217 5.2 187 4.1 404Western 8.8 167 6.7 133 7.9 300EducationNo education 8.2 232 11.2 80 9.0 312Primary 6.8 1,193 6.8 865 6.8 2,058Secondary/higher 5.2 608 8.2 749 6.9 1,357Total 15-49 6.5 2,033 7.7 1,693 7.0 3,726Total 15-59 na na 7.4 1,842 na nana = Not applicableTable 14.8 shows syphilis prevalence by age, sex, and urban-rural residence. The proportion whotested positive for syphilis rises rapidly with age, from a low of 2 percent to a peak of 11 percent in the25-29 age group, and then falls slightly to a level of 8 percent for respondents age 30 and above. Lookingat urban-rural differentials, syphilis prevalence is generally higher among urban women and men in allage groups compared with rural women and men. In urban areas, syphilis prevalence reaches its peakamong women age 20-24, while in rural areas it peaks among those age 25-29. Among men, the proportionpositive for syphilis is highest in the 25-29 age group.232 | Prevalence of HIV and Syphilis
Table 14.8 Syphilis prevalence by age, sex, and urban-rural residenceSyphilis prevalence rates among women 15-49 and men 15-59 by age, sex, andresidence, Zambia 2001-2002AgePercentsyphilispositiveUrban Rural TotalNumbertestedPercentsyphilispositiveNumbertestedPercentsyphilispositiveNumbertestedWomen15-19 4.5 209 1.7 275 2.9 48420-24 9.7 186 7.2 260 8.2 44725-29 9.4 148 9.4 202 9.4 35030-34 7.7 105 5.9 158 6.6 26335+ 7.9 149 5.6 340 6.3 489Total 15-49 7.7 797 5.7 1,236 6.5 2,033Men15-19 2.9 131 0.9 234 1.6 36520-24 3.7 149 5.4 160 4.6 30925-29 15.5 113 9.7 193 11.8 30630-34 13.2 103 4.9 139 8.5 24235+ 10.6 218 9.0 402 9.5 620Total 15-49 9.4 660 6.5 1,033 7.7 1,693Total 15-59 8.9 715 6.4 1,127 7.4 1,842Total15-19 3.9 340 1.3 510 2.3 84920-24 7.0 335 6.5 420 6.7 75625-29 12.0 262 9.5 395 10.5 65730-34 10.5 208 5.4 297 7.5 50535+ 9.5 367 7.4 742 8.1 1,109Total 15-49 8.5 1,457 6.1 2,269 7.0 3,726Table 14.9 shows that pregnant women have slightly higher syphilis rates than non-pregnantwomen. Among the sexually active never-married population, women are almost twice as likely to beinfected with syphilis as men (5 percent versus 3 percent). The fact that 1 percent of women and menwho reported they had never had sex were found to have syphilis is evidence of the underreporting of pastsexual activity. Among married women and men, more men (10 percent) than women (7 percent) are infected.Divorced, separated, or widowed men have a very high risk of being infected, with 25 percentinfected, compared with 9 percent of their female counterparts.The prevalence of syphilis increases with an increase in the number of partners for both marriedand unmarried respondents, although the rates are much lower among unmarried than married respondents.Among the married women and men with one extramarital partner, prevalence is about three timeshigher for men than women (20 percent and 7 percent, respectively). Men who have paid for sex are morethan twice as likely to be infected with syphilis as those who have not (15 percent versus 7 percent).Prevalence of HIV and Syphilis | 233
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ZambiaDemographic andHealth Survey2
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This report summarises the findings
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Page3.6 Women’s Employment ......
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Page11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake amo
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PageA.7 Sample Selection ..........
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PageTable 3.11 Decision on use of e
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Table 7.7 Wanted fertility rates ..
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PageTable 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AI
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PREFACEThe Zambia Demographic and H
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FAMILY PLANNINGKnowledge of contrac
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According to mothers’ reports, ar
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ZAMBIALake TanganyikaLake MweruTanz
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The 1980s marked the start of the f
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the peripheral structures. An impor
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ing in private households in the co
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subjects agreed) received a referra
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confidentiality.Finally, in additio
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CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND2R
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Figure 2.2 Distribution of De Facto
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2.4 EDUCATIONAL LEVEL OF HOUSEHOLD
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Figure 2.3 Percent Distribution of
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Figure 2.4 Net and Gross Attendance
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2.5 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS ANDHOUS
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Thirty percent of households own a
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS3AND
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enrolment ratios suggest that educa
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3.3 LITERACYThe ability to read is
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Figure 3.1 Youth Literacy100 Percen
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3.5 MEN’S EMPLOYMENTMale responde
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Table 3.6 Occupation: menPercent di
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Table 3.8 Employment status: womenP
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non-agricultural occupations, since
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Table 3.12 Women’s control over e
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Table 3.14.1 Women’s participatio
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Table 3.14.2 Women’s participatio
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Table 3.15.1 Women’s attitudes to
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3.7.3 Attitudes toward Refusing Sex
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Table 3.16.2 Men’s attitudes towa
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Table 3.17.1 Smoking of tobacco: wo
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FERTILITY4Richard Banda and Margare
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As the comparison in Figure 4.1 ind
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Figure 4.3 Total Fertility Rate by
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Table 4.4 Trends in fertility by ba
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Results from the 2001-2002 ZDHS ind
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The median birth interval is 33 mon
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4.6 TEENAGE FERTILITYAdolescent chi
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FERTILITY REGULATION5Mika Bwembya a
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Table 5.1.2 Knowledge of contracept
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Seventy percent of currently marrie
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Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
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Table 5.7 Number of children at fir
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Table 5.10 Source of contraceptionP
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The pattern is slightly different f
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5.14 EXPOSURE TO FAMILY PLANNING ME
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Table 5.16.1 Exposure to specific r
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Table 5.17 shows that 18 percent of
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Table 5.19 Attitudes of couples tow
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Table 6.1 shows that one-fourth of
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Table 6.3 Age at first marriagePerc
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Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
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Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
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Almost four in ten (38 percent) of
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FERTILITY PREFERENCES AND UNMET NEE
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The above results show an increase
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7.3 UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNINGW
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Figure 7.4 Unmet Need for Spacing a
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The mean ideal number of children f
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Table 7.7 shows the total wanted fe
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Fifty-nine percent of all neonatal
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Table 8.3 Early childhood mortality
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Table 8.5 Early childhood mortality
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Only 27 percent of births are in a
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MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH9Miriam Ch
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Expectant mothers should beginanten
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There are particularly sharp differ
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Table 9.5 Place of deliveryPercent
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Table 9.7 shows that only 2 percent
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Table 9.8 Postnatal carePercent dis
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Table 9.9 Visits by health workersP
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Table 9.10.2 Neighbourhood Health C
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No major variations were observed w
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Table 9.13 Vaccinations by backgrou
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Table 9.14 Prevalence of injections
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Eastern province has the highest pr
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Table 9.18 Diarrhoea treatmentPerce
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Table 9.20 Household knowledge and
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10.1.1 Use of Bednets by Children a
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Table 10.4 Use of antimalarial drug
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Luapula province has the highest pe
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INFANT FEEDING, NUTRITIONAL PRACTIC
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than half (51 percent) of the infan
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tamination after cleaning, the nipp
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11.2 COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING11.2.1 Ty
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Few children under two years of age
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Table 11.6 Iodisation of household
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11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake among C
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11.3.3 Micronutrient Supplementatio
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11.4 HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITYFood se
Page 201 and 202: Table 11.12 Nutritional status of c
Page 203 and 204: Table 11.12 indicates that children
Page 205 and 206: VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN 12Mary Kazun
Page 207 and 208: Table 12.2 Experience of beatings o
Page 209 and 210: Results show that almost eight out
Page 211 and 212: Table 12.5 Experience of sexual vio
Page 213 and 214: More than four out of ten never-mar
Page 215 and 216: AIDS/HIV/STI-RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND1
Page 217 and 218: Table 13.2 Knowledge of ways to avo
Page 219 and 220: Knowledge of HIV prevention methods
Page 221 and 222: Table 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AIDS w
Page 223 and 224: The view that HIV status of a famil
Page 225 and 226: Table 13.8 Knowledge of “Trendset
Page 227 and 228: Figure 13.1 Unmet Need for HIV Test
Page 229 and 230: Table 13.10 Men's attitudes toward
Page 231 and 232: Men in sales and services and skill
Page 233 and 234: Table 13.13 Alcohol consumption by
Page 235 and 236: Table 13.14.2 Knowledge of symptoms
Page 237 and 238: The peak age for having STI symptom
Page 239 and 240: used condoms, 34 percent took medic
Page 241 and 242: The practice of having multiple par
Page 243 and 244: Table 13.21 Use of condoms by type
Page 245 and 246: PREVALENCE OF HIV AND SYPHILIS 14Ku
Page 247 and 248: 14.1.2 Coverage for HIV Testing by
Page 249 and 250: 14.1.3 Approach to Weighting Syphil
Page 251: 14.2 SYPHILIS PREVALENCE RATES 1Tab
Page 255 and 256: The 2001-2002 ZDHS data can be used
Page 257 and 258: Figure 14.2 illustrates the distinc
Page 259 and 260: Figure 14.3 HIV Prevalence AmongWom
Page 261 and 262: ADULT MORTALITY15Ann A. WayData col
Page 263 and 264: Table 15.2 Adult mortality ratesDir
Page 265 and 266: While again not definitive, the res
Page 267 and 268: 124 | ReferencesGaisie, K., A. Cros
Page 269 and 270: SAMPLE DESIGNAppendix AA.1 INTRODUC
Page 271 and 272: Table A.2. Expected number of selec
Page 273 and 274: Similarly, a total of 2,658 potenti
Page 275 and 276: Table A.5 Sample implementation: me
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Page 279 and 280: Table B.2 Sampling errors for selec
Page 287 and 288: Table B.10 Sampling errors for sele
Page 289 and 290: Table B.12 Sampling errors for sele
Page 291 and 292: DATA QUALITY TABLESAppendix CTable
Page 293 and 294: Table C.3 Completeness of reporting
Page 295 and 296: Table C.6 Reporting of age at death
Page 297 and 298: Provincial CoordinatorsMr Martin Nj
Page 299 and 300: Data Processing StaffMr Mathews Muv
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULENow we would like
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LINENO.USUAL RESIDENTSAND VISITORSR
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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INFORMED CONSENT FOR SYPHILIS AND H
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September 28, 20012001 ZAMBIA DEMOG
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTIONNO. QUESTION
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212 213 214 215 216 217IF ALIVE:218
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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407AWhere did the first antenatal v
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH AN
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTHNAMENAM
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH474B CH
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH480 Wha
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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SECTION 5. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTI
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. HUSBAND'S BACKGROUND AND
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SECTION 9. MATERNAL MORTALITYNO. QU
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904 What wasname given toyour oldes
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NAME OF EDITOR:____________________
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SUPERVISOR FIELD EDITOR OFFICE EDIT
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14 Have you heard of any other ways
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
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